茶树不同亲本及F1子代多酚类成分多样性和基因型分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1760-1774.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.012

茶树不同亲本及F₁子代多酚类成分多样性和基因型分析

姚林¹^,²^,³(), 彭律文¹^,²^,³, 阳虹¹^,²^,³, 饶佳怡¹^,²^,³, 高浩然¹^,²^,³, 陶芊伊¹^,²^,³, 谢念祠², 陈莹玉², 李赛君²^,^*(), 刘硕谦¹^,³^,^*(), 黄飞毅²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ 湖南农业大学园艺学院，长沙 410128
² 湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心湖南分中心/国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃（长沙），长沙 410000
³ 岳麓山实验室，长沙 410000
⁴ 湖南省微生物研究所，长沙 410007

收稿日期:2025-12-01 接受日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-04-16 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
李赛君，E-mail：hnhjhlsj@126.com。
刘硕谦，E-mail：shuoqianliu@hunau.edu.cn。
黄飞毅，E-mail：hncyshfy@hunaas.cn
联系方式: 姚林，E-mail：2476295857@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基因区域联合基金重点项目(U22A20500); 湖南省农科科技创新资金(2024CX22); 岳麓山实验室项目(2024RC2079)

Polyphenolic Diversity and Genotypic Analysis of Tea Plants with Different Parents and Their F₁ Progeny

YAO Lin¹^,²^,³(), PENG LüWen¹^,²^,³, YANG Hong¹^,²^,³, RAO JiaYi¹^,²^,³, GAO HaoRan¹^,²^,³, TAO QianYi¹^,²^,³, XIE NianCi², CHEN YingYu², LI SaiJun²^,^*(), LIU ShuoQian¹^,³^,^*(), HUANG FeiYi²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
² Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Tea Plant Improvement Centre Hunan Branch/National Small-Leaf Tea Germplasm Resource Nursery (Changsha), Changsha 410000
³ Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Changsha 410000
⁴ Hunan Provincial Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410007

Received:2025-12-01 Accepted:2026-01-27 Published:2026-04-16 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同茶树亲本和F₁子代多酚类物质的遗传多样性，以及不同杂交组合多酚类物质的差异性和基因型的群体结构、亲缘关系，为亲本选配和品质改良的杂交育种提供参考。【方法】以12份不同亲本和87份F₁子代茶树资源为试验材料，于2024—2025年测定12个多酚类物质指标，运用系统聚类、杂交组合差异分析、群体结构分析等方法进行多维度评价。【结果】多酚类物质变异系数为14.50%—89.34%，其中，小木麻黄素（STR）、1,2,6-三没食子酰基葡萄糖（1,2,6-TGG）、表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯（EGCG3"Me）、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）和儿茶素没食子酸酯（CG）的变异系数较高，分别为89.34%、66.45%、64.22%、59.34%和58.12%。香农维纳指数为1.86—4.57，其中，表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、三没食子酰基奎宁酸（TH）和没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）的香农维纳指数较高，分别为4.57、4.45和4.23。多酚类物质的差异性分析中，‘保靖黄金茶1号’和‘安徽1号’F₁子代的儿茶素没食子酸酯（CG）和三没食子酰基奎宁酸（TH）的含量均高于双亲，且表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯（EGCG3"Me）与亲本趋势较为一致。通过多酚类物质聚类分析，将99份资源分为5个类群，第Ⅰ类群含49份资源，第Ⅱ类群含26份资源，第Ⅲ类群含20份资源，第Ⅳ类群和第Ⅴ类群各含2份资源。基于SNP位点的群体结构分析，将12份亲本和87份F₁子代分为3个类群，类群Ⅰ包含46份资源，类群Ⅱ包含31份资源，类群Ⅲ包含22份资源，其中，类群Ⅰ全部由亲本‘保靖黄金茶1号’及其为父本（♂）的F₁子代组成。3个类群的遗传多样性水平接近。亲缘关系分析结果显示，F₁子代与其父本（♂）的亲缘关系更近。【结论】99份茶树资源具有丰富的遗传多样性；CG和TH可能存在超亲的杂种优势，EGCG3"Me在亲本与子代间的含量较为一致；生化成分聚类可将99份茶树资源分为5个类群，基于SNP的群体结构将其分为3个类群且遗传水平接近；在基因组水平上，多数杂交组合的F₁子代与其父本表现出更高的相似性。

