中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (20): 3945-3956.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.20.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

2000—2020年四川小麦育成品种产量增益分析

罗江陶(), 郑建敏, 邓清燕, 刘培勋, 蒲宗君()   

  1. 四川省农业科学院作物研究所(四川省种质资源中心)/粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02 接受日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2024-10-24
  • 通信作者:
    蒲宗君,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 罗江陶,E-mail:jtluohao@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家农业科技重大专项(NK20220607); 四川省科技计划(2022YFSY0015); 四川省科技计划(2022ZZCX003); 四川省科技计划(2021YFYZ0002); 四川省科技计划(2022ZSZX0014)

Yield Gain Analysis of Wheat Varieties in Sichuan from 2000 to 2020

LUO JiangTao(), ZHENG JianMin, DENG QingYan, LIU PeiXun, PU ZongJun()   

  1. Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academic of Agricultural Sciences (Sichuan Provincial Germplasm Resources Center)/ Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2024-04-02 Accepted:2024-04-22 Published:2024-10-16 Online:2024-10-24

摘要:

【目的】分析2000—2020年四川小麦品种的产量及产量相关性状变化趋势,为四川小麦品种的产量遗传改良提供参考。【方法】2019—2022年,采用小区试验设计,测定2001—2016年以来145份四川省审定小麦品种及2000—2020年以来的60份高产小麦品种(四川省历年区试中产量位于前列的品种)的产量及产量相关性状,进而分析2000—2020年来四川小麦育成品种的产量及产量相关性状的变化趋势。【结果】145份2001—2016年四川小麦品种产量年均遗传增益为37.20 kg·hm-2或0.66%,穗粒数和单位面积有效穗数呈增加趋势,千粒重和株高呈降低趋势。相关分析表明,单位面积有效穗数和产量呈极显著正相关,通径分析表明,单位面积有效穗数的持续增加(年均增加0.42×104/hm2或0.13%)是145份2001—2016年四川小麦品种产量潜力提升的主要因素;60份2000—2020年四川高产小麦品种产量年均遗传增益为61.10 kg·hm-2或0.89%,单位面积有效穗数呈增加趋势,株高呈降低趋势,穗粒数和千粒重几乎无变化。相关分析表明,产量与单位有效面积穗数呈显著正相关,通径分析表明,单位面积有效穗数的持续增加(年均增加1.80×104/hm2或0.51%)也是60份2000—2020年四川高产小麦品种产量潜力提升的主要因素。【结论】近20年来,四川省小麦产量遗传改良育种取得一定进展,尤其是高产育种产量改良效果显著,四川省小麦品种产量水平正在逐步提升,单位面积有效穗数的持续增加是四川小麦品种产量潜力提升的主要因素。在产量要素中,高穗粒数和千粒重是四川小麦高产的重要基础,但其遗传改良处于瓶颈期。在此基础上,增加单位面积有效穗数是四川小麦产量进一步提升的关键。

关键词: 四川小麦, 品种, 遗传增益, 产量, 产量相关性状

Abstract:

【Objective】Analyzing the yield and yield related traits of Sichuan wheat varieties from 2000 to 2020, providing reference for genetic improvement of yield in Sichuan wheat varieties. 【Method】From 2019 to 2022, a community trial design was used to measure the yield and related traits of 145 wheat varieties in Sichuan Province since 2001 to 2016, as well as 60 high-yield wheat varieties (Varieties with top yields in regional trials in Sichuan Province over the years) since 2000 to 2020. This data was used to analyze the trend of yield and yield related trait changes in Sichuan wheat cultivars cultivated from 2000 to 2020. 【Result】145 Sichuan wheat varieties from 2001 to 2016 have an average annual genetic gain of 37.20 kg·hm-2 or 0.66% in yield. Grain number per spike and effective spike number per unit area showed an increasing trend, while thousand grain weight and plant height showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that effective spike number per unit area was positively correlated with yield. Path analysis showed that the continuous increase of effective spike number per unit area (annual increase 0.42×104/hm2 or 0.13%) was the main factor for the increase of yield potential of high-yielding varieties. The average annual yield genetic gain of 60 high-yield wheat varieties from 2000 to 2020 was 61.10 kg·hm-2 or 0.89%, the effective spike number per unit area showed an increasing trend, the plant height showed a decreasing trend, and the grain number per spike and thousand grain weight had almost no change. Correlation analysis shows that there was a significant positive correlation between yield and the number of effective ears per unit area. Path analysis showed that the continuous increase in effective spike number per unit area (with an average annual increase of 1.80×104/hm2 or 0.51%) was also a major factor in improving the yield potential of 60 high-yield wheat varieties in Sichuan from 2000 to 2020. 【Conclusion】The improvement and breeding of wheat yield heritage in Sichuan Province has made some progress, especially the improvement effect of high yield breeding is remarkable, and the yield level of wheat varieties in Sichuan Province is gradually increasing. The continuous increase in effective ears per unit area was the main factor for improving the yield potential of Sichuan wheat varieties. High grain number per spike and thousand grain weight are important foundations for high yield in Sichuan wheat, but their genetic improvement is in a bottleneck period. Increasing the effective spike number per unit area is the key to furtherly improve the yield of wheat in Sichuan.

Key words: Sichuan wheat, breed, genetic gain, yield, yield related trait