多年生水稻黄糯2号和长白7号产量相关性状的QTL分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析多年生水稻产量相关性状的QTL，为产量性状基因的精细定位、克隆及功能研究奠定基础。同时，也为揭示多年生水稻产量相关性状的遗传机理和培育多年生水稻新品种提供技术支撑。【方法】以2份多年生水稻黄糯2号（HN2^#）和长白7号（CB7^#）及其构建的2套半同胞（黄糯2号/协青早B和长白7号/协青早B）F₂群体为试验材料，在2024年正季与再生季调查分析了2份多年生水稻的抽穗期、株高和千粒重等16个产量相关性状，以及2套半同胞群体及其双亲的株高、单株有效穗数和千粒重等15个产量相关性状，并进行QTL分析。【结果】2024年正季与再生季，黄糯2号的抽穗期、株高和千粒重等7个性状呈显著性差异（P<0.05）；长白7号的株高、穗粒密度和单穗重呈显著性差异。相关性分析发现，HN2^#-群体15个性状共检测到34对显著性正相关；CB7^#-群体15个性状共检测到39对显著性正相关。利用QTL IciMapping 4.10软件进行QTL复合区间作图，在HN2^#-群体共检测到29个QTL，解释2.61%—29.41%的表型。13个QTL为前人未报道的QTL，其中，7个QTL增效位点来自黄糯2号，6个QTL增效位点来自协青早B。检测到5个同时影响2个及以上产量性状的QTL标记区间。在CB7^#-群体共检测到22个QTL，解释2.77%—27.94%的表型。10个QTL为前人未报道的QTL，其中，6个QTL增效位点来自长白7号，4个QTL增效位点来自协青早B。检测到5个同时控制2个及以上产量性状的QTL标记区间，分布在第1、2、6和7染色体上。【结论】检测到的新QTL和“一因多效”QTL为多年生水稻黄糯2号和长白7号所特有，在今后研究中予以重点关注。

Abstract:

【Objective】The analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying yield-related traits of perennial Chinese rice laid a good foundation for fine mapping, cloning, and functional research of yield-related traits genes. Meanwhile, it also provided technical support for revealing the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits in perennial Chinese rice and breeding perennial rice variety.【Method】Two perennial Chinese japonica rice, namely, Huangnuo2^# (HN2^#) and Changbai7^# (CB7^#), and two half-sib (Huangnuo2^#/XieqingzaoB and Changbai7^#/XieqingzaoB) F₂ populations and their bi-parents were selected as experimental materials. Sixteen yield-related traits, including heading date, plant height, and thousand-grain weight of HN2^#and CB7^# in major crop (MC) and ratooning crop (RC) of 2024, were investigated for phenotypic analysis. Fifteen yield-related traits, including plant height, panicle plant^-1, and thousand-grain weight, in HN2^# and CB7^#-populations and their bi-parents were investigated for phenotypic analysis and QTL mapping.【Result】Between MC and RC of 2024, seven yield-related traits of HN2^#, including heading date, plant height, and thousand-grain weight, exhibited significant phenotypic differences (P<0.05). Three yield-related traits of CB7^#, including plant height, grain setting density, and grain weight panicle^-1, displayed significant phenotypic differences. Among 15 yield-related traits, 34 pairs of significantly positive correlations were calculated in the HN2^#-population. A total of 39 pairs of significantly positive correlations were calculated in the CB7^#-population. Exactly 29 QTLs were detected in the HN2^#-population, accounting for 2.61% to 29.41% of the phenotypic variation. Thirteen novel QTLs were detected in the HN2^#-population. Of these, seven QTLs with additive effects were derived from HN2^#, and the other six with additive effects were derived from XQZB. Five pleiotropic QTL were detected in the HN2^# HN2^#-population. A total of 22 QTLs were detected in the CB7^#-population, accounting for 2.77% to 27.94% of the phenotypic variation. Ten novel QTLs were detected in the CB7^#-population. Of those, six QTLs with additive effects were derived from CB7^#, and the other four with additive effects as well were derived from XQZB. Five pleiotropic QTL were detected in the CB7^#-population. 【Conclusion】These novel and pleiotropic QTL are unique to HN2^#and CB7^#, which should be the primary focus of future research.

