中国农业科学

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

嘎啦苹果不同施肥深度对15N-尿素的吸收、分配与利用特性

李红波,葛顺峰,姜远茂,彭福田,魏绍冲,房祥吉   

  1. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-09 出版日期:2011-04-02 发布日期:2010-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 姜远茂,E-mail:ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李红波,Tel:0538-8249778;E-mail:lihongbo699@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    现代苹果产业技术体系(MATS)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)、山东省农业重大应用创新课题

Characteristics of Absorption, Distribution and Utilization of 15N-Urea Applied in Different Depths in Gala (Malus hupehensis)

LI Hong-bo, GE Shun-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao, PENG Fu-tian, WEI Shao-chong, FANG Xiang-ji   

  1. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2010-09-09 Online:2011-04-02 Published:2010-12-28

摘要: 【目的】为苹果生产中确定合理的施肥深度提供科学依据。【方法】以8年生嘎拉苹果/平邑甜茶为试材,采用表层(0 cm)、中层(20 cm)和深层(40 cm)3个施肥深度处理进行同位素示踪试验。【结果】不同施肥深度处理,嘎啦苹果各器官Ndff值存在差异,深层施肥和表层施肥各器官Ndff值显著低于中层施肥,各处理盛花期均以细根Ndff值最高,粗根次之;新梢旺长期和果实膨大期根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官运转;果实成熟期均以果实中Ndff值最高;果实采收后贮藏器官的Ndff值较高,新生营养器官下降到较低水平。不同物候期各器官的15N分配率存在显著差异,但不同深度施肥处理之间差异并不显著。随物候期的推移,植株对15N-尿素的利用率逐渐升高,到采收后达到最大;各物候期中层施肥处理均显著高于表层和深层处理。【结论】中层施肥处理能够增强植株对氮的吸收征调能力,提高肥料利用率。

关键词: 苹果 , 施肥深度 , 15N-尿素 , 吸收 , 分配 , 利用

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical basis for the appropriate depth of fertilizer application for apple under field conditions.【Method】 The isotope 15N-urea trials were carried out in field conditions with three different fertilizer application depth treatments.【Result】The difference of Ndff was significant in different organs among different fertilizer application depth treatments,and the 0 cm and 40 cm treatments were obviously lower than 20 cm treatment. At the full-bloom stage, the Ndff was the highest in fine roots, and then in thick roots. During the shoot rapid-growing and fruit rapid-expanding stages, the Ndff of new organs was higher than that of the storage organs. The Ndff of fruit was the highest at fruit maturity stage. After harvest, the Ndff of storage organs was higher and the new organs were in low level. The distribution ratio of 15N was different in various organs at different phonological stages, but there was no significant difference among three treatments. With the process of growth, the ratio of 15N utilization of apple trees in different treatments increased gradually and reached the highest after harvest, and the treatment of fertilizer in 20 cm was generally higher than that in 0 cm and in 40 cm treatments. 【Conclusion】 Fertilizer application in 20 cm can enhance the absorption and ability to transfer N to apple tree,and also can increase the nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: apple , fertilization depth , 15N-urea , absorption , distribution , utilization