杨梅凋萎病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其防病机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1467-1479.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.007

杨梅凋萎病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其防病机制

王晶¹^,²(), 李岗², 蔡晓雅², 庞璐瑶², 黄青滢², 林宝义³, 孔海民³, 郝跃², 任海英²^,^*()

¹ 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院，杭州 311300
² 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所/农产品质量安全与营养研究所，杭州 310021
³ 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站，杭州 310020

收稿日期:2025-11-25 接受日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2026-04-08
通信作者:
任海英，E-mail：renhy@zaas.ac.cn。
联系方式: 王晶，E-mail：994652165@qq.com。
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2025SNJF015); 浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2026XTTGGP04)

Screening of Biocontrol Bacillus Strains Against Bayberry Twig Blight Disease and Investigation of Their Disease-Suppressive Mechanisms

WANG Jing¹^,²(), LI Gang², CAI XiaoYa², PANG LuYao², HUANG QingYing², LIN BaoYi³, KONG HaiMin³, HAO Yue², REN HaiYing²^,^*()

¹ College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300
² Institute of Horticulture/Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021
³ Zhejiang Provincial General Station of Arable Land Quality and Fertilizer Management, Hangzhou 310020

Received:2025-11-25 Accepted:2025-12-30 Published:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】杨梅凋萎病是制约杨梅产业稳定发展的重要病害之一，严重影响果实产量和品质。当前生产中防控该病害仍以化学药剂为主，长期使用易带来抗药性风险及生态安全隐患。因此，亟需挖掘来源稳定、安全高效的生防微生物资源，构建绿色可持续的病害防控体系。【目的】从杨梅树体内筛选具有拮抗潜力的内生芽孢杆菌，构建合成菌群（synthetic community，SynCom），并系统评价其对杨梅凋萎病的防控效果及相关作用特征。【方法】采用组织分离法从健康和病株杨梅植株的茎、枝条和叶片中分离获得内生芽孢杆菌，采用平板对峙法筛选对杨梅凋萎病病原菌（Pestalotiopsis versicolor）XJ27具有拮抗活性的菌株。进一步通过离体叶片接种试验筛选获得7株具有稳定抑病能力的菌株，并据此构建SynCom。在温室条件下，对单菌株及SynCom的防病效果进行评价。同时，通过观察病原菌菌丝形态变化，并结合胞外酶活性、铁载体产生能力、生物膜形成能力及脂肽类物质粗提物的抑菌活性测定，对菌株的潜在抑菌作用进行分析。【结果】7株芽孢杆菌单独处理对杨梅凋萎病的防治效果为24.67%—50.67%，而SynCom处理的防治效果可达61.33%，较单菌株处理提高21.04%—148.60%（以单菌株防治效果为基数计算的相对提升幅度）。形态学观察显示，经生防菌处理后，病原菌菌丝出现膨大、扭曲及断裂等异常现象。进一步分析发现，各菌株均具备一定的胞外酶分泌能力和铁载体产生能力，并能够形成生物膜，其脂肽类粗提物对病原菌表现出浓度依赖性的抑制作用，表明多种拮抗因子可能协同参与抑病过程。【结论】杨梅树体内蕴藏具有应用潜力的生防芽孢杆菌资源，构建的SynCom在防控效果方面优于单一菌株处理，在病害抑制方面具有明显优势。研究结果可为基于树体内生微生物资源构建杨梅凋萎病绿色防控技术体系提供菌种资源支持。

关键词: 杨梅凋萎病, 内生芽孢杆菌, 合成菌群（SynCom）, 生物防治

Abstract:

