不结球白菜叶片皱缩性状的遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】不结球白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino）属十字花科（Cruciferae）植物，是我国南方地区广泛栽培的叶菜类蔬菜作物。在叶片性状中，叶面的皱缩是不结球白菜的一个重要农艺性状，不仅决定不结球白菜的外观商品性，还因影响叶片的光合作用而对其产量、营养品质、抗逆性等产生显著影响。但是，目前对该性状的遗传和形成机制尚无清晰认识，从而限制了对该性状的高效遗传改良。【目的】对不结球白菜的叶片皱缩性状进行数量化描述，探究不结球白菜叶片皱缩性状的遗传和形成机制，提高对该性状的高效选择和调控，从而指导不结球白菜的育种工作。【方法】以不结球白菜中叶片皱缩明显的塌菜（Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen et Lee）为亲本之一构建6个不同F₂群体，通过指标“最大叶叶面凸起数量”在莲座期对F₂植株进行叶片皱缩性状的量化，运用数量性状主基因-多基因遗传分离分析方法对这一性状的遗传规律进行分析。【结果】F₂群体单株间叶片皱缩性状变异幅度较大，呈现连续性变化，拟分布曲线呈现正态分布或偏正态分布。通过主基因+多基因遗传模型计算方法对叶片皱缩性状进行遗传分析，显示不结球白菜叶片皱缩性状的最佳遗传模型为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因模型（2MG-ADI），主基因遗传率为99.08%，第1主基因的显性效应使皱缩程度减弱，而第2主基因的显性效应使皱缩程度加强，2对主基因的加性效应均导致叶片皱缩程度加深。两主基因加性×加性互作效应、加性×显性互作效应对叶片皱缩程度起到减效作用，显性×加性、显性×显性互作效应对性状呈现增益效果。【结论】不结球白菜叶片皱缩性状是由2对主基因控制的数量性状，且主基因在该性状的形成调控中发挥主要作用。

关键词: 不结球白菜, 叶片皱缩性状, 数量性状, 塌菜, 主基因+多基因遗传分析

Abstract:

【Background】 Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino), a member of the Cruciferae family, is a leafy vegetable widely cultivated in the southern regions of China. Among leaf traits, the leaf wrinkling is a significant agronomic characteristic of non-heading Chinese cabbage. This trait not only determines the visual marketability of non-heading Chinese cabbage, but also significantly affects its yield, nutritional quality, stress resistance, and photosynthetic activity of the leaves. However, there is currently no clear understanding of the genetic and formation mechanisms of this trait, which limits efficient genetic improvement of this trait. 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the leaf wrinkling trait of non-heading Chinese cabbage, to explore its genetic and formation mechanisms, and to enhance the efficient selection and regulation of this trait, so as to consequently guide breeding efforts for non-heading Chinese cabbage. 【Method】 Six distinct F₂ populations were constructed using Tacai (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen et Lee), which with conspicuous leaf wrinkling in non-heading Chinese cabbage as one of the parents. The leaf wrinkling trait of F₂ plants was quantified during the rosette stage using the indicator “number of bulges in the maximum leaf”. A genetic segregation analysis method for quantitative traits, incorporating both major gene and polygenic inheritance, was employed to investigate the genetic principles governing this trait. 【Result】 Significant variation was found among individual plants in the F₂ population regarding leaf wrinkling traits, manifesting as continuous changes. The distribution curve demonstrated a normal or skewed normal distribution, suggesting that leaf wrinkling in non-heading Chinese cabbage was a quantitative trait influenced by multiple genes. Genetic analysis of these traits was then conducted utilizing a major gene + polygene genetic model calculation method. The result showed that the optimal genetic model for leaf wrinkling in non-heading Chinese cabbage was the 2MG-ADI gene model, with a major gene heritability of 99.08%. The first major gene’s dominant effected mitigates wrinkling, while the second major gene’s dominant effect intensified it. Both major genes exhibited additive effects, deepening wrinkling. Additive × additive and additive × dominant interaction effects reduced wrinkling, whereas dominant × additive and dominant × dominant interaction effects enhanced the traits. 【Conclusion】 The leaf wrinkling trait in non-heading Chinese cabbage was a quantitative characteristic governed by two pairs of major genes, with these major genes predominantly influencing its regulation.

Key words: non-heading Chinese cabbage, leaf wrinkling trait, quantitative trait, Tacai, main gene plus polygene genetic analysis

叶雪莲, 陈靖雯, 姚祥坦, 权新华, 黄鹂. 不结球白菜叶片皱缩性状的遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18): 3684-3694.