Key words: perennial Chinese rice, yield-related traits, major crop, ratooning crop, genetic analysis, QTL analysis

彭廷燊, 陆久焱, 吴美林, 严雨欣, 刘宏周, 南文斌, 秦小健, 李明, 龚俊义, 梁永书. 多年生水稻黄糯2号和长白7号产量相关性状的QTL分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1361-1379.

PENG TingShen, LU JiuYan, WU MeiLin, YAN YuXin, LIU HongZhou, NAN WenBin, QIN XiaoJian, LI Ming, GONG JunYi, LIANG YongShu. QTL Analysis of Yield-Related Traits in Both Huangnuo2^# and Changbai7^# of Perennial Chinese Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1361-1379.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

图3

表2

黄糯2号、长白7号、协青早B和F2群体15个产量相关性状表型"

性状 Traits	亲本Parents				HN2^#-群体HN2^#-population				CB7^#-群体CB7^#-population
性状 Traits	黄糯2号 HN2^#	长白7号 CB7^#	协青早B XQZB	黄糯2号- 协青早B HN2^#-XQZB	平均值± 标准差 Means±SD	变幅 Variation	变异系数 CV (%)	长白7号- 协青早B CB7^#-XQZB	平均值± 标准差 Means±SD	变幅 Variation	变异系数 CV (%)
株高 PH (cm)	109.20	107.40	82.40	11.84^**	103.33±14.50	68.00-132.50	14.04	12.28^**	120.45±17.48	77.00-152.00	14.52
单株有效穗数 EPP	16.40	9.00	13.20	2.81^*	17.18±5.98	7.00-36.00	34.81	6.33^**	12.06±3.71	3.00-25.00	30.79
穗长 PL (cm)	24.32	20.20	22.04	2.21	25.21±4.69	14.50-34.80	18.61	2.36	24.78±3.97	15.00-35.00	16.01
穗实粒数 FGP	136.00	186.00	96.60	4.24^**	97.37±55.10	29.00-246.00	56.59	4.53^**	108.95±51.83	8.00-282.00	47.57
穗空粒数 UGP	25.00	17.80	10.00	2.43	67.73±45.28	5.00-170.00	66.85	1.37	71.88±49.46	5.00-241.00	68.82
穗粒数 SP	161.00	203.80	106.60	3.96^*	165.06±64.47	59.00-285.00	39.06	4.22^**	180.59±57.47	49.00-322.00	31.82
结实率 SSR (%)	85.00	92.00	90.88	1.83	6.00±22.00	21.00-97.00	36.77	0.24	60.00±0.22	0.09-97.00	35.92
穗粒密度 SSD	6.64	6.50	4.83	3.17^*	4.28±3.19	0.07-11.51	74.51	5.40^**	3.50±0.05	0.07-4.90	14.29
单穗重 GWP (g)	2.55	4.43	2.71	0.66	3.20±1.33	0.90-6.61	41.64	4.02^*	3.21±1.33	0.81-7.41	41.43
单株产量 GYP (g)	34.91	31.46	24.27	3.41^*	38.24±20.84	5.85-99.30	54.48	2.89^*	27.85±14.54	5.34-82.53	52.20
粒长 GL (mm)	7.91	6.92	9.80	10.62^**	8.82±0.65	7.36-11.10	7.40	13.28^**	8.34±0.51	7.32-9.48	6.12
粒宽 GW (mm)	3.58	3.04	2.58	10.73^**	3.23±0.23	2.78-3.88	7.16	4.79^*	2.97±0.24	2.04-3.47	7.97
粒厚 GT (mm)	2.23	2.23	2.07	2.67^*	2.22±0.16	1.85-2.55	7.13	3.59^*	2.09±0.18	1.67-3.12	8.84
粒长宽比 LWR	2.21	2.28	3.81	15.58^**	2.75±0.26	2.18-3.39	9.44	14.51^**	2.83±0.29	2.19-4.13	10.35
千粒重 TGW (g)	20.60	22.7	26.80	3.92^*	27.70±4.30	15.30-38.00	15.51	3.27^*	24.9±3.00	1.44-32.80	12.05

表2

表3

图4

表4

HN2#-群体15个产量相关性状QTL分析"