关键词: 茶树, 杂交, 多酚类成分, 基因型, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the genetic diversity of polyphenolic compounds in tea plant parents and their F₁ progeny, and to elucidate variations in polyphenolic composition among different hybrid combinations, as well as the population structure and genetic relationships of their genotypes, thereby providing support for parental selection and quality improvement in tea plant breeding.【Method】Twelve parental tea plant samples and 87 F₁ progenies were used as experimental materials. Twelve polyphenolic polyphenolic indices were determined during 2024-2025, and multidimensional evaluations were performed using methods including systematic clustering, hybrid combination difference analysis, and population structure analysis. 【Result】The coefficients of variation for polyphenols varied between 14.50% and 89.34%. Notably, Strictinin (STR), 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose (1,2,6-TGG), epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and catechin gallate (CG) exhibited high coefficients of variation of 89.34%, 66.45%, 64.22%, 59.34%, and 58.12%, respectively. The Shannon Wiener indices ranged from 1.86 to 4.57, with the highest indices observed for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), trigalloyl quinuclidinic acid (TH), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG), which were 4.57, 4.45, and 4.23, respectively. In the differential analysis of polyphenolic compounds, the F₁ progeny resulting from the cross between HJC and AH demonstrated higher levels of catechin gallate (CG) and trigalloylquinic acid (TH) compared to both parental lines. While the levels of epicatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3"Me) were consistent with those of the parents. Using polyphenol cluster analysis, the 99 samples were grouped into five clusters: Group Ⅰ contained 49 samples, Group Ⅱ contained 26 samples, Group Ⅲ contained 20 samples, and Group Ⅳ and Ⅴ each contained 2 samples. Analysis of population structure based on SNP loci classified the 12 parental lines and 87 F₁ offspring into three groups: Group Ⅰ comprised 46 accessions, Group Ⅱ comprised 31 accessions, and Group Ⅲ comprised 22 accessions. Notably, Group Ⅰ consisted entirely of the parental line HJC and its F₁offspring sired by this male parent. The levels of genetic diversity among the three groups were similar. The results of the kinship analysis show that the F₁ offspring are more closely related to their paternal parent (♂).【Conclusion】The 99 tea plant accessions exhibited rich genetic diversity. Biochemical component-based clustering divided the 99 tea plant accessions into five groups. CG and TH may exhibit overdominant heterosis, while EGCG3"Me exhibited a largely consistent accumulation pattern between the parental lines and their F₁progeny, with no evident transgressive segregation or pronounced non-additive effects. Biochemical profiling grouped the 99 tea accessions into five groups, while SNP-based population structure identified three genetically similar subpopulations. Genome-wide analyses also revealed that, in the majority of crosses, F₁ progeny exhibited greater similarity to the paternal parent.

Key words: tea plants, hybridisation, polyphenolic constituents, genotype, genetic diversity

姚林, 彭律文, 阳虹, 饶佳怡, 高浩然, 陶芊伊, 谢念祠, 陈莹玉, 李赛君, 刘硕谦, 黄飞毅. 茶树不同亲本及F₁子代多酚类成分多样性和基因型分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1760-1774.

YAO Lin, PENG LüWen, YANG Hong, RAO JiaYi, GAO HaoRan, TAO QianYi, XIE NianCi, CHEN YingYu, LI SaiJun, LIU ShuoQian, HUANG FeiYi. Polyphenolic Diversity and Genotypic Analysis of Tea Plants with Different Parents and Their F₁ Progeny[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1760-1774.

