基于两性生命表和年龄-阶段捕食率的南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (13): 2769-2780.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.007

基于两性生命表和年龄-阶段捕食率的南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用

胡昌雄¹(),范苇¹,张倩¹,陈国华¹,殷红慧²,徐天养²,杨进波³,杨航³,吴道慧¹,张晓明¹()

¹云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明 650201
²云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山 663000
³云南格瑞生物科技有限公司,云南弥渡 675602

收稿日期:2020-09-04 修回日期:2020-10-13 出版日期:2021-07-01 发布日期:2021-07-12
通讯作者: 张晓明
作者简介:胡昌雄, E-mail： hcxbear@126.com
基金资助:
云南省基础研究专项面上项目(202001AT070134);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160071);“云南省高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才项目(云人社通〔2020〕150-09号);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划(2018530000241015);云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2019Y0089)

Control Effect of Orius similis on Frankliniella occidentalis Based on the Two-Sex Life Table and the Age-Stage-Specific Predation Rate

HU ChangXiong¹(),FAN Wei¹,ZHANG Qian¹,CHEN GuoHua¹,YIN HongHui²,XU TianYang²,YANG JinBo³,YANG Hang³,WU DaoHui¹,ZHANG XiaoMing¹()

¹College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Kunming 650201
²Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Wenshan 663000, Yunnan
³Yunnan Gerui Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Midu 675602, Yunnan

Received:2020-09-04 Revised:2020-10-13 Online:2021-07-01 Published:2021-07-12
Contact: XiaoMing ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）是我国重要农业入侵害虫,南方小花蝽（Orius similis）是其优势捕食性天敌。论文旨在系统评价南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用以及同一地区两个种群的生物学差异。【方法】采集露地辣椒上的南方小花蝽和西花蓟马在室内条件下饲养2—3代后,用带花的辣椒嫩梢饲喂西花蓟马,用西花蓟马2龄若虫饲喂南方小花蝽进行试验。采用两性种群生命表和特定年龄-阶段捕食率的研究方法,系统测定南方小花蝽和西花蓟马云南种群的生长发育、繁殖力、捕食率以及预测种群数量增长模型。【结果】南方小花蝽和西花蓟马的不同虫期之间均存在不同程度的发育阶段重叠现象,且两种昆虫的雌成虫存活率均高于雄成虫。南方小花蝽若虫共5个龄期,而西花蓟马为4个龄期,南方小花蝽具有更长的若虫历期和更短的成虫寿命,且各发育阶段的存活率均低于西花蓟马,尤其是雌成虫的存活率要明显低于西花蓟马。南方小花蝽由卵成功发育成为雌成虫和雄成虫的概率分别为32.67%和20.67%,西花蓟马分别为46.67%和16.67%,西花蓟马具有更高的雌性比例。南方小花蝽和西花蓟马的繁殖参数（f_x）在整个繁殖期内具有高峰,分别在整个发育时间的22 d和16 d出现。南方小花蝽平均单雌产卵量为42.00粒,低于西花蓟马的平均产卵量59.86粒,其种群的净生殖率（R₀）、总繁殖率（GRR）、内禀增长率（r）、周限增长率（λ）均低于西花蓟马,而平均世代周期（T）和种群加倍时间（DT）长于西花蓟马。种群预测结果显示经过90 d后西花蓟马的个体数量达南方小花蝽的9.66倍,其中雌成虫数达到17.15倍。南方小花蝽对西花蓟马2龄若虫的捕食率随龄期逐渐升高,其种群净捕食率（C₀）为140.81,转化率（Q_p）为9.05。南方小花蝽雌、雄成虫在整个发育阶段对西花蓟马2龄若虫的平均捕食量分别为159.67和86.00头。【结论】以西花蓟马为食物的南方小花蝽个体能较好地完成生活史且种群增长稳定;在相同条件下西花蓟马比南方小花蝽具有更强的种群增长潜力。南方小花蝽可作为西花蓟马生物防治的重要天敌,在利用过程中需要注意在西花蓟马暴发前10—20 d释放,并在西花蓟马持续暴发过程中连续释放可达到更好的控制效果。

关键词: 南方小花蝽, 西花蓟马, 两性生命表, 捕食率, 生物防治

Abstract:

【Objective】Frankliniella occidentalis is an important agricultural invasive pest, and Orius similis is the dominant predator species in China. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the control effect of O. similis on F. occidentalis and the biological differences between this two species in the same area.【Method】O. similis and F. occidentalis were collected from open field Capsicum annuum, then reared by fresh shoots with flowers of C. annuum for 2-3 generations under indoor condition, and the 2nd instar nymphs of F. occidentalis were feed to O. similis in the experiment. Growth, reproductive rate, predation rate were tested in Yunnan populations of O. similis and F. occidentalis using the two-sex life table and the age-stage-specific predation rate methods.【Result】The different insect periods of O. similis and F. occidentalis have different levels of overlap during their developmental stages, and the survival rate of female adults of both insect species was higher than that of male adults. O. similis nymph has 5 instars, while F. occidentalis has 4 instars. Compared with F. occidentalis, O. similis has a longer nymph duration and shorter adult lifespan, and the survival rate of each developmental period was lower than that ofF. occidentalis, especially the survival rate of female adults was obviously lower than that of F. occidentalis. The probability of O. similis successfully developing from egg to female adult and male adult was 32.67% and 20.67%, respectively, which was lower than that ofF. occidentalis’s 46.67% and 16.67%.F. occidentalis has a higher proportion of females within its population. The reproductive parameters (f_x) of O. similis and F. occidentalis peaked at 22 d and 16 d during the whole developmental stages, respectively. O. similis has an average egg production of 42.00 eggs per female, which was significantly lower than that of theF. occidentalis (59.86 eggs). The population net reproduction rate (R₀), gross reproduction rate (GRR), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) in O. similis were lower than those ofF. occidentalis, while the mean generation time (T) and population doubling time (DT) in O. similis were longer than those of F. occidentalis. The population prediction results showed that the individuals of F. occidentalis reached 9.66 times than that of O. similis after 90 days of population growth and development, and the number of female adults reached 17.15 times. The predation rate of O. similis on the 2nd instar nymphs of F. occidentalis gradually increases with age, and the population characteristic net predation rate (C₀) of F. occidentalis was 140.81, and the transformation rate (Q_p) was 9.05. The average predation of female and male adult O. similis to F. occidentalis 2nd instar nymphs was 159.67 and 86.00 individuals, respectively.【Conclusion】O. similis population can finish its life history and has stable population growth when fed by F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis has a stronger population growth potential than that of O. similis under the same conditions. As an important natural enemy of F. occidentalis biological control, O. similisshould be released 10-20 d before F. occidentalis outbreak and continuous released during F. occidentalis outbreak, this can achieve better control effects to F. occidentalis.