性状 Traits	QTL	染色体 Chromosome	物理位置 Genomic position (bp)	标记区间 Marker interval	LOD值 LOD value	贡献率 Variation (%)	加性效应 Additive effect	有利等位基因来源 Favorable allele sources
株高PH	qPH7	7	3141181-4418197	RM3484-RM5711	4.05	26.95	4.98	黄糯2号 HN2^#
株高PH	qPH12	12	23443441-27305223	RM7376-RM1227	3.38	19.02	1.24	黄糯2号 HN2^#
单株有效穗数 EPP	qEPP1	1	330698-4052895	RM3426-RM1287	3.31	3.86	5.71	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qEPP2a	2	15894177-20800963	RM5812-RM262	3.63	3.41	5.13	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qEPP2b	2	16390789-20800963	RM262-RM5651	3.47	3.53	6.22	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qEPP3	3	13933574-14507885	RM6080-RM6959	2.98	2.61	8.44	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qEPP6	6	6230185-11767249	RM276-RM564	3.51	3.36	8.96	黄糯2号 HN2^#
穗长PL	qPL1	1	39720126-43370870	RM3482-RM3362	3.46	13.13	2.94	黄糯2号 HN2^#
穗长PL	qPL7	7	3141181-16200067	RM5711-RM5481	3.39	15.78	2.70	黄糯2号 HN2^#
穗实粒数FGP	qFGP6	6	5960201-6998987	RM7488-RM2615	2.84	23.94	2.38	黄糯2号 HN2^#
穗空粒数 UGP	qUGP1	1	330698-4052895	RM3426-RM1287	3.69	13.35	-26.52	协青早B XQZB
	qUGP7	7	16932001-17489638	RM1135-RM5793	2.52	3.36	17.11	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qUGP11	11	11763775-21979491	RM7120-RM206	2.91	12.15	47.05	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qUGP12	12	3201708-19903791	RM6296-RM519	3.00	11.53	11.44	黄糯2号 HN2^#
穗粒数 SP	qSP3	3	9734810-10169054	RM232-RM4321	2.76	11.99	-34.30	协青早B XQZB
	qSP5	5	17752245-17956065	RM6024-RM1237	2.82	15.13	-37.38	协青早B XQZB
	qSP7	7	3141181-4418197	RM3484-RM5711	3.92	24.37	8.59	黄糯2号 HN2^#
结实率 SSR	qSSR6	6	5960201-6230185	RM2615-RM276	4.21	26.02	0.01	黄糯2号 HN2^#
结实率 SSR	qSSR7	7	4660490-18132231	RM418-RM6872	2.80	14.69	-0.10	协青早B XQZB
穗粒密度 SSD	qSSD4	4	15742285-20584454	RM5687-RM5979	2.95	6.52	-0.99	协青早B XQZB
穗粒密度 SSD	qSSD11	11	11763775-21979491	RM7120-RM206	2.75	6.66	-1.17	协青早B XQZB
粒长 GL	qGL1	1	15118625-18999662	RM7075-RM8004	3.92	21.67	-0.47	协青早B XQZB
粒长 GL	qGL8	8	5850563-8385395	RM6429-RM6838	2.86	15.59	-0.01	协青早B XQZB
粒宽 GW	qGW2	2	5477492-7664143	RM6378-RM7636	2.65	13.40	0.20	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qGW4	4	13059580-13154172	RM401-RM5633	2.54	10.93	0.20	黄糯2号 HN2^#
	qGW10	10	2722348-9439397	RM3882-RM1126	2.71	7.45	0.13	黄糯2号 HN2^#
粒厚GT	qGT2	2	5477492-7664143	RM6378-RM7636	3.88	29.41	0.14	黄糯2号 HN2^#
粒长宽比 LWR	qLWR1	1	15118625-18999662	RM7075-RM8004	2.53	11.20	-0.11	协青早B XQZB
粒长宽比 LWR	qLWR10	10	2722348-9439397	RM3882-RM1126	4.14	23.39	-0.18	协青早B XQZB

表4

表5

CB7#-群体15个产量相关性状QTL分析"

