砂姜黑土区小麦玉米秸秆全量还田对玉米抗倒性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨砂姜黑土区小麦玉米秸秆全量还田对夏玉米抗倒性能的影响。【方法】以夏玉米品种郑单958为材料，通过定位试验研究小麦玉米秸秆全量还田对玉米抗倒性能的影响。【结果】小麦或玉米秸秆全量还田均能提高玉米气生根条数、0—30 cm土层根条数及根系干重，同时，玉米株高和单株鲜重均有所增加。秸秆还田后，在吐丝期和灌浆中期，玉米茎秆基部3—7节间的长度、直径、干重和单位茎长干物质重有增加的趋势，尤其是基部节间的茎秆压碎强度和穿刺强度显著提高。另外，玉米的根倒伏系数显著降低，而植株抗倒指数则显著升高。相关分析表明，根倒伏系数与根倒率显著正相关，而与单株鲜重、根系干重和基3节压碎强度显著负相关。玉米总倒折率与节间长度极显著正相关，而与节间干重、充实度、压碎强度和穿刺强度显著负相关。【结论】小麦玉米秸秆连续全量还田可以显著降低夏玉米的根倒率和茎折率，提高籽粒产量。

关键词: 夏玉米, 砂姜黑土, 秸秆还田, 抗倒性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to study the effects of straw returned to the field on lodging resistance of maize in lime concretion black soil region. 【Method】 Maize cultivar Zhengdan 958 was grown in this plot experiment to investigate the effects of straw returned to the field on lodging resistance of maize. 【Result】 The results showed that wheat or maize straw returned to the field could increase aerial root number, root number in 0-30 cm soil layer and root weight, so as the plant height and fresh weight of maize. After straw returning, the length, diameter, dry weight and ratio of dry weight to length of internodes from bottom 3rd to 7th were increased especially the stalk crash strength and stalk rind penetrain strength of bottom internodes were significantly increased at silking and filling stage. In addition, the root lodging coefficients were a significantly decreased while the lodging resistance indexes were significantly increased. The correlation coefficient showed that there was significant positive correlation between root lodging coefficient and root lodging percentage while there was a negative significant correlation among root lodging coefficient, fresh weight, root weight and stalk crash strength of bottom 3rd internode. The relation between total lodging percentage and internode length was a very significant post ive correlation while that among total lodging percentage and the dry weight, plumpness, crash strength and rind penetrain strength of internodes were a significant negative correlation. 【Conclusion】Therefore, under the condition of wheat and maize straw returned to the field, the root lodging percentage and stalk breaking percentage of maize would be decreased while the grain yield would be increased.

Key words: summer maize, lime concretion black soil, straw returned to the field, lodging-resistance

沈学善, 李金才, 屈会娟, 魏凤珍, 张一, 武文明. 砂姜黑土区小麦玉米秸秆全量还田对玉米抗倒性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(10): 2005-2012.

SHEN Xue-Shan, LI Jin-Cai, QU Hui-Juan, WEI Feng-Zhen, ZHANG Yi, WU Wen-Ming. Effects of Wheat and Maize Straw Returned to the Field on Lodging Resistance of Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(10): 2005-2012.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I10/2005

参考文献

[1]丰光, 黄长玲, 刑锦丰. 玉米抗倒伏的研究进展. 作物杂志, 2008(4): 12-14.

Feng G, Huang C L, Xing J F. The research progress in lodging resistance of maize. Crops, 2008(4): 12-14. (in Chinese)

[2]Norberg O S, Mason S C, Lowry S R. Ethephon influence on harvestable yield, grain quality, and lodging of corn. Agronomy Journal, 1988, 80: 768-772.

[3]刘胜群, 宋凤斌, 王燕. 玉米根系性状与地上部性状的相关性研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 1-6.

Liu S Q, Song F B, Wang Y. Correlations between characters of roots and those of aerial parts of maize varieties. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2007, 29(1): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[4]李宁, 翟志席, 李建民, 吴佩波, 段留生, 李召虎. 密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2008, 16(5): 98-102.

Li N, Zhai Z X, Li J M, Wu P B, Duan L S, Li Z H. Effects of planting density on agricultural characters, root system characters and yield of different maize plant types. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2008, 16(5): 98-102. (in Chinese)

[5]李得孝, 康宏, 员海燕. 作物抗倒伏性研究方法. 陕西农业科学, 2001(7): 20-22.

Li D X, Kang N, Yuan H Y. Lodging resistance method of crop. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Scineces, 2001(7): 20-22. (in Chinese)

[6]贾志森, 白永新. 玉米自交系抗倒伏鉴定研究. 作物品种资源, 1992(3): 30-32.

Jia Z S, Bai Y X. Identification of lodging resistance in inbred lines corn. Corp Germplasm Resources, 1992(3): 30-32. (in Chinese)

[7]李景安, 冯芬芬. 3yc－1型玉米根茬拔出测力仪、3yJ－1型玉米茎秆硬度计研究报告. 玉米科学, 1994, 2(4): 76-78.

Li J A, Feng F F. Research report about 3yc－1 dynamometer of pullout the corn stubble and 3yJ－1 hardness tester of corn stalk. Maize Science, 1994, 2(4): 76-78. (in Chinese)

[8]袁志华, 冯宝萍, 赵安庆, 梁爱琴. 作物茎秆抗倒伏的力学分析及综合评价探讨. 农业工程学报, 2002, 18(6): 30-31.

Yuan Z H, Feng B P, Zhao A Q, Liang A Q. Dynamic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of crop-stem lodging resistance. Transactions of the CSAE, 2002, 18(6): 30-31. (in Chinese)

[9]郭玉明, 袁红梅, 阴妍, 梁莉, 李红波. 茎秆作物抗倒伏生物力学评价研究及关联分析. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(7): 14-18.

