中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 649-664.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.005

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

拮抗细菌KRS022的鉴定及对大丽轮枝菌的抑制效果

罗万珍1,2(), 王丹2,3(), 齐宏玥2,4, 王彤2,4, 刘政3,5, 田李6, 戴小枫2,3, 陈捷胤2,3(), 麦合木提江·米吉提1,3,7()   

  1. 1新疆农业大学农学院/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
    3中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100
    4牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江牡丹江 157012
    5石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
    6曲阜师范大学生命科学学院,山东曲阜 273165
    7新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉 831199
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-02 接受日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2023-02-16 发布日期:2023-02-24
  • 通信作者: 陈捷胤,E-mail:chenjieyin@caas.cn; 麦合木提江·米吉提,E-mail:287600102@qq.com
  • 联系方式: 罗万珍,E-mail:lwz17690914949@163.com。王丹,E-mail:wangdan_star@163.com。 罗万珍和王丹为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作(2022YFE0111300); 国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作(2018YFE0112500); 中国博士后科学基金(2020M680783)

Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium Strain KRS022 and Its Inhibition Effect on Verticillium dahliae

LUO WanZhen1,2(), WANG Dan2,3(), QI HongYue2,4, WANG Tong2,4, LIU Zheng3,5, TIAN Li6, DAI XiaoFeng2,3, CHEN JinYin2,3(), MIJITI Maihemuti1,3,7()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-western Desert Oasis (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830052
    2State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
    3Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang
    4College of Life Sciences and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157012, Heilongjiang
    5Agricultural College of Shihezhi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang
    6College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong
    7Xinjiang Huier Agriculture Group Co., Ltd., Changji 831199, Xinjiang
  • Received:2022-10-02 Accepted:2022-11-16 Published:2023-02-16 Online:2023-02-24

摘要:

【目的】明确拮抗细菌KRS022的分类地位及对多种病原真菌的抑制作用,重点研究对作物黄萎病的防治效果及其对病原大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)的抑制效果,为抗大丽轮枝菌生防制剂的研发提供资源。【方法】通过形态学、生理生化试验及16S rDNA与gyrB基因序列串联分析确定KRS022的分类地位;采用对峙培养法和对扣熏蒸法测试KRS022对多种真菌的抑制作用;采用发酵菌液平板法、涂布法以及对扣熏蒸法明确KRS022对大丽轮枝菌的平板抑制效果;通过无细胞上清共培养法与对扣熏蒸法明确KRS022对大丽轮枝菌孢子萌发及菌丝形态的影响;通过盆栽试验及大丽轮枝菌生物量测定明确KRS022对棉花和烟草黄萎病的防治效果;利用RT-qPCR法检测KRS022激发植物免疫相关基因的表达特性。【结果】拮抗菌株KRS022为革兰氏阴性细菌,鉴定为产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes)。该菌株具有解磷、解钾、固氮功能,可产生嗜铁素,具有蛋白酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶活性,属于好氧产碱型细菌,100 μg·mL-1氨苄青霉素可作为该菌株的天然抗性筛选条件。KRS022对多种病原真菌(大丽轮枝菌、尖镰孢、禾谷镰孢、稻瘟病菌、灰葡萄孢、胶孢炭疽菌、果生炭疽菌)均具有不同程度的抑菌活性,对峙和对扣培养对大丽轮枝菌Vd991的抑制率分别达75.19%和99.78%。发酵菌液平板法、涂布法以及对扣熏蒸法对大丽轮枝菌的抑制率分别为96.21%、99.72%和99.44%,均能显著抑制Vd991菌丝生长;KRS022无细胞上清液与大丽轮枝菌分生孢子共培养完全抑制孢子萌发,对扣熏蒸后Vd991菌丝发生膨大、变粗。室内盆栽试验结果表明KRS022能够显著抑制棉花和烟草黄萎病的发生,并发现对植株具有促生作用,与清水处理的烟草盆栽相比,施用KRS022菌液的烟草盆栽的叶维度及单叶面积增幅分别达65.7%和146.4%;施用KRS022菌液后大丽轮枝菌在植株中的生物量显著减少,棉花和烟草对照组(单独接种Vd991)中大丽轮枝菌的生物量分别是处理组(KRS022+Vd991)的1.75和2.57倍。同时KRS022能够激发植物防御反应相关基因的表达,经KRS022处理的棉花植株中水杨酸(SA)通路标记基因GhPR1、茉莉酸(JA)通路标记基因GhAOC4和乙烯(ET)通路标记基因GhEIN2均显著上调表达,上调倍数分别是清水处理的7.23、1.69和15.05倍;经KRS022菌液处理后再接种大丽轮枝菌的棉花植株,GhAOC4GhEIN2被显著诱导表达,上调倍数分别是只接种大丽轮枝菌的68.09和11.87倍;经KRS022无细胞上清液注射处理后NbHSR203NbHIN1NbPR1NbPR2NbPR5NbRbohANbRbohB上调表达倍数分别是空白LB处理的1.98、2.79、2.52、1.25、1.70、3.28、3.44倍,均显著上调表达。【结论】拮抗细菌KRS022鉴定为产碱假单胞菌,能够产生铁载体,具有解磷、解钾、固氮并促进植物生长的潜力。对多种病原真菌均具有抑制效果,能够抑制大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长及孢子萌发,具有防治黄萎病及激发植物免疫反应的作用,是一株具有开发前景的防治黄萎病等真菌病害的生防微生物资源。

