关键词: 控释肥, 施肥方法, 小麦, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 施肥位置

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the suitable controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer varieties and their application methods in the wheat production process, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the one-off mechanized application technology of wheat controlled-release fertilizer. 【Method】 Three dominant wheat producing areas with different soil types, fertility levels and climatic conditions in Shandong province were selected to study effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for wheat (surface broadcasting and rotary tillage (CRF1), banding below seeds (CRF2), and banding below and away from seeds (CRF3)) on wheat yield, nutrient absorption, soil nitrate nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency under the same optimal fertilization conditions by the method of field plot experiment. At the same time, the application methods were compared with the conventional urea fertilization (half urea was used as the base fertilizer, and half of urea was used at jointing of wheat (CK1), and all of urea was used as the base fertilizer by surface broadcasting and rotary tillage (CK2)) and no nitrogen fertilizer (CK0). 【Result】 The yield of wheat grown in Taian brown soil ranged from 7 021 to 7 683 kg·hm^-2, and the yields of CRF1 and CRF2 increased by 6.1% and 3.5% respectively compared with CK1, but the difference did not reach a significant level. The yield of CRF3 and CK1 was not significantly different, and the yield of CRF1 and CRF2 wheat was significantly higher than that of CK2, which increased by 9.4% and 6.7%, respectively. The yield of wheat grown in Chiping tidal soil ranged from 4 576 to 5 193 kg·hm^-2, and the yield of CRF1 and CK1 wheat was not significantly different, but significantly higher than that of CK2, with an increase of 11.3%. The yield of wheat treated with nitrogen fertilizer in the Huantai cinnamon soil ranged from 5 222 to 5 830 kg·hm^-2. The yield of CRF1, CRF2 and CRF3 had no significant difference with CK1, while the yield of CRF1 was significantly higher than that of CK2, with an increase of 10.8%. The wheat yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of CRF1 were higher in all three sites, but there was no significant difference between CRF2 and CRF3. In Taian brown soil, the distribution rates of grain nitrogen of CRF1 and CRF3 were significantly higher than those of CK1 and CK2. The nitrogen use efficiency of CRF1, CRF2 and CRF3 in Huantai cinnamon soil was 46.7%, 49.5% and 50.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three treatments, and no significant difference with CK1 and CK2. The three kinds of fertilization methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the distribution of dry matter in wheat grain and straw, the nitrogen content and accumulation of grain and the surplus of nitrogen. In Chiping and Huantai, the content of nitrate nitrogen of CRF2 and CRF3 in 0-90 cm soil layer was higher. The content of nitrate nitrogen under CK1 and CK2 in Taian was higher, while that under CRF1 was the lowest. 【Conclusion】 In the case of optimized dosage, the surface broadcasting and rotary tillage method for self-made wheat-specific controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was conducive to stable or higher yield and production costs savings.

Key words: controlled-release fertilizer, fertilization methods, wheat, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer placement