农作物分布格局动态变化的遥感监测——以东北三省为例

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.13.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】当前对涉及到耕地内部不同作物空间分布及其变化的研究较少。本文旨在探讨大尺度作物种植面积和分布格局遥感提取方法及景观生态学中景观格局指数在作物格局动态变化分析中的应用。【方法】基于2005年和2010年作物生育期内遥感影像全覆盖的MODIS-NDVI数据，利用RS、GIS技术，通过分析东北地区主要作物（水稻、玉米、大豆）的种植结构、物候历及NDVI曲线特征，建立不同作物面积遥感提取模型，提取大尺度农作物空间分布格局信息。同时，利用景观格局指数方法分析农作物格局动态变化特征和变化规律。【结果】与多年平均统计数据比较，基于MODIS遥感数据提取的作物面积信息，2005年和2010年平均精度达到了90%以上；5年间，东北地区主要作物种植结构发生了较大变化。其中大豆平均斑块面积减少，面积年动态度为-4.47%，水稻和玉米平均斑块面积均增加，且5年的变化幅度均超过20%。【结论】成本和收益是作物面积增加或减少的主要原因；用中等分辨率的遥感数据进行大尺度作物面积提取的方法是可行的；景观生态学中格局指数可以用来分析耕地内部作物格局的动态变化规律。

关键词: 遥感 , NDVI , 格局变化 , 水稻 , 春玉米 , 大豆 , 东北

Abstract: 【Objective】Recently, researches on identifications and dynamic changes of landscapes and land use types by using remote sensing techniques have been a hot topic. However, the vast majority of studies have taken farmland as a “single” land type; the spatial distribution and variation of different crops inside the farmland have been neglected. This paper aims to explore the extraction methods of large scale crop acreage and distribution pattern by using remote sensing and the application of landscape pattern indices in crop pattern dynamics. 【Method】 Based on the full coverage MODIS images and NDVI data during the crop growing periods of 2005 and 2010, by analyzing the planting structure, phenology calendar and NDVI time series curve characteristics, different area extracting models were established and were used to extract the spatial distribution of main crops (spring maize, soybean and paddy) by using RS and GIS techniques in Northeast China. Meanwhile, some landscape pattern indices were used to describe the characteristics and rules of crop pattern dynamic changes.【Result】Compared with the average statistical data of several years, the overall areas extraction accuracies of these two years were more than 90%. The main crop planting structure changed a lot from 2005 to 2010 in Northeast China. Soybean area decreased obviously, its dynamic degree reached -4.47%, and the average patch area reduced by 0.05 km2. Change range of paddy and spring maize reached 22.37% and 22.82%, respectively, during the 5 years. And the average patch area also increased. 【Conclusion】 Increasing planting costs and decreasing relative benefits were main reasons for these changes. It is technically feasible for large scale crop acreage extraction by using medium resolution remote sensing data. Landscape ecology pattern index can be used to analyze crop pattern dynamic changes.

Key words: remote sensing , NDVI , pattern change , paddy , spring maize , soybean , Northeast China

黄青, 唐华俊, 吴文斌, 李丹丹, 刘佳. 农作物分布格局动态变化的遥感监测——以东北三省为例[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(13): 2668-2676.

HUANG Qing, TANG Hua-Jun, WU Wen-Bin, LI Dan-Dan, LIU Jia. Remote Sensing Based Dynamic Changes Analysis of Crop Distribution Pattern —Taking Northeast China as an Example[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(13): 2668-2676.

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