关键词: 产碱假单胞菌, 黄萎病, 大丽轮枝菌, 生物防治, 植物免疫

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the taxonomic status of antagonistic bacterium KRS022 and its inhibitory effect on a variety of pathogenic fungi, and to focus on the control efficacy on Verticillium dahliae, and this study will provide important resources for the research and development of biocontrol preparations against V. dahliae. 【Method】The classification of KRS022 was determined by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA-gyrB gene sequence tandem analysis. The inhibitory effects of KRS022 on various fungi were tested by confrontation and fumigation methods. The effect of KRS022 on the morphology of V. dahliae hyphae and conidia was determined by co-culture of cell-free supernatant and fumigation. The control efficacy of KRS022 on Verticillium wilt of cotton and tobacco was determined by pot experiment and biomass measurement. The RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression levels of plant resistance-related genes. 【Result】The strain KRS022 was gram-negative bacterium, and it was identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes. KRS022 has the characteristics of phosphorus and potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation and siderophore production, and the function of protease, amylase and catalase activities. KRS022 belongs to aerobic alkali-producing bacterium, and 100 μg·mL-1 ampicillin can be used as the screening condition for natural resistance of this strain. KRS022 showed different degrees of antifungal activity against a variety of pathogenic fungi (such as Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosprioides, Colletotrichum fructicola). The inhibitory rates of confrontation and fumigation against V. dahliae were 75.19% and 99.78%, respectively. The inhibition rates of PDA plates with fermentation liquid, spreading plates and fumigation against Vd991 were 96.21%, 99.72% and 99.44%, respectively. The co-culture of KRS022 cell-free supernatant with conidia of Vd991 completely inhibited spore germination. The hyphae of Vd991 were enlarged and thickened after fumigation treatment of KRS022. The results of pot experiment showed that KRS022 could significantly inhibit the occurrence of Verticillium wilt of cotton and tobacco. After treatment of KRS022 bacterial solution, the biomass of V. dahliae was significantly reduced. The biomass of V. dahliae in the control group (Vd991 alone) was 1.75 and 2.57 folds higher than that in the treatment group (KRS022+Vd991), respectively. Moreover, KRS022 could also promote plants growth, and the leaf dimension and single leaf area of the tobacco treated with KRS022 fermentation broth increased by 65.7% and 146.4%, respectively. At the same time, KRS022 could stimulate the plants resistance-related genes expression. Cotton treated with KRS022 fermentation broth, the salicylic acid (SA) pathway marker gene GhPR1, jasmonic acid (JA) pathway marker gene GhAOC4 and ethylene (ET) pathway marker gene GhEIN2 were significantly up-regulated, the up-regulation folds were 7.23, 1.69 and 15.05 that of water treatment, respectively. Cotton treated with KRS022 fermentation broth and inoculated with V. dahliae, the expression of GhAOC4 and GhEIN2 was significantly induced, and the up-regulation folds were 68.09 and 11.87 that of cotton plants inoculated with V. dahliae, respectively. The up-regulated expression folds of NbHSR203, NbHIN1, NbPR1, NbPR2, NbPR5, NbRbohA and NbRbohB after KRS022 cell-free supernatant injection were 1.98, 2.79, 2.52, 1.25, 1.70, 3.28 and 3.44 that of LB treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】The antagonistic bacterium KRS022 was identified as P. alcaligenes. It has the characteristics of siderophore production, phosphorus and potassium solubilization, and nitrogen fixation, which suggested KRS022 may have the function of plant growth promotion. It can inhibit the conidia germination and hyphae growth of V. dahliae. In addition, KRS022 can protect plants from V. dahliae infection and trigger plant immunity response. Together, KRS022 is a potential biocontrol microbial resource with development prospect for the prevention and control of Verticillium wilt and other fungal diseases.

Key words: Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Verticillium wilt, Verticillium dahliae, biocontrol, plant immunity