小麦锌吸收转移对土施锌肥响应的区域差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1034-1047.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

小麦锌吸收转移对土施锌肥响应的区域差异

李文虎¹(), 礼海风¹, 杜宇鹏¹, 丁玉兰¹, 罗一诺¹, 李宇珂¹, 佘文婷¹, 张丰¹, 滕宇¹, 张思琦¹, 黄翠¹, 李小涵¹, 刘金山¹^,², 王朝辉¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-04-29 接受日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-06
通信作者:
王朝辉，E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net
联系方式: 李文虎，E-mail：396678591@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900400)

Regional Differences in Wheat Zinc Uptake and Translocation Responses to Soil Zinc Fertilization

LI WenHu¹(), LI HaiFeng¹, DU YuPeng¹, DING YuLan¹, LUO YiNuo¹, LI YuKe¹, SHE WenTing¹, ZHANG Feng¹, TENG Yu¹, ZHANG SiQi¹, HUANG Cui¹, LI XiaoHan¹, LIU JinShan¹^,², WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro- Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-06-25 Published:2026-03-01 Online:2026-03-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 小麦锌吸收转移对籽粒锌含量有着重要影响。明确区域间小麦的花前花后锌吸收转移、籽粒锌含量与施锌量的关系，可为因地制宜科学施锌，建立小麦锌营养强化技术提供依据。【方法】 基于2022年在陕西永寿、河北柏乡、四川梓潼和安徽舒城4个地点设置的锌肥用量定位试验，于2024年采集小麦开花、成熟期植株样品，测定土壤有效锌含量及小麦产量、生物量、产量构成、不同部位锌含量，研究小麦籽粒锌含量和小麦花前花后锌吸收转移对土壤施锌响应的区域差异。【结果】 施锌对四地的小麦产量和产量构成没有显著影响，籽粒锌含量显著提高。四川梓潼和安徽舒城可实现40.0 mg·kg^-1的籽粒锌强化目标，最高可达51.7和80.7 mg·kg^-1。而陕西永寿和河北柏乡却未实现籽粒锌强化目标，籽粒锌最高含量分别为32.2和34.5 mg·kg^-1。每公顷增施1.0 kg锌，安徽、四川、河北和陕西的花前锌吸收量分别提高9.8、7.4、3.0和3.0 g·hm^-2；四川、安徽和河北的花后锌吸收量提高9.8、8.3和0.97 g·hm^-2，陕西没有显著提高；安徽和陕西的花后锌转移量提高5.6、2.5 g·hm^-2，四川降低1.6 g·hm^-2，河北没有显著提高。每公顷增施1.0 kg锌，陕西、河北、安徽和四川的花前锌吸收率分别提高0.71、0.53、0.47和降低0.40个百分点，花后锌吸收率分别降低0.71、0.53、0.47和提高0.40个百分点；四川和河北的花后锌转移率分别降低1.41和0.44个百分点，陕西和安徽没有显著降低；开花期根系向地上部的锌转移指数，四川和安徽分别降低0.06和0.13，陕西和河北没有显著降低。【结论】 小麦籽粒锌含量的提升，受小麦锌吸收和转移等因素共同影响。相比于花前和花后锌吸收率、吸收贡献率，以及花后锌转移率和转移贡献率，花前、花后锌吸收量和花后锌转移量对小麦籽粒锌含量的影响更大；施锌促进了小麦花前和花后锌吸收量增加，对花后锌转移量的影响因地而异。相比花后锌转移量，小麦的花前和花后锌吸收量，尤其花后锌吸收量对籽粒锌含量提升的影响更大。因此，提高我国主产区土壤供锌能力，促进小麦的锌吸收，特别是花后的锌吸收能力，可有效提高籽粒锌含量，实现小麦锌营养强化目标。

关键词: 小麦, 籽粒锌, 锌吸收转移, 土壤施锌, 锌肥

Abstract:

【Objective】 The zinc (Zn) uptake and translocation in wheat have a significant impact on grain Zn concentration. The aim of this study was to understand the relationships between pre-anthesis and post-anthesis Zn uptake and translocation, grain Zn concentration, and Zn rates across different regions, so as to provide the support to the scientific application of Zn fertilizer and the enhancement of wheat grain Zn biofortification.【Method】 Based on the location-fixed field experiment initiated in major wheat-growing regions of China at 2022, including Yongshou of Shaanxi, Baixiang of Hebei, Zitong of Sichuan, and Shucheng of Anhui, soil available Zn concentration, wheat yield, biomass, yield components and Zn concentration in various plant parts were analyzed to understand the regions varies for grain Zn concentration, pre-and post-anthesis Zn uptake, and transportation responses to different Zn application rates during the wheat growing season of 2023-2024.【Result】 The grain yield and yield components did not change with Zn application, but grain Zn concentration increased significantly. The biofortified target of 40.0 mg·kg^-1 and the highest of 51.7 and 80.7 mg·kg^-1 was achieved respectively in Sichuan and Anhui, but Shaanxi and Hebei could not, with the highest of 32.2 and 34.5 mg·kg^-1, respectively. For each 1.0 kg Zn·hm^-2 input, Zn uptake in pre-anthesis increased by 9.8, 7.4, 3.0, and 3.0 g·hm^-2 at Anhui, Sichuan, Hebei, and Shaanxi, respectively; Zn uptake in post-anthesis increased by 9.8, 8.3, and 0.97 g·hm^-2 at Sichuan, Anhui, and Hebei, respectively, but no significant increase was found in Shaanxi; Zn translocation in post-anthesis increased by 5.6 and 2.5 g·hm^-2 at Anhui and Shaanxi, respectively, and decreased by 1.6 g·hm^-2 at Sichuan, but no significant increase was found in Hebei. For the Zn uptake and translocation efficiencies, with each 1.0 kg Zn·hm^-2 input, the increase of 0.71, 0.53, 0.47, and decrease of 0.40 percentage points in pre-anthesis Zn uptake efficiency was observed at Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui and Sichuan, respectively; the decrease of 0.71, 0.53, 0.47, and increase of 0.40 percentage points in post-anthesis Zn uptake efficiency was observed at Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui and Sichuan, respectively; the decrease of 1.41 and 0.44 percentage points in post-anthesis Zn translocation efficiency was observed at Sichuan and Hebei, respectively, but not decrease in Shaanxi and Anhui; the decrease of 0.06 and 0.13 in anthesis Zn transfer index from root to shoot was observed at Sichuan and Anhui, respectively, but not decrease in Shaanxi and Hebei. 【Conclusion】 Wheat grain Zn biofortification was collectively influenced by Zn uptake and translocation processes. Compared with efficiencies of the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis Zn uptake, Zn uptake contribution, post-anthesis Zn translocation, and translocation contribution, the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis Zn uptake and translocation exhibited greater impacts by regions variations of wheat grain Zn concentration. Zn fertilization increased pre-anthesis and post-anthesis Zn uptake, while its effect on post-anthesis Zn translocation varied with regions. Compared with post-anthesis Zn translocation, the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis Zn uptake, exhibited greater impacts in wheat grain Zn concentration, particularly the post-anthesis Zn uptake. Therefore, enhancing the soil Zn supply capacity in main wheat production regions of China and promoting Zn uptake in wheat, particularly post-anthesis Zn uptake, could effectively increase grain Zn concentration and achieve the wheat Zn biofortification target.