【Background】Bayberry twig blight disease is one of the major diseases restricting the sustainable development of the bayberry industry, causing serious yield and quality losses. At present, chemical control remains the main strategy for disease management; however, its long-term application may lead to pesticide resistance and ecological risks. Therefore, exploring stable, safe, and efficient biocontrol microbial resources is of great significance for establishing sustainable disease management strategies.【Objective】This study aimed to screen endophytic Bacillus strains with antagonistic potential from bayberry trees, construct a synthetic community (SynCom), and systematically evaluate its disease control efficacy and associated functional characteristics against bayberry twig blight disease.【Method】Endophytic Bacillus strains were isolated from the stems, branches, and leaves of healthy and diseased bayberry plants using tissue isolation methods. Antagonistic activity against Pestalotiopsis versicolor XJ27, the pathogen of bayberry twig blight disease, was initially screened using dual-culture assays. Seven strains with stable inhibitory activity were further selected through detached leaf assays and subsequently assembled into a synthetic community (SynCom). The disease control efficacy of single strains and the SynCom was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the potential antagonistic traits of the strains were investigated by observing hyphal morphological changes of the pathogen and assessing extracellular enzyme activities, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and the inhibitory effects of crude lipopeptide extracts.【Result】The single Bacillus strains exhibited disease control efficacy ranging from 24.67% to 50.67%, whereas the SynCom treatment achieved a higher control efficacy of 61.33%, which was 21.04%-148.60% higher than that of single strain treatment (calculated based on the control efficacy of single strain). Morphological observations revealed abnormal hyphal features of the pathogen, including swelling, distortion, and fragmentation, after treatment with biocontrol bacteria. Further analyses demonstrated that all strains exhibited varying capacities for extracellular enzyme production, siderophore secretion, and biofilm formation, and their crude lipopeptide extracts exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the pathogen, suggesting that multiple antagonistic factors may synergistically contribute to disease suppression.【Conclusion】Bayberry trees harbor valuable endophytic Bacillus resources with potential biocontrol applications. The constructed SynCom exhibited superior disease control efficacy compared with individual strains, highlighting its potential for managing bayberry twig blight disease. This study provides experimental evidence and microbial resources for developing sustainable and microbiome- based disease control strategies for bayberry.

Key words: bayberry twig blight disease, endophytic Bacillus, synthetic community (SynCom), biocontrol

王晶, 李岗, 蔡晓雅, 庞璐瑶, 黄青滢, 林宝义, 孔海民, 郝跃, 任海英. 杨梅凋萎病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其防病机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1467-1479.

WANG Jing, LI Gang, CAI XiaoYa, PANG LuYao, HUANG QingYing, LIN BaoYi, KONG HaiMin, HAO Yue, REN HaiYing. Screening of Biocontrol Bacillus Strains Against Bayberry Twig Blight Disease and Investigation of Their Disease-Suppressive Mechanisms[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1467-1479.

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处理Treatment	80 μg/disc	160 μg/disc
GJB1	44.12±0ab	49.02±3.40a
SL5B10	28.95±0d	36.80±0bc
SJ4B5	6.67±0e	20.00±3.33d
GLB4	34.70±7.07c	48.98±3.53a
A49	23.40±6.38d	31.91±3.69c
A98	42.50±4.33ab	50.00±4.33a
A85	38.64±0c	38.64±0b
SynCom	45.74±3.19a	51.06±7.37a

处理 Treatment	病情指数 DI	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	处理 Treatment	病情指数 DI	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)
CK	0e	—	GLB4	41.33±8.96cd	50.33±10.12ab
A85	57.67±2.89b	30.67±4.04c	SL5B10	41.00±9.17cd	50.67±10.69ab
A49	62.67±8.33b	24.67±7.46c	SynCom	0e	—
A98	57.33±2.31b	31.33±2.89c	SynCom-XJ27	32.33±0.58d	61.33±1.15a
GJB1	45.00±11.53c	46.00±13.53b	XJ27	83.00±2.65a	0d
SJ4B5	58.00±9.00b	30.67±10.02c

杨梅凋萎病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其防病机制

Screening of Biocontrol Bacillus Strains Against Bayberry Twig Blight Disease and Investigation of Their Disease-Suppressive Mechanisms

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