切花小菊绿心性状杂种优势与混合遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】绿心性状是单瓣切花小菊重要的观赏性状，研究切花小菊绿心性状杂种优势和遗传基础以利于指导绿心切花小菊的选育工作。【方法】分别以‘南农丰收’（黄心小菊）×‘南农红霞’（绿心小菊）的81个杂交后代和‘南农红云’（绿心小菊）×‘南农小清新’（绿心小菊）的70个杂交后代作为遗传群体，选取花心颜色等级得分值（简称花心颜色值，下同）、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期等3个指标对F₁代绿心性状杂种优势进行分析，同时运用单个世代主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对绿心性状进行遗传分析。【结果】2个组合F₁代群体各指标变异系数范围为24.88%—90.76%，组合I（黄心×绿心）各指标变异程度普遍大于组合II（绿心×绿心），组合II各指标平均值普遍优于组合I。组合I花心颜色值、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期的中亲优势分别为-0.14、-3.42和0.11，除绿心持续期杂种优势为正值，其他指标杂种优势均为负值；组合II花心颜色值、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期的中亲优势分别为-0.11、-10.61和-1.02，绿心持续期的超亲优势为-0.52。2个组合F₁群体均存在正向和负向超亲个体。组合I和组合II的F₁代花心颜色中绿色占比分别为3.70%和2.86%，父本颜色和比母本颜色低一等级的颜色在后代中占比接近且较大，均大于等于20.00%。2个组合绿心颜色得分、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期均由2对主基因控制，除花心颜色值为负向效应外，其他指标表现为正向增效效应。花心颜色值、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期的主基因遗传力分别为98.64%—98.83%、95.04%—96.54%和66.73%—92.52%。2个组合花心颜色值、绿心相对面积与绿心持续期两两之间均呈显著正相关。【结论】F₁代超亲分离现象普遍存在，可选取其中有利个体进行选育，绿色花心颜色遗传能力弱，选择花心颜色为绿色的品种做父本，有利于提高后代出现绿色花心的可能性。花心颜色值、绿心相对面积和绿心持续期均具有高遗传力，适于早期世代选择，各指标之间的正相关性有利于集中优势选育绿心小菊。

Abstract: 【Objective】 Green-center trait is an important ornamental trait of spray cut chrysanthemum, and the study of heterosis and genetic basis of green-center trait will provide an invaluable guidance for breeding program of spray cut chrysanthemum with green center. 【Method】In this study, inheritance and heterosis analyses were carried out for three green-center traits of spray cut chrysanthemum, i.e. the score of inflorescence center color (referred to as the inflorescence center color value, the same as below), the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green, respectively. They were based on phenotypic data of 81 F₁ population derived from yellow-center chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Nannongfengshou’ (female parent) and green-center chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Nannonghongxia’ (male parent), and 70 F₁ population derived from green-center chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Nannonghongyun’ (female parent) and green-center chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Nannongxiaoqingxin’ (male parent) by using single generation segregation analysis method of major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. 【Result】 The coefficient of variation of the two F₁ hybrids was 24.88%-90.76%. The variation degree of Cross Combination I (yellow-center × green-center) was generally higher than that of Cross Combination II (green-center × green-center), but the average of Cross Combination II was generally better than that of Cross Combination I. In addition, the predominance of the inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green from Cross Combination I were -0.14, -3.42, and 0.11, respectively. The period of inflorescence center keeping green was positive, whereas other indicators of heterosis were negative. The predominance of the inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green from Cross Combination II were -0.11 -10.61 and -1.02, respectively. The over-parent heterosis of the period of inflorescence center keeping green was -0.52, which was worse than those of parents. There were positive and negative super-individuals in the two groups. The green inflorescence center color of F₁ in Cross Combination I and Cross Combination II were 3.70% and 2.86%, respectively. The paternal flower color and the color which was one level lower than maternal flower color accounted for a similar proportion in the offspring and the proportion was more than 20.00%. The inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green were controlled by two pairs of major genes. The inflorescence center color value showed the negative effect, whereas the other two indicators showed positive effect. Furthermore, the inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green were 98.64%-98.83%, 95.04%-96.54%, and 66.73%-92.52%, respectively. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation among the inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green. 【Conclusion】 The heterosis and transgressive segregation of inflorescence traits commonly existed in F₁ hybrid progenies of chrysanthemum, so we could choose individuals that were beneficial to the breeding. The genetic potential of the green inflorescence center color was weak, and we choose the cultivars as pollen donors in order to increase the numbers of green-center offspring. In addition, the heritabilities of the inflorescence center color value, the green-center relative area, and the period of inflorescence center keeping green were high, which was suitable for the selection in early generation. Finally, the positive correlation among the indicators was useful green-center chrysanthemum breeding.

赵倩茹，钟兴华，张飞，房伟民，陈发棣，滕年军. 切花小菊绿心性状杂种优势与混合遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(5): 964-976.

ZHAO QianRu, ZHONG XingHua, ZHANG Fei, FANG WeiMin, CHEN FaDi, TENG NianJun. Heterosis and Mixed Genetic Analysis of Green-Center Trait of Spray Cut Chrysanthemum[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(5): 964-976.

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