Key words: wheat, Zn concentration, Zn uptake and translocation, soil Zn fertilization, Zn fertilizer

李文虎, 礼海风, 杜宇鹏, 丁玉兰, 罗一诺, 李宇珂, 佘文婷, 张丰, 滕宇, 张思琦, 黄翠, 李小涵, 刘金山, 王朝辉. 小麦锌吸收转移对土施锌肥响应的区域差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(5): 1034-1047.

LI WenHu, LI HaiFeng, DU YuPeng, DING YuLan, LUO YiNuo, LI YuKe, SHE WenTing, ZHANG Feng, TENG Yu, ZHANG SiQi, HUANG Cui, LI XiaoHan, LIU JinShan, WANG ZhaoHui. Regional Differences in Wheat Zinc Uptake and Translocation Responses to Soil Zinc Fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1034-1047.

图/表 8

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地点 Site	pH	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	矿质态氮 Mineral N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌 Available Zn (mg·kg^-1)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)
地点 Site	pH	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	矿质态氮 Mineral N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌 Available Zn (mg·kg^-1)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
陕西永寿 YS	8.08	13.7	0.9	15.5	8.6	147.1	0.97	180	100	75
河北柏乡 BX	8.19	18.7	1.1	11.4	12.8	111.1	2.15	150	128	38
四川梓潼 ZT	5.76	29.3	1.6	8.8	12.8	97.7	1.57	169	41	61
安徽舒城 SC	5.04	28.3	1.6	11.3	40.1	189.1	2.16	113	113	113

地点 Site	施锌量 Zn rate	开花期 Anthesis		成熟期 Harvest
地点 Site	施锌量 Zn rate	根向地上部转移 TF root-to-shoot	茎叶向穗转移 TF straw-to-spike	茎叶向颖壳转移 TF straw-to-chaff	颖壳向籽粒转移 TF chaff-to-grain
陕西永寿 YS	0	7.8a	0.63a	0.28b	13.5a
	6.8	7.7a	0.61ab	0.36ab	14.8a
	13.6	6.4a	0.53abc	0.44a	14.0a
	20.4	9.3a	0.45bc	0.45a	12.8a
	27.2	6.8a	0.43c	0.33ab	8.8b
河北柏乡BX	0	11.9a	0.51a	0.49a	8.2a
	6.8	11.5a	0.41ab	0.52a	6.1b
	13.6	11.0a	0.41ab	0.57a	5.0bc
	20.4	11.2a	0.35b	0.63a	4.5bc
	27.2	10.5a	0.39b	0.71a	4.4c
四川梓潼ZT	0	4.1a	0.43a	0.51a	15.4a
	6.8	4.0a	0.32b	0.50a	11.3b
	13.6	3.3ab	0.35ab	0.46ab	8.3c
	20.4	2.9ab	0.27b	0.39bc	6.6d
	27.2	2.6b	0.27b	0.35c	5.3d
安徽舒城SC	0	11.1a	0.39a	0.33c	14.9a
	6.8	7.8ab	0.24b	0.35bc	14.2ab
	13.6	7.4b	0.20bc	0.27c	12.1bc
	20.4	8.4ab	0.15c	0.42ab	10.6bc
	27.2	6.2b	0.16c	0.52a	12.6c
地点均值SA	陕西永寿YS	7.6B	0.53A	0.37B	12.8A
	河北柏乡BX	11.2A	0.41B	0.58A	5.6C
	四川梓潼ZT	3.4C	0.33C	0.44B	9.4B
	安徽舒城SC	8.2B	0.23C	0.38B	12.9A
施锌量均值ZPA	0	8.7a	0.38b	0.42b	9.6b
	6.8	7.7b	0.36c	0.46b	9.7b
	13.6	7.0c	0.42a	0.45a	9.2b
	20.4	8.0a	0.41a	0.52b	9.4b
	27.2	6.5c	0.36c	0.41a	12.0a

小麦锌吸收转移对土施锌肥响应的区域差异

Regional Differences in Wheat Zinc Uptake and Translocation Responses to Soil Zinc Fertilization

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