Key words: Orius similis, Frankliniella occidentalis, two-sex life table, predation rate, biological control

胡昌雄,范苇,张倩,陈国华,殷红慧,徐天养,杨进波,杨航,吴道慧,张晓明. 基于两性生命表和年龄-阶段捕食率的南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(13): 2769-2780.

HU ChangXiong,FAN Wei,ZHANG Qian,CHEN GuoHua,YIN HongHui,XU TianYang,YANG JinBo,YANG Hang,WU DaoHui,ZHANG XiaoMing. Control Effect of Orius similis on Frankliniella occidentalis Based on the Two-Sex Life Table and the Age-Stage-Specific Predation Rate[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2769-2780.

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龄期 Stage	数量 Number	南方小花蝽 O. similis	占总世代百分比 Percentage of total generation (%)	数量 Number	西花蓟马 F. occidentalis	占总世代百分比 Percentage of total generation (%)
卵期 Egg	150	3.79±0.05	13.04	150	2.78±0.02	10.35
1龄若虫 1st instar	116	2.71±0.05	9.33	134	2.96±0.03	11.02
2龄若虫 2nd instar	110	1.95±0.04	6.71	117	2.72±0.03	10.12
3龄若虫（预蛹期）3rd instar (prepupa)	104	2.16±0.05	7.43	103	1.38±0.03	5.14
4龄若虫（蛹期）4th instar (pupa)	85	2.35±0.06	8.09	95	1.50±0.03	5.58
5龄若虫 5th instar	82	3.32±0.05	11.42	-	-	-
未成熟虫期 Immature stage	82	16.25±0.15	55.92	95	11.34±0.08	42.20
雌成虫期 Female adult	51	12.78±0.38	43.98	75	18.35±0.42	68.29
雄成虫期 Male adult	31	9.73±0.50	33.48	20	15.53±0.58	57.80

繁殖力参数 Fertility parameter	南方小花蝽 O. similis	西花蓟马 F. occidentalis
雌成虫寿命Longevity of female adult (d)	12.78±0.38	18.12±0.46
平均产卵期 Average oviposition period (d)	7.84±0.27	13.06±0.36
平均产卵量 Average eggs per female	42.00±1.37	59.86±1.61
性比（雌/雄）Sex ratio (female/male)	1.65	2.85
雌成虫产卵前期 Adult pre-oviposition period of female adult (d)	2.67±0.06	1.90±0.05
总产卵前期 Total pre-oviposition period of female counted from birth (d)	19.01±0.18	13.22±0.11

种群参数 Population parameter	南方小花蝽 O. similis	西花蓟马 F. occidentalis
净生殖率 Net reproductive rate (R₀)	14.29±1.70	27.94±2.54
总繁殖率 Gross reproduction rate (GRR)	39.38±3.71	52.62±2.84
内禀增长率 Intrinsic rate of increase (r, per day)	0.12±0.01	0.18±0.01
周限增长率 Finite rate of increase (λ,per day)	1.12±0.01	1.19±0.01
平均世代周期 Mean generation time (d)	23.05±0.24	18.74±0.16
种群加倍时间 Doubling time (d)	6.02	3.90

龄期 Stage	日均捕食量 Mean daily predation	平均总捕食量 Mean total predation	捕食率参数 Predation rate parameter	参数值 Parameter value
1龄若虫 1st instar	1.68±0.14	4.86±0.23	平均捕食率Mean predation rate	140.93±18.36
2龄若虫 2nd instar	2.83±0.23	5.77±0.33	种群净捕食率Net predation rate (C₀)	140.81±18.22
3龄若虫 3rd instar	6.32±0.52	13.96±0.71	转化率Transformation rate (Q_p)	9.05±1.65
4龄若虫 4th instar	8.82±0.73	21.43±1.25	周限捕食率Finite predation rate (FP)	3.45±0.25
5龄若虫 5th instar	10.43±0.86	34.78±1.31	稳定捕食率Stable predation rate (P_si)	3.07±0.20
雌成虫 Female adult	12.13±1.00	159.67±3.46	-	-
雄成虫 Male adult	8.90±0.73	86.00±2.45	-	-

基于两性生命表和年龄-阶段捕食率的南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用

Control Effect of Orius similis on Frankliniella occidentalis Based on the Two-Sex Life Table and the Age-Stage-Specific Predation Rate

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