图/表 15

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表4

不同类群间多酚类物质的比较"

生化成分 Biochemical components	第Ⅰ类群Group Ⅰ	变异系数CV (%)	第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ	变异系数CV (%)	第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ	变异系数CV (%)	第Ⅳ类群Group Ⅳ	变异系数CV (%)	第Ⅴ类群Group Ⅴ	变异系数CV (%)
没食子儿茶素GC (mg·g^-1)	2.01±0.69	38.31	2.30±0.84	36.02	2.27±0.68	29.15	3.03±0.46	15.13	2.19±0.39	17.75
表没食子儿茶素 EGC (mg·g^-1)	12.07±3.78	37.53	16.41±6.03	37.71	14.84±4.80	34.91	10.60±2.09	19.68	31.64±1.57	4.95
儿茶素C (mg·g^-1)	1.21±0.42	34.92	1.22±0.40	34.88	1.47±0.51	34.23	1.50±0.36	24.13	1.85±0.56	30.26
表儿茶素EC (mg·g^-1)	5.37±1.31	28.28	5.85±1.55	30.51	5.52±1.64	31.02	4.66±0.28	6.07	10.18±2.18	21.43
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG^* (mg·g^-1)	83.35±9.28	14.99	106.41±10.65	10.96	98.24±10.26	11.52	102.43±3.81	3.72	98.08±0.62	0.63
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 GCG (mg·g^-1)	27.75±5.24	60.93	27.61±5.12	67.86	29.34±6.56	65.41	33.34±2.05	24.08	31.35±6.18	69.60
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 ECG (mg·g^-1)	11.68±5.88	19.25	10.23±6.50	19.91	11.69±7.07	21.74	34.46±8.30	6.15	7.44±5.18	21.74
儿茶素没食子酸酯 CG (mg·g^-1)	1.17±0.64	59.13	0.75±0.61	82.35	1.17±0.53	54.31	1.31±0.07	5.00	0.26±0.05	18.24
小木麻黄素STR (mg·g^-1)	5.78±4.09	69.91	6.97±5.22	68.38	6.97±3.65	56.91	1.35±0.67	49.45	5.41±5.91	109.43
三没食子酰基奎宁酸 TH^* (mg·g^-1)	56.39±8.65	18.55	54.67±7.03	13.40	78.42±6.17	9.22	90.94±3.93	3.22	34.68±9.53	27.49
1,2,6-三没食子酰基葡萄糖 1,2,6-TGG^* (mg·g^-1)	0.73±0.41	61.73	1.17±1.01	100.00	0.72±0.31	42.47	0.77±0.26	33.84	2.03±0.13	6.39
表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基) 没食子酸酯 EGCG3"Me (mg·g^-1)	2.15±1.19	49.78	2.20±1.40	61.33	2.26±1.33	55.36	1.69±0.08	4.94	2.79±2.69	94.40
酯型儿茶素 Ester catechins^* (mg·g^-1)	123.94±11.52	9.26	145.00±13.74	9.47	140.44±15.22	10.84	171.54±6.60	3.85	137.14±0.69	0.50
非酯型儿茶素 Non-ester catechins (mg·g^-1)	20.66±5.23	25.41	25.78±7.38	28.63	24.10±6.72	27.88	19.79±3.19	16.12	45.86±1.10	2.40
儿茶素总量 Total catechins^* (mg·g^-1)	144.61±13.49	9.31	170.79±15.91	9.31	164.54±17.07	10.37	191.33±3.42	1.79	183.00±1.79	0.98