性状 Traits	QTL	染色体 Chromosome	物理位置 Genomic position (bp)	标记区间 Marker interval	LOD值 LOD value	贡献率 Variation (%)	加性效应 Additive effect	有利等位基因来源 Favorable allele sources
株高PH	qPH1	1	34902085-37261443	RM3738-RM8084	2.59	13.39	6.39	长白7号 CB7^#
穗长PL	qPL8	8	4773752-5850563	RM6838-RM1111	2.57	10.05	0.20	长白7号 CB7^#
穗长PL	qPL12	12	2304378-3201708	RM6296-RM3747	2.89	15.40	-0.61	协青早B XQZB
穗实粒数FGP	qFGP6	6	6998987-8070717	RM7488-RM19720	4.11	27.94	-9.43	协青早B XQZB
穗空粒数UGP	qUGP2	2	4407860-7664143	RM3732-RM7636	5.02	23.56	27.54	长白7号 CB7^#
	qUGP6	6	5960201-6230185	RM276-RM2615	4.73	10.65	18.26	长白7号 CB7^#
	qUGP7	7	4418197-16200067	RM5481-RM3484	3.74	8.81	25.66	长白7号 CB7^#
穗粒数SP	qSP1	1	39720126-41167834	RM5536-RM3482	2.64	15.07	26.98	长白7号 CB7^#
结实率SSR	qSSR2a	2	4407860-7664143	RM3732-RM7636	2.79	13.36	-0.07	协青早B XQZB
	qSSR2b	2	15894177-20495111	RM5812-RM2634	2.52	8.37	-0.09	协青早B XQZB
	qSSR6	6	5960201-6230185	RM276-RM2615	7.88	24.73	-0.04	协青早B XQZB
穗粒密度SSD	qSSD1	1	39720126-41167834	RM5536-RM3482	3.00	17.33	0.96	长白7号 CB7^#
单穗重GWP	qGWP6	6	6998987-8070717	RM7488-RM19720	3.86	6.10	-0.14	协青早B XQZB
单穗重GWP	qGWP11	11	5477676-19184001	RM4504-RM5349	2.65	10.65	0.78	长白7号 CB7^#
单株产量GYP	qGYP1	1	39720126-41167834	RM5536-RM3482	2.83	9.26	6.51	长白7号 CB7^#
单株产量GYP	qGYP6	6	8070717-10822809	RM19720-RM19835	5.46	21.66	-5.69	协青早B XQZB
粒长GL	qGL3	3	17694161-1871497	RM15283-RM2346	6.01	22.97	-0.31	协青早B XQZB
	qGL6	6	5960201-6230185	RM276-RM2615	3.52	10.78	0.03	长白7号 CB7^#
	qGL7	7	16200067-16932001	RM1135-RM5481	2.73	8.30	-0.05	协青早B XQZB
粒宽GW	qGW5	5	17752245-26174809	RM3790-RM6024	2.79	14.17	0.10	长白7号 CB7^#
粒厚GT	qGT3	3	3285730-6078216	RM7576-RM6849	5.57	10.69	0.46	长白7号 CB7^#
粒厚GT	qGT7	7	4418197-16200067	RM5481-RM3484	2.85	2.77	0.10	长白7号 CB7^#

表5

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性状 Traits	黄糯2号HN2^#			长白7号CB7^#
性状 Traits	正季 MC	再生季 RC	t测验值 t test value	正季 MC	再生季 RC	t测验值 t test value
抽穗期HD (d)	124.00	131.00	12.40**	95.00	94.00	0.00
株高PH (cm)	103.60	110.40	2.38*	107.20	116.20	6.07**
单株有效穗数EPP	14.80	17.80	1.26	18.60	33.60	1.63
穗长PL (cm)	23.84	23.90	0.03	19.72	20.82	0.10
穗实粒数FGP	120.60	107.00	1.43	174.00	234.40	2.42
穗空粒数UGP	23.20	46.00	1.37	25.40	26.60	0.29
穗粒数SP	143.80	153.00	0.53	199.40	261.00	2.43
结实率SSR (%)	84.00	72.05	1.41	87.10	90.12	1.27
穗粒密度SSD	6.04	6.37	1.03	10.11	12.45	3.31*
单穗重GWP (g)	3.17	2.31	6.53**	3.97	4.72	2.82*
单株产量GYP (g)	32.26	24.42	3.28*	49.41	91.93	1.70
粒长GL (mm)	7.36	8.17	6.24**	7.13	7.06	0.82
粒宽GW (mm)	3.56	3.37	1.44	3.33	3.42	1.08
粒厚GT (mm)	2.47	2.28	2.13	2.14	2.13	0.27
粒长宽比 LWR	2.07	2.44	3.72*	2.14	2.07	1.26
千粒重TGW (g)	26.66	20.76	3.10*	22.14	22.40	0.47

