野外种群杂交和室外种群锻炼对烟蚜茧蜂寄生及生长发育相关酶的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.07.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1344-1354.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.07.008

野外种群杂交和室外种群锻炼对烟蚜茧蜂寄生及生长发育相关酶的影响

何娇萍¹(), 韩梦¹(), 周挺², 顾钢²(), 赖宇飞³, 赖荣泉¹()

¹ 福建农林大学植物保护学院生物防治研究所/闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室，福州 350002
² 中国烟草总公司福建省公司，福州 350003
³ 山东农业大学植物保护学院，山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2024-11-20 接受日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-04-08 发布日期:2025-04-08
通信作者:
顾钢，E-mail：gugang318@163.com。
赖荣泉，E-mail：lrq305@fafu.edu.cn
联系方式: 何娇萍，E-mail：1425226289@qq.com。韩梦，E-mail：1770453201@qq.com。何娇萍和韩梦为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2017J01617); 福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2020J01523); 中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目(2021350000240017); 中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目(2022350000240069); 中国国家留学基金项目(202008350060); 福建农林大学科技创新专项(KFB24111)

Effects of Wild Populations for Hybridization and Outdoor Population Exercise on the Parasitic Ability of Aphidius gifuensis and Enzymes Related to the Growth and Development

HE JiaoPing¹(), HAN Meng¹(), ZHOU Ting², GU Gang²(), LAI YuFei³, LAI RongQuan¹()

¹ Institute of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection/State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
² Fujian Institute of Tobacco Science, China National Tobacco Corporation, Fuzhou 350003
³ College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong

Received:2024-11-20 Accepted:2025-01-03 Published:2025-04-08 Online:2025-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】烟蚜茧蜂（Aphidius gifuensis）是烟蚜（Myzus persicae）的优势寄生蜂，但在烟蚜茧蜂人工或规模化生产扩繁过程中存在昆虫体型变小、寄生力下降等难题。本研究旨在分析不同调控方式对退化烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率、子代体型和子代生长发育相关酶含量和活性的影响，完善退化烟蚜茧蜂的种群复壮技术，保证人工繁殖的规模化和稳定性。【方法】室内挑选饲养至10代后出现明显种群退化的烟蚜茧蜂进行野外杂交复壮、室内锻炼复壮、室外锻炼复壮，每隔12 h观察僵蚜形成情况，待僵蚜形成后（即僵蚜呈黄褐色时期），统计数量，计算烟蚜茧蜂寄生率；且待僵蚜羽化后，从每个处理组中随机选择能体现该组整体特征的代表性的6头雌成蜂在体视摄影显微镜下测量其后足胫节长度作为体型大小的指标；收集不同处理的僵蚜单独放置，待其羽化后12 h内用考马斯亮蓝G-250方法作标准曲线，再用紫外分光光度计比色法测定生长发育相关酶含量及活性。【结果】野外杂交复壮、室外锻炼复壮均对烟蚜茧蜂寄生力有较好的调控效果（P<0.05），而室内锻炼复壮对烟蚜茧蜂寄生力无显著调控效果（P>0.05）；野外组雌虫和室内退化组雄虫（1﹕1）杂交时复壮效果最好，其寄生率和子代体型与对照组相比分别提高17.83%和18.98%，其子代羧酸酯酶、酚氧化酶和海藻糖酶含量显著增加，酚氧化酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）。烟蚜茧蜂室外锻炼6代后，与未经过锻炼的第0代相比，其寄生率和子代体型分别提升24.67%和49.33%，烟蚜茧蜂子代羧酸酯酶、酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、海藻糖酶含量显著增加，酚氧化酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶总活性也显著提高（P<0.05）。【结论】在生产上对退化的烟蚜茧蜂种群进行野外杂交复壮、室外锻炼复壮可提高烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生能力。

关键词: 烟蚜茧蜂, 烟蚜, 寄生能力, 复壮, 酶, 杂交

Abstract:

【Objective】Aphidius gifuensis is the dominant parasitic wasp of Myzus persicae, however there are some problems in the process of artificial or large-scale production and propagation of A. gifuensis, such as the body size becoming smaller and the parasitism decreasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of different regulation methods on the parasitism rate, body size and the content and activity of enzymes related to the growth and development of offspring A. gifuensis, so as to improve the population rejuvenation technology of the degraded A. gifuensis and ensure the scale and stability of artificial reproduction.【Method】Indoor selection of A. gifuensis, which showed significant population degradation after 10 generations, was conducted for wild population hybridization rejuvenation, indoor exercise rejuvenation, and outdoor exercise rejuvenation. The formation of stiff aphids was observed every 12 h. After the formation of stiff aphids (during the yellow brown period of stiff aphids), the number was counted and the parasitism rate of A. gifuensis was calculated. After the metamorphosis of the aphid, six representative female adults A. gifuensis that could reflect the overall characteristics of each treatment group were randomly selected and the metathoracic tibia length was measured under a stereomicroscope as an indicator of body size. The stiff aphids with different treatments were collected and placed separately. The standard curve was made by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 method within 12 h after emergence, and the content and activity of growth and development related enzymes were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer colorimetry.【Result】Wild population hybridization rejuvenation and outdoor exercise rejuvenation had good regulatory effects on the parasitic ability of A. gifuensis (P<0.05), but indoor exercise rejuvenation had no significant regulatory effect on the parasitic ability of A. gifuensis (P>0.05). The hybridization between wild female A. gifuensis with the indoor degraded male one (1﹕1) had the best rejuvenation effect on the parasitic ability. Compared with the control group, the parasitism rate and offspring body size were increased by 17.83% and 18.98%, respectively. The contents of carboxylesterase, phenoloxidase and trehalase in the offspring and the activity of phenoloxidase were significantly increased (P<0.05). After six generations of outdoor exercise, compared with the 0 generations, the parasitism rate and body size of offspring A. gifuensis were increased by 24.67% and 49.33%, respectively, and the contents of carboxylesterase, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trehalase in the offspring were increased significantly (P<0.05), the activities of phenoloxidase and SOD were also significantly increased (P<0.05).【Conclusion】In production, the field hybridization rejuvenation and outdoor exercise rejuvenation of the degraded A. gifuensis population can improve the parasitic ability of A. gifuensis to M. persicae.