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表6

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生化成分 Biochemical components	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	香农维纳指数 H'
没食子儿茶素GC (mg·g^-1)	1.00	4.90	2.16	0.74	37.05	3.91
表没食子儿茶素EGC (mg·g^-1)	1.23	32.75	14.13	5.56	44.33	4.12
儿茶素C (mg·g^-1)	0.29	2.75	1.29	0.45	32.15	3.88
表儿茶素EC (mg·g^-1)	2.99	11.72	5.61	1.59	31.20	4.01
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG (mg·g^-1)	62.50	129.13	93.10	13.92	16.28	4.57
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯GCG (mg·g^-1)	1.47	28.60	11.67	7.06	59.34	4.23
表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG (mg·g^-1)	14.70	39.64	28.22	5.49	24.50	4.18
儿茶素没食子酸酯CG (mg·g^-1)	0.09	2.98	1.04	0.63	58.12	3.26
小木麻黄STR (mg·g^-1)	0.70	18.03	6.24	4.35	89.34	3.57
三没食子酰基奎宁酸TH (mg·g^-1)	27.94	93.01	60.65	13.16	20.18	4.45
1,2,6-三没食子酰基葡萄糖1,2,6-TGG (mg·g^-1)	0.02	5.28	0.87	0.66	66.45	2.99
表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me (mg·g^-1)	0.30	6.53	2.19	1.27	64.22	3.35
酯型儿茶素Ester catechins (mg·g^-1)	101.20	176.21	133.92	17.11	15.00	2.18
非酯型儿茶素Non-ester catechins (mg·g^-1)	8.75	49.82	23.78	7.84	33.33	1.86
儿茶素总量Total catechins (mg·g^-1)	118.85	200.52	157.56	19.12	14.50	2.20
平均值Mean					40.40	3.52

生化成分 Biochemical components	父本 Paternal parent HJC (♂)	母本Maternal parent (♀)					杂交组合Hybrid combination (♀×♂)
生化成分 Biochemical components	父本 Paternal parent HJC (♂)	BXZ	AH	FD	BHZ	TGY	BXZ×HJC	AH×HJC	FD×HJC	BHZ×HJC	TGY×HJC
没食子儿茶素GC (mg·g^-1)	1.91	1.78	2.18	1.12	1.68	2.13	2.03	2.45	1.80	1.84	2.50
表没食子儿茶素EGC (mg·g^-1)	32.75	18.85	5.11	20.32	25.51	13.95	13.42	12.94	12.93	12.00	17.68
儿茶素C (mg·g^-1)	1.46	0.45	0.29	1.08	1.11	1.24	1.51	1.48	1.13	1.09	1.18
表儿茶素EC (mg·g^-1)	8.64	5.56	3.96	7.70	9.75	4.71	5.66	5.81	5.35	5.59	5.06
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 EGCG (mg·g^-1)	98.52	123.39	119.62	112.29	96.94	129.13	90.55	93.36	83.32	85.96	97.16
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 GCG (mg·g^-1)	11.10	6.85	12.99	7.11	9.83	4.31	14.09	18.27	15.78	8.49	6.64
表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG (mg·g^-1)	26.54	25.63	22.4	30.21	28.13	21.43	31.33	27.91	26.90	29.27	21.82
儿茶素没食子酸酯CG (mg·g^-1)	0.30	0.12	0.30	0.77	0.52	0.26	1.17	1.15	0.80	1.24	0.76
小木麻黄素STR (mg·g^-1)	1.23	3.91	13.39	8.01	14.18	4.95	3.98	3.17	2.66	5.28	3.48
三没食子酰基奎宁酸TH (mg·g^-1)	41.43	47.14	49.32	50.93	45.82	41.26	66.94	61.58	55.21	58.70	59.77
1,2,6-三没食子酰基葡萄糖1,2,6-TGG (mg·g^-1)	2.12	0.04	1.43	5.28	1.45	0.82	0.71	0.96	0.54	0.71	0.82
表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基) 没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me (mg·g^-1)	0.89	0.92	2.25	1.28	0.45	1.70	1.80	1.71	1.26	1.73	3.05