性状 Trait	株高 PH	单株有效穗数 EPP	穗长 PL	穗实粒数 FGP	穗空粒数 UGP	穗粒数 SP	结实率 SSR	穗粒密度 SSD	单穗重 GWP	单株产量 GYP	粒长 GL	粒宽 GW	粒厚 GT	粒长宽比 LWR	千粒重 TGW
株高PH	1.00	0.00	0.51^**	0.36^**	0.22^**	0.52^**	0.10	0.37^**	0.46^**	0.50^**	0.03	0.23^*	-0.04	-0.17^*	0.13
单株有效穗数 EPP	-0.07	1.00	-0.10	-0.11	-0.04	-0.13	-0.10	-0.10	-0.20^**	0.19^*	-0.01	-0.03	-0.15^*	0.00	-0.04
穗长PL	0.39^**	0.04	1.00	0.19^*	0.47^**	0.56^**	-0.16^*	0.10	0.22^**	0.25^**	-0.12	-0.02	-0.05	-0.06	-0.04
穗实粒数 FGP	0.22^**	-0.13	0.33^**	1.00	-0.35^**	0.60^**	0.75^**	0.65^**	0.88^**	0.71^**	0.11	0.00	-0.17^*	0.04	0.04
穗空粒数 UGP	0.31^**	0.05	0.49^**	-0.22^**	1.00	0.54^**	-0.81^**	0.32^**	-0.23^**	-0.16^*	-0.25^**	0.06	0.17^*	-0.19^*	-0.20^**
穗粒数 SP	0.41^**	-0.08	0.63^**	0.72^**	0.53^**	1.00	-0.01	0.86^**	0.60^**	0.50^**	-0.11	0.06	-0.01	-0.13	-0.13
结实率 SSR	-0.12	-0.21^**	-0.23^**	0.60^**	-0.84^**	-0.07	1.00	0.14	0.62^**	0.47^**	0.22^**	-0.03	-0.20^**	0.12	0.18^*
穗粒密度 SSD	-0.21^**	-0.03	0.06	0.36^**	-0.21^**	0.16^*	0.27^**	1.00	0.60^**	0.49^**	-0.08	0.08	0.01	-0.13	-0.13
单穗重 GWP	0.22^**	-0.14	0.46^**	0.85^**	-0.13	0.65^**	0.51^**	0.34^**	1.00	0.69^**	0.16^*	0.11	-0.06	-0.02	0.27^**
单株产量 GYP	0.36^**	0.31^**	0.44^**	0.73^**	-0.07	0.59^**	0.36^**	0.26^**	0.77^**	1.00	0.13	-0.01	-0.17^*	0.06	0.14
粒长GL	0.01	0.07	0.04	-0.19^*	-0.08	-0.22^**	-0.11	0.14	-0.07	-0.04	1.00	0.04	0.05	0.55^**	0.45^**
粒宽GW	-0.15^*	0.08	0.15^*	-0.17^*	0.08	-0.09	-0.06	-0.01	-0.02	-0.08	0.09	1.00	0.19^*	-0.80^**	0.40^**
粒厚GT	-0.23^**	0.05	0.11	-0.27^*	0.08	-0.17^*	-0.19^*	-0.06	-0.25^**	-0.35^**	-0.02	0.55^**	1.00	-0.06	0.20^**
粒长宽比 LWR	0.12	0.00	-0.07	-0.02	-0.10	-0.09	-0.05	0.13	-0.04	0.04	0.70^**	-0.65^**	-0.41^**	1.00	-0.07
千粒重 TGW	-0.14	-0.05	-0.03	-0.16^*	-0.24^**	-0.31^**	0.14	0.17^*	0.03	-0.08	0.52^**	0.40^**	0.30^**	0.12	1.00