黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期气象因子的时空分布特征及互作关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 1686-1697.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.003

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期气象因子的时空分布特征及互作关系

李世景^1,²,徐萍¹,张正斌^1,^3,⁴(),卫云宗⁵

1 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021
2 中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京 100049
3 中国科学院大学现代农业学院,北京 100049
4 中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京 100101
5 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾 041000

收稿日期:2018-12-08 接受日期:2019-03-06 出版日期:2019-05-16 发布日期:2019-05-23
通讯作者: 张正斌
作者简介:李世景,E-mail： lishijing1122@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划小麦生产系统对气候变化的响应机制及其适应性栽培途径(2017YFNC050025);中国科学院种子创新研究院项目

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristic and Interaction Between Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat and Precipitation of Growth Period in Huang-Huai Dryland

LI ShiJing^1,²,XU Ping¹,ZHANG ZhengBin^1,^3,⁴(),WEI YunZong⁵

1 Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021
2 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
5 Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen 041000, Shanxi

Received:2018-12-08 Accepted:2019-03-06 Online:2019-05-16 Published:2019-05-23
Contact: ZhengBin ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期降水的时空分布特征与互作关系,为气候变化下黄淮旱地小麦品种改良提供理论依据。【方法】利用2010—2017年国家黄淮冬小麦区域试验对照品种在不同区域试验点的农艺性状与降水资料,结合地理时空分布与数理统计方法,分析黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状和出苗-成熟期总降水的关系。【结果】空间分布上,黄淮旱地小麦实际单位面积产量、千粒重呈现由西部旱薄地向东部旱肥地增加的趋势。西部旱薄地的株高相对较高,中东部旱肥地的株高相对较低。中东部以北的黄淮旱地不同生育阶段的总降水普遍较低,中东部以南的黄淮旱地不同生育阶段的总降水相对较高。时间变化上,河南、山西和陕西的中西部旱地的出苗—成熟期总降水表现出显著的增加趋势。出苗—抽穗期总降水与实际单位面积产量、株高、有效穗数呈显著正相关。通径分析表明,黄淮旱肥地的株高和有效穗数决定了产量变异的53.2%,黄淮旱薄地的株高和千粒重决定了产量变异的67%。【结论】建议黄淮旱肥地冬小麦育种以适当增加株高,提高花前高效利用有限降水的能力和增加穗部发育为主。黄淮旱薄地育种以稳定株高,提高花后转运干物质的效率和收获指数为主。

关键词: 黄淮旱地, 冬小麦, 农艺性状, 出苗-成熟期总降水, 时空分布

Abstract:

【Objective】This article was to study the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction between agronomic traits of winter wheat and precipitation of growth period, and to provide a theoretical basis for variety improvement of winter wheat in Huang-Huai dryland under climate change.【Method】The data of agronomic traits and precipitation of the national regional trials of Huang-Huai dryland from 2010 to 2017 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and interaction by geographic methods and statistical methods.【Result】In terms of spatial distribution, the actual yield per unit area and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat showed an increasing trend from west barren dryland to east fertile dryland. The plant height showed higher in the west barren dryland and lower in the middle and east fertile dryland. The total precipitation of different growth stages in the north of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland was generally low, the south of central and eastern Huang-Huai dryland relatively high. In terms of time change, the total precipitation of germination to maturity period in the central and western dryland of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi showed a significant increasing trend. The total precipitation of germination to heading period was significantly positively correlated with actual yield, plant height, and number of effective ears. The results of path analysis showed that the plant height and the number of effective ears determined 53.2% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai fertile dryland, and the plant height and 1000-kernel weight determined 67% of the actual yield variation in Huang-Huai barren dryland. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that winter wheat breeding in Huang-Huai fertile dryland should increase plant height appropriately, improve the ability of efficient use of limited precipitation before flowering and increase ear development. Huang-Huai barren dryland breeding should stabilize plant height and improve the efficiency of transporting dry matter after flowering and harvest index.

Key words: Huang-Huai dryland, winter wheat, agronomic traits, precipitation of germination-maturity, spatial-temporal distribution

李世景, 徐萍, 张正斌, 卫云宗. 黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期气象因子的时空分布特征及互作关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(10): 1686-1697.

LI ShiJing, XU Ping, ZHANG ZhengBin, WEI YunZong. Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristic and Interaction Between Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat and Precipitation of Growth Period in Huang-Huai Dryland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(10): 1686-1697.

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麦区 Wheat area	省份 Province	区试点 Regional test site	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	山西 Shanxi	阳城 Yangcheng				+			+
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	河南 Henan	林州 Linzhou	+	+			+		+
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	河南 Henan	三门峡 Sanmenxia							+		+
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	甘肃 Gansu	天水 Tianshui		+		+		+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	河南 Henan	汝州 Ruzhou					+	+	+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	河北 Hebei	沧州 Cangzhou				-
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	河北 Hebei	衡水 Hengshui	+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	陕西 Shaanxi	长武 Changwu			+				+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	陕西 Shaanxi	渭南 Weinan							+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	山西 Shanxi	泽州 Zezhou					+		+	+
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	山西 Shanxi	绛县 Jiangxian					-		+

麦区 Wheat area	性状 Trait	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	X₁	0.687^**	0.563^**	0.422^**	0.042	0.602^**	0.502^**	0.559^**	0.091
	X₂		0.514^**	0.382^**	0.126	0.606^**	0.587^**	0.577^**	0.213
	X₃			0.307^**	-0.264^*	0.809^**	0.346^**	0.448^**	-0.023
	X₄				-0.092	0.697^**	0.286^*	0.276^*	0.110
	X₅					0.083	-0.086	-0.148	0.056
	X₆						0.386^**	0.427^**	0.073
	X₇							0.813^**	0.596^**
	X₈								0.018
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	X₁	0.788^**	0.592^**	0.409^**	0.301^*	0.612^**	0.232	0.403^**	-0.122
	X₂		0.669^**	0.392^**	0.098	0.618^**	0.422^**	0.627^**	-0.091
	X₃			0.166	0.005	0.701^**	0.325^**	0.463^**	-0.046
	X₄				0.178	0.684^**	0.191	0.238	0.014
	X₅					0.463^**	-0.034	-0.047	0.003
	X₆						0.316^*	0.392^**	0.027
	X₇							0.793^**	0.649^**
	X₈								0.052

麦区 Wheat area	最优回归模型 Optimal regression model
黄淮旱肥地 Huang-Huai fertile dryland	X₁=0.056X₂+0.003X₃-0.193 (F=40.867, P=0.000, R²=0.532)
黄淮旱薄地 Huang-Huai barren dryland	X₁=0.054X₂+0.052X₅-1.978 (F=61.988, P=0.000, R²=0.670)

黄淮旱地冬小麦农艺性状与生育期气象因子的时空分布特征及互作关系

Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristic and Interaction Between Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat and Precipitation of Growth Period in Huang-Huai Dryland

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