紫皮石斛茎、叶、花的成分和功能活性分析及代谢组学研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1775-1796.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.013

紫皮石斛茎、叶、花的成分和功能活性分析及代谢组学研究

岳楠栋¹(), 蒋丙婷¹, 聂景贵¹, 方越¹, 唐军荣¹, 乐振声¹, 周莹², 李能波², 何霞红¹^,^*(), 张雪春¹^,^*()

¹ 西南林业大学云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室/生物与食品工程学院/云南省高校大健康类森林资源开发利用工程研究中心，昆明 650224
² 龙陵县石斛研究所，云南保山 678300

收稿日期:2025-10-02 接受日期:2026-02-02 出版日期:2026-04-21 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
何霞红，E-mail：hxh@swfu.edu.cn。
张雪春，E-mail：zhangxuechun@swfu.edu.cn
联系方式: 岳楠栋，E-mail：1623845252@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家中药材产业技术体系项目(CARS-21); 云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202501BD070001-082); 云南省院士专家工作站(202405AF140094); 云南省院士专家工作站(202505AF350071); 龙陵县农民院士科技服务站资助项目(云科协联[2023]9号); 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0166); 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0221)

Analysis of Chemical Components, Functional Activities and Metabolomics of Stems, Leaves and Flowers of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.

YUE NanDong¹(), JIANG BingTing¹, NIE JingGui¹, FANG Yue¹, TANG JunRong¹, YUE ZhenSheng¹, ZHOU Ying², LI NengBo², HE XiaHong¹^,^*(), ZHANG XueChun¹^,^*()

¹ Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
² Institute of Caulis Dendrobii of Longling County, Baoshan 678300, Yunnan

Received:2025-10-02 Accepted:2026-02-02 Published:2026-04-21 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评价紫皮石斛茎、叶、花提取物的化学成分、体外抗氧化及降血糖活性，并基于代谢组学揭示其活性差异的物质基础，为紫皮石斛资源的高值化开发和功能食品制备提供理论依据。【方法】以紫皮石斛的茎、叶和花为材料，采用不同浓度乙醇（0、60%、100%）进行提取，测定其总糖、总酚、总黄酮含量，并评估DPPH、ABTS⁺清除能力、铁还原能力（FRAP）及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）定量分析酚类成分，结合非靶向代谢组学技术比较不同部位代谢物组成，通过偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）和KEGG通路富集分析筛选关键差异代谢物及代谢通路。【结果】紫皮石斛茎提取物中总糖含量最高，而花提取物总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性均显著高于茎和叶。60%乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量和ABTS⁺清除能力、FRAP值最强，100%乙醇提取物的总酚含量和DPPH清除能力最高。花和叶的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力优于茎。HPLC分析共鉴定出11种酚类化合物，其中60%乙醇提取物中种类最多、含量最高。代谢组学共鉴定出1 859种代谢物，其中1 051种为差异代谢物，脂质、有机酸及其衍生物等类别的代谢物与抗氧化和降血糖活性显著相关。【结论】紫皮石斛茎、叶、花均具有显著的抗氧化和降血糖活性，其活性差异与提取溶剂及部位密切相关。花表现出最优的综合生物活性。

关键词: 紫皮石斛, 抗氧化活性, α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力, 高效液相色谱, 非靶向代谢组学