Cuo Y M, Yuan H M, Yin Y, Liang L, Li H B. Biomechanical evaluation and grey relational analysis of lodging resistance of stald crops. Transactions of the CSAE, 2007, 23(7): 14-18 (in Chinese)

[10]勾玲, 黄建军, 张宾, 李涛, 孙锐, 赵明. 群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响. 作物学报, 2007, 33(10): 1688-1695.

Gou L, Huang J J, Zhang B, Li T, Sun R, Zhao M. Effects of population density on stalk lodging resistant mechanism and agronomic characteristics of maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(10): 1688-1695. (in Chinese)

[11]勾玲, 赵明, 黄建军, 张宾, 李涛, 孙锐. 玉米茎秆弯曲性能与抗倒能力的研究. 作物学报, 2008, 34(4): 653-661.

Gou L, Zhao M, Huang J J, Zhang B, Li T, Sun R. Dynamic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of crop-stem lodging resistance. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(4): 653-661. (in Chinese)

[12]Kang M S, Din A K, Zhang Y D, Magari R. Combining ability for rind puncture resistance in maize. Crop Science, 1999, 39: 368-371.

[13]Dudley J W. Selection for rind puncture resistance in two maize population. Crop Science, 1994, 34: 1458-1460.

[14]詹其厚, 张效扑, 袁朝良. 秸秆还田改良砂姜黑土的效果及其机理研究. 安徽农业大学学报, 2002, 29(1): 53-59.

Zhan Q H, Zhang X P, Yuan C L. Study on amelioration effect and mechanism of returning straw into vertisol. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2002, 29(1): 53-59. (in Chinese)

[15]谭德水, 金继运, 黄邵文, 李书田, 何萍. 不同种植制度下长期施钾与秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤钾素的影响. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(1): 133-139.

Tan D S, Jin J Y, Huang S W, Li S T, He P. Effect of long-term application of K fertilizer and wheat straw to soil on crop yield and soil K under different planting systems. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(1): 133-139. (in Chinese)

[16]刘立晶, 高焕文, 李洪文. 玉米-小麦一年两熟保护性耕作体系试验研究. 农业工程学报, 2004, 20(3): 71-73.

Liu L J, Gao H W, Li H W. Conservation tillage for corn-wheat two crops a year region. Transactions of the CSAE, 2004, 20(3): 71-73. (in Chinese)

[17]付国占, 李潮海, 王俊忠, 王振林, 曹鸿鸣, 焦念元, 陈明灿. 残茬覆盖与耕作方式对土壤性状及夏玉米水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(1): 52-55.

Fu G Z, Li C H, Wang J Z, Wang Z L, Cao H M, Jiao N Y, Chen M C. Effects of stubble mulch and tillage managements on soil physical properties and water use efficiency of summer maize. Transactions of the CSAE, 2005, 21(1): 52-55. (in Chinese)

[18]陈素英, 张喜英, 胡春胜, 刘孟雨. 秸秆覆盖对夏玉米生长过程及水分利用的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002, 20(4): 55-57, 66.

Chen S Y, Zhang X Y, Hu C S, Liu M Y. Research on the spatial variability of soil water and salt and rational sampling number. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(4): 55-57, 66. (in Chinese)

[19]王启现, 王璞, 王秀玲, 鲁来清. 麦茬管理对夏玉米幼苗生长及产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2003, 11(2): 89-92.

Wang Q X, Wang P, Wang X L, Lu L Q. Influences of different managements of winter wheat residues on seeding growth and grain yield of summer corn. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2003, 11(2): 89-92. (in Chinese)

[20]许海涛, 王友华, 许波, 张海申. 小麦秸秆覆盖对夏玉米干物质生产及主要性状的影响. 作物杂志, 2008(6): 45-48.

Xu H T, Wang Y H, Xu B, Zhang H S. Effect of wheat straw mulch on dry matter production and major characters of summer maize. Crops, 2008(6): 45-48. (in Chinese)

[21]李潮海, 赵霞, 刘天学, 康伯铭. 麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(1): 162-166.

Li C H, Zhao X, Liu T X, Kang B M. Effects of different treatments of winter wheat residues on eco-physiological responses of mechanized sowing summer maize（Zea mays L.）. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(1): 162-166. (in Chinese)

[22]杨春收, 赵霞, 李潮海, 刘天学, 刘京宝. 麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米播种质量及其前期生长的影响. 河南农业科学, 2009(1): 25-27, 30.

Yang C S, Zhao X, Li C H, Liu T X, Liu J B. Effects of different treatments of winter wheat residues on planting quality and early-stage growth of summer maize(Zea mays L.). Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2009(1): 25-27, 30. (in Chinese)

[23]沈学善, 李金才, 屈会娟. 不同麦秸还田方式对夏玉米性状及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2010, 15(3): 35-40.

Shen X S, Li J C, Qu H J. Effects of different treatments of wheat straw on characteristics and water use efficience of summer maize. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2010, 15(3): 35-40. (in Chinese)

[24]王莹, 王建林. 大麦根倒伏抗性评价方法及其倒伏系数的通径分析. 作物学报, 2001, 27(6): 941-945.

Wang Y, Wang J L. Evaluation method of root lodging resistance and its path analysis in barley. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27(6): 941-945. (in Chinese)

[25]魏凤珍, 李金才, 王成雨, 屈会娟, 沈学善. 氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(6): 1080-1085.

Wei F Z，Li J C，Wang C Y，Qu H J，Shen X S. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(6): 1080-1085. (in Chinese)