生化成分 Biochemical components	母本 Maternal parent AH (♀)	父本Paternal parent (♂)				杂交组合Hybrid combination (♀×♂)
生化成分 Biochemical components	母本 Maternal parent AH (♀)	WLZ	YS	HJC	LJCY	AH×WLZ	AH×YS	AH×HJC	AH×LJCY
没食子儿茶素GC (mg·g^-1)	2.18	2.46	1.68	1.91	1.58	1.92	3.50	2.45	3.15
表没食子儿茶素EGC (mg·g^-1)	5.11	30.53	21.29	32.75	18.48	20.51	17.95	12.92	10.91
儿茶素C (mg·g^-1)	0.29	2.25	1.39	1.46	1.52	1.38	1.61	1.48	1.71
表儿茶素EC (mg·g^-1)	3.96	11.71	7.38	8.64	5.92	6.98	7.38	5.81	5.30
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯EGCG (mg·g^-1)	119.62	97.65	118.36	98.52	105.87	101.43	94.12	93.36	86.13
没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯GCG (mg·g^-1)	12.99	3.77	17.98	11.10	11.48	12.23	8.94	18.27	12.66
表儿茶素没食子酸酯ECG (mg·g^-1)	22.40	36.17	32.00	26.54	35.55	30.42	31.46	27.91	32.01
儿茶素没食子酸酯CG (mg·g^-1)	0.30	0.23	0.45	0.30	0.55	2.22	1.62	1.15	1.51
小木麻黄素STR (mg·g^-1)	13.39	9.59	12.80	1.23	14.14	14.75	6.50	3.17	13.16
三没食子酰基奎宁酸TH (mg·g^-1)	49.32	27.94	57.13	41.43	49.26	51.74	59.94	61.58	59.36
1,2,6-三没食子酰基葡萄糖 1,2,6-TGG (mg·g^-1)	1.43	1.94	0.02	2.12	1.25	0.99	1.48	0.96	0.95
表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯EGCG3"Me (mg·g^-1)	2.25	4.70	0.30	0.89	3.25	3.91	2.61	1.71	2.73

群体Group	统计值Statistical value	观测杂合度Ho	核苷酸多样性Pi	次要等位基因频率MAF	Tajima D
类群I GroupⅠ	均值Mean	0.3593	0.3347	0.2438	1.4076
	范围Scope	0.2722-0.4682	0.0217-0.5072	0.0109-0.4891	1.7320-4.1697
	标准差Standard deviation	0.0366	0.1479	0.1398	1.0458
类群Ⅱ GroupⅡ	均值Mean	0.333	0.3567	0.2601	1.4692
	范围Scope	0.2222-0.4575	0.0323-0.5128	0.0161-0.4839	1.6765-3.7968
	标准差Standard deviation	0.0458	0.1384	0.1352	0.9778
类群Ⅲ GroupⅢ	均值Mean	0.3514	0.3612	0.2605	1.3231
	范围Scope	0.2813-0.4039	0.0455-0.5185	0.0227-0.4773	1.9984-3.5123
	标准差Standard deviation	0.0313	0.1395	0.1345	0.9295

亲本 Progenitor	杂交组合Hybrid combination (♀×♂)
亲本 Progenitor	BXZ×HJC	FD×HJC	TGY×HJC	BHZ×HJC	AH×HJC	AH×WLZ	AH×YS	AH×LJCY
HJC	0.212605	0.23019	0.293631	0.172983	0.236611	-0.28373	-0.21252	-0.27177
BXZ	0.015267	0.054041	-0.1455	-0.14531	-0.16359	-0.04902	0.029275	-0.06216
FD	-0.04485	0.168739	-0.28169	-0.06509	-0.22244	-0.00501	-0.01567	-0.02824
TGY	-0.17103	-0.18002	0.227238	-0.1377	-0.12389	0.051176	-0.00375	0.057699
BHZ	-0.12608	-0.04959	-0.19383	0.196244	-0.15651	0.189376	0.128366	0.074549
AH	-0.07723	-0.11747	-0.03005	-0.10445	0.122742	0.175107	0.100038	0.20454
WLZ	-0.1396	-0.13541	-0.07616	-0.07392	-0.01897	0.308916	0.146261	0.222057
YS	-0.09951	-0.06611	-0.12021	0.04361	-0.06821	0.081748	0.119565	0.066444
LJCY	-0.16854	-0.16633	-0.10071	-0.10107	-0.0772	0.147376	0.069976	0.446203

茶树不同亲本及F₁子代多酚类成分多样性和基因型分析

Polyphenolic Diversity and Genotypic Analysis of Tea Plants with Different Parents and Their F₁ Progeny

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