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic activity of extracts from the stems, leaves, and flowers of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. (D. devonianum), to elucidate the metabolic basis underlying differences in bioactivity using metabolomics, and to provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of D. devonianum resources and the development of functional foods.【Method】Stems, leaves, and flowers of D. devonianum were extracted using varying concentrations of ethanol (0, 60%, and 100%). The content of total sugars, total phenolics, and total flavonoids were determined. Antioxidant activities including DPPH, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging capacities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were assessed, along with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to quantify phenolic compounds. Untargeted metabolomics, combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, was performed to compare metabolic profiles and identify key differential metabolites and pathways among the different plant parts.【Result】Stem extracts exhibited the highest total sugar content, whereas flower extracts demonstrated significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as stronger antioxidant activities, than stems and leaves. Within the same plant part, the 60% ethanol extract had the highest total flavonoid content, ABTS⁺ scavenging capacity, and FRAP value, while the 100% ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging capacity. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of flowers and leaves were superior to those of stems. HPLC analysis identified 11 phenolic compounds, with the 60% ethanol extract containing the greatest variety and the highest concentration within the same plant part. Metabolomics identified 1 859 metabolites, of which 1 051 were differential metabolites. Metabolite classes such as lipids, organic acids, and their derivatives were significantly correlated with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities.【Conclusion】The stems, leaves, and flowers of D. devonianum all possessed significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, which were closely related to plant part and extraction solvent. The flowers exhibited the strongest overall bioactivity.

Key words: Dendrobium devonianum Paxt., antioxidant activity, α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, HPLC, untargeted metabolomics

岳楠栋, 蒋丙婷, 聂景贵, 方越, 唐军荣, 乐振声, 周莹, 李能波, 何霞红, 张雪春. 紫皮石斛茎、叶、花的成分和功能活性分析及代谢组学研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1775-1796.

YUE NanDong, JIANG BingTing, NIE JingGui, FANG Yue, TANG JunRong, YUE ZhenSheng, ZHOU Ying, LI NengBo, HE XiaHong, ZHANG XueChun. Analysis of Chemical Components, Functional Activities and Metabolomics of Stems, Leaves and Flowers of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1775-1796.

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名称 Name	分类 Category	保留时间Retention time (min)	纯水提取物 Water extraction			60%乙醇提取物 60% ethanol extraction			100%乙醇提取物 100% ethanol extraction
名称 Name	分类 Category	保留时间Retention time (min)	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花 Flower	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花 Flower	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花 Flower
原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	21.852	0.18±0.05	-	0.31±0.01	0.28±0.12	-	0.21±0.17	-	0.36±0.17	0.19±0.02
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	黄烷醇 Flavonol	38.302	-	1.46±0.02	1.46±0.56	0.48±0.20	2.79±0.49	-	0.279±0.20	-	-
杨梅素 Myricetin	黄酮醇 Flavonol	75.074	-	0.53±0.12	0.58±0.03	-			-	0.79±0.24	1.15±0.61
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	30.478	-	1.33±0.96	1.33±0.08	-	2.45±1.38	0.69±0.08	-	1.35±0.57	1.93±1.03
对香豆酸 P-coumaric acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	46.339	-	-	0.34±0.09	-	0.37±0.05	0.29±0.23	-	-	0.28±0.05
2,5-二羟基苯甲酸 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	30.253	12.51±2.56	2.51±1.03	-	-	12.64±3.46	-	6.61±2.46	21.68±5.62	-
芦丁 Rutin	黄酮苷 Flavonoid glycoside	55.423	-	2.57±0.89	0.57±0.15	2.13±1.73	-	-	1.20±1.03	-	4.68±1.68
香草酸 Vanillic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	33.332	-	-	1.86±1.30	-	-	0.48±0.17	-	-	0.15±0.05
芥子酸 Sinapic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	51.933	-	0.34±0.93	0.34±0.10	-	0.68±0.32	3.32±1.32	-	0.33±0.02	1.67±0.59
鞣花酸 Ellagic acid	酚酸 Phenolic acid	56.331	-	-	2.95±0.65	-	4.06±1.58	-	-	-	4.02±2.06
白藜芦醇 Resveratrol	芪类 Stilbenoid	80.958	-	0.11±0.04	0.11±0.02	-	0.28±0.19	0.06±0.01	-	0.19±0.03	0.04±0.01

紫皮石斛茎、叶、花的成分和功能活性分析及代谢组学研究

Analysis of Chemical Components, Functional Activities and Metabolomics of Stems, Leaves and Flowers of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt.

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