Key words: Aphidius gifuensis, Myzus persicae, parasitic ability, rejuvenation, enzyme, hybridization

何娇萍, 韩梦, 周挺, 顾钢, 赖宇飞, 赖荣泉. 野外种群杂交和室外种群锻炼对烟蚜茧蜂寄生及生长发育相关酶的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(7): 1344-1354.

HE JiaoPing, HAN Meng, ZHOU Ting, GU Gang, LAI YuFei, LAI RongQuan. Effects of Wild Populations for Hybridization and Outdoor Population Exercise on the Parasitic Ability of Aphidius gifuensis and Enzymes Related to the Growth and Development[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(7): 1344-1354.

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试管编号Tube number	1	2	3	4	5	6
标准蛋白溶液Standard protein solution (mL)	0	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.8	1
蒸馏水Distilled water (mL)	1	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.2	0
蛋白质Protein (μg)	0	20	40	60	80	100
考马斯亮蓝G-250 Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (mL)	1	1	1	1	1	1

杂交组合 Hybridization combination	羧酸酯酶含量 Carboxylesterase content (mg·mL^-1)	羧酸酯酶比活力 Carboxylesterase activity (μmol·min^-1·mg^-1)	酚氧化酶含量 Phenoloxidase content (mg·mL^-1)	酚氧化酶活性 Phenoloxidase activity (U·mg^-1·min^-1)	SOD含量 SOD content (mg·mL^-1)	SOD总活性 SOD activity (U/OD₅₆₀·mg^-1 ·min^-1)	海藻糖酶含量 Trehalase content (mg·mL^-1)
野外♂×退化♀ Wild♂×Degraded♀	0.0325±0.0023b	4.2955±0.5465a	0.0404±0.0013b	4.0373±0.5243b	0.0466±0.0016a	18.0506±0.9653a	0.0563±0.0012a
野外♀×退化♂ Wild♀×Degraded♂	0.0574±0.0018a	5.2192±0.5164a	0.0491±0.0035a	7.6476±0.7122a	0.0402±0.0010b	20.5679±0.7223a	0.0592±0.0013a
退化♂×退化♀ Degraded♂×Degraded♀ (CK)	0.0376±0.0007b	3.2830±0.7186a	0.0383±0.0005b	4.3511±0.0594b	0.0410±0.0003b	19.4896±0.6186a	0.0487±0.0015b

相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)	羧酸酯酶含量 Carboxylesterase content (mg·mL^-1)	羧酸酯酶比活力 Carboxylesterase activity (μmol·min^-1·mg^-1)	酚氧化酶含量 Phenoloxidase content (mg·mL^-1)	酚氧化酶活性 Phenoloxidase activity (U·mg^-1·min^-1)	SOD含量 SOD content (mg·mL^-1)	SOD总活性 SOD activity (U/OD₅₆₀·mg^-1·min^-1)	海藻糖酶含量Trehalase content (mg·mL^-1)
70	0.0392±0.0012a	4.0118±0.3777a	0.0459±0.0027a	6.8850±0.5656ab	0.0322±0.0006b	18.0486±1.9230a	0.0445±0.0009b
80	0.0333±0.0023a	3.9035±0.5015a	0.0411±0.0008a	9.3406±0.9024a	0.0338±0.0012b	17.3249±1.8976a	0.0475±0.0009b
75 (CK)	0.0375±0.0020a	3.2761±0.2206a	0.0457±0.0006a	5.8653±0.8013b	0.0445±0.0011a	16.4378±2.8113a	0.0553±0.0027a

世代 Generation	羧酸酯酶含量 Carboxylesterase content (mg·mL^-1)	羧酸酯酶比活力 Carboxylesterase activity (μmol·min^-1·mg^-1)	酚氧化酶含量 Phenoloxidase content (mg·mL^-1)	酚氧化酶活性 Phenoloxidase activity (U·mg^-1·min^-1)	SOD含量 SOD content (mg·mL^-1)	SOD总活性 SOD activity (U/OD₅₆₀·mg^-1 ·min^-1)	海藻糖酶含量 Trehalase content (mg·mL^-1)
F₀	0.0298±0.0006c	3.0567±0.0747a	0.0422±0.0001b	4.2662±0.0431b	0.0430±0.0011b	11.4453±0.3624b	0.0459±0.0016c
F₂	0.0455±0.0015b	2.5487±0.5838a	0.0478±0.0019b	6.7595±0.5758a	0.0454±0.0005b	12.2623±0.3408b	0.0609±0.0010b
F₄	0.0517±0.0044b	2.9912±0.5101a	0.0714±0.0024a	5.4453±0.6751ab	0.0520±0.0024a	12.0445±1.4120b	0.0628±0.0012ab
F₆	0.0648±0.0051a	2.7737±0.3384a	0.0735±0.0042a	6.7296±0.5737a	0.0539±0.0007a	17.4761±1.6458a	0.0664±0.0014a

野外种群杂交和室外种群锻炼对烟蚜茧蜂寄生及生长发育相关酶的影响

Effects of Wild Populations for Hybridization and Outdoor Population Exercise on the Parasitic Ability of Aphidius gifuensis and Enzymes Related to the Growth and Development

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