YE XueLian, CHEN JingWen, YAO XiangTan, QUAN XinHua, HUANG Li. Genetic Analysis of Leaf Wrinkling Traits in Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3684-3694.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.013

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I18/3684

图/表 7

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图2

表1

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表3

候选模型适合性检验"

杂交组合 Hybrid combination	模型 Model	均匀性检验 U₁²	均匀性检验 U₂²	均匀性检验 U₃²	Smirnov检验 nW²	Kolmogorov检验 Dn
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁120’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing120	2MG-AD	0.3177 (0.5729)	1.796 (0.1801)	10.0979 (0.0015)^**	5.2314 (0.0025)^**	0.1668 (0)^**
	2MG-EA	0.0591 (0.8080)	0.0057 (0.9401)	0.4103 (0.5216)	3.5641 (0.0004)^**	0.1203 (0)^**
	1MG-AD	0.0435 (0.8348)	0.0656 (0.7980)	0.0467 (0.8290)	3.5396 (0.0003)^**	0.1206 (0)^**
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁151’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing151	2MG-AD	0.1133 (0.7364)	1.6842 (0.1944)	15.11 (0.0001)^**	2.3344 (0)^**	0.1112 (0)^**
	2MG-ADI	0.0162 (0.8986)	0.0787 (0.7790)	0.3958 (0.5293)	2.111 (0)^**	0.1211 (0)^**
	1MG-A	0.0239 (0.8770)	0.0534 (0.8172)	0.1058 (0.7449)	1.4513 (0)^**	0.0823 (0)^**
‘矮脚黄’×‘花心乌’ Aijiaohuang×Huaxinwu	2MG-ADI	0.0002 (0.9988)	0.0276 (0.8681)	0.3722 (0.5419)	1.1246 (0.0013)^**	0.0899 (0)^**
	1MG-AD	0.001 (0.9750)	0.0341 (0.8534)	0.3823 (0.5365)	1.3171 (0)^**	0.0891 (0)^**
	1MG-A	0.3326 (0.5641)	0.3041 (0.5814)	0.0008 (0.9773)	1.7606 (0)^**	0.1189 (0)^**
‘花心乌’×‘矮脚黄’ Huaxinwu×Aijiaohuang	2MG-A	0.0507 (0.8220)	0.056 (0.8129)	3.3053 (0.0690)	3.3465 (0)^**	0.1382 (0)^**
	1MG-AD	0.1057 (0.7451)	0.1716 (0.6787)	0.1581 (0.6907)	2.583 (0)^**	0.1105 (0)^**
	1MG-A	0.002 (0.9647)	0.0796 (0.7778)	0.9151 (0.3385)	2.7008 (0)^**	0.1143 (0)^**
‘黑心乌’×‘苏州青’ Heixinwu×Suzhouqing	2MG-ADI	0.0014 (0.9702)	0.0266 (0.8705)	0.2571 (0.6120)	0.8544 (0.0054)^**	0.0758 (0)^**
	1MG-AD	0.004 (0.9494)	0.0629 (0.8018)	0.5738 (0.4483)	0.8886 (0.0045)^**	0.0806 (0)^**
	1MG-NCD	0.0041 (0.9491)	0.2829 (0.5948)	5.6408 (0.0176)^*	1.2933 (0.0005)^**	0.0958 (0)^**
‘苏州青’×‘黑心乌’ Suzhouqing×Heixinwu	2MG-AD	0.0956 (0.7572)	0.0001 (0.9940)	1.364 (0.2431)	1.9938 (0)^**	0.0968 (0)^**
	1MG-AD	0.0669 (0.7959)	0.0248 (0.8749)	0.1385 (0.7100)	2.0132 (0)^**	0.0957 (0)^**
	2MG-ADI	0.0112 (0.9158)	0.0128 (0.9098)	0.0019 (0.9651)	1.8842 (0)^**	0.0863 (0)^**

表3

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杂交组合 Hybrid combinations	F₂群体单株数 Numbers of F₂ populations	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	变异系数 CV (%)
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁120’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing120	1121	4.92±1.731	35.18
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁151’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing151	1134	5.18±2.585	49.90
‘矮脚黄’×‘花心乌’ Aijiaohuang×Huaxinwu	1021	5.77±3.388	58.72
‘花心乌’×‘矮脚黄’ Huaxinwu×Aijiaohuang	1062	3.45±2.268	65.74
‘黑心乌’×‘苏州青’ Heixinwu×Suzhouqing	1008	5.69±3.936	69.17
‘苏州青’×‘黑心乌’ Suzhouqing×Heixinwu	1148	5.19±2.729	52.60

杂交组合 Hybrid combination	模型 Model	极大似然值 MLV	AIC值 AIC value
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁120’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing120	2MG-AD	6303.319	-12594.6
	2MG-EA	-2053.34	4112.688
	1MG-AD	-2103.17	4214.339
‘金黄乌’×‘芜菁151’ Jinhuangwu×Wujing151	2MG-AD	14253.29	-28494.6
	2MG-ADI	-2303.62	4627.247
	1MG-A	-2589.18	5184.353
‘矮脚黄’×‘花心乌’ Aijiaohuang×Huaxinwu	2MG-ADI	-2392.78	4805.549
	1MG-AD	-2454.5	4916.997
	1MG-A	-2482.27	4970.536
‘花心乌’×‘矮脚黄’ Huaxinwu×Aijiaohuang	2MG-A	3830.203	-7652.41
	1MG-AD	-2188.26	4384.519
	1MG-A	-2194.83	4395.666
‘黑心乌’×‘苏州青’ Heixinwu×Suzhouqing	2MG-ADI	-2445.67	4911.346
	1MG-AD	-2477.32	4962.634
	1MG-NCD	-2529.39	5066.782
‘苏州青’×‘黑心乌’ Suzhouqing×Heixinwu	2MG-AD	2462.856	-4913.71
	1MG-AD	-2616.67	5241.349
	2MG-ADI	-2634.3	5288.6