陆地棉GhAARS Ⅰ家族基因的鉴定及GhAARS Ⅰ-17调控株高的功能分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (20): 4447-4460.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

陆地棉GhAARS Ⅰ家族基因的鉴定及GhAARS Ⅰ-17调控株高的功能分析

冯誉誉¹(), 周亚荣¹, 柴莺莺¹, 杨军宁¹, 魏佳智¹, 俞晓雪¹, 赵岩¹, 马雄风², 王彩香¹(), 宿俊吉¹()

¹ 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院/干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，兰州 730070
² 中国农业科学院棉花研究所，河南安阳 455000

收稿日期:2026-02-13 接受日期:2026-04-10 出版日期:2026-10-16 发布日期:2026-10-21
通信作者:
宿俊吉，E-mail：sujj@gsau.edu.cn。
王彩香，E-mail：wangcaix@gsau.edu.cn
联系方式: 冯誉誉，E-mail：13893051593@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32572431); 新疆自治区重点研发任务专项(2025B02001-2); 新疆棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家(XJARS-03-06)

Genetic Identification of the GhAARS Ⅰ Family in Upland Cotton and Functional Analysis of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 in Regulating Plant Height

FENG YuYu¹(), ZHOU YaRong¹, CHAI YingYing¹, YANG JunNing¹, WEI JiaZhi¹, YU XiaoXue¹, ZHAO Yan¹, MA XiongFeng², WANG CaiXiang¹(), SU JunJi¹()

¹ College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
² Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan

Received:2026-02-13 Accepted:2026-04-10 Published:2026-10-16 Online:2026-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】株高是棉花重要的农艺性状，对其产量、纤维品质和机械化采收效率具有直接影响。在多种植物中，氨酰-tRNA合成酶参与发育调控过程。在全基因组水平鉴定陆地棉Ⅰ类氨酰-tRNA合成酶家族成员，解析其进化特征与表达模式，并重点探究GhAARS Ⅰ-17在株高调控中的功能，发掘可用于辅助育种的优异等位变异，为培育适宜机械化生产的棉花品种提供基因资源与理论依据。【方法】基于棉花多组学数据库及多个植物基因组数据库，利用隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）鉴定陆地棉和其他9个物种的AARS Ⅰ家族成员。采用最大似然法构建系统进化树，结合共线性、基因结构、保守基序和启动子顺式作用元件分析，揭示该家族的进化历程与结构特征。利用组织特异性RNA-seq数据和RT-qPCR分析基因表达模式，筛选与株高相关的候选基因。通过病毒诱导基因沉默（virus induced gene silencing，VIGS）技术在陆地棉中对候选基因进行功能验证，观察植株表型。基于已发表的陆地棉种质资源的基因组数据，对其编码区进行SNP鉴定和关联分析，验证其与株高的遗传关联，并分析优异等位变异在不同生态棉区的分布频率，开发KASP（kompetitive allele-specific PCR）标记。【结果】在陆地棉中共鉴定出18个GhAARS Ⅰs，系统进化分析将其分为3个亚族，各含6个成员，且按催化氨基酸类型可进一步分为缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和甲硫氨酸相关亚类，其中，缬氨酸与异亮氨酸成员数量较多。共线性分析表明，该家族基因在棉属间保守性较高，且在陆地棉中的扩张主要源于片段复制事件。基因结构与保守基序分析显示，同一亚族成员结构相似。启动子区域富含光响应、激素响应元件，提示其在棉花生长发育过程中参与多种调控途径。RNA-seq数据和RT-qPCR分析表明，GhAARS Ⅰ-17在根、茎和花萼中高表达，且在高秆品种中高表达。利用VIGS对GhAARS Ⅰ-17进行功能鉴定，结果表明，与对照相比，GhAARS Ⅰ-17沉默植株株高降低5.45 cm，茎粗减少0.78 mm。育种演化分析发现，GhAARS Ⅰ-17中C基因型为优异等位变异，且在陆地棉育种过程中受到选择；在此基础上，开发了可用于区分该等位变异位点的KASP分子标记。【结论】GhAARS Ⅰ-17参与株高调控，其功能缺失会导致植株矮化、叶绿素含量降低和生物量积累不足，该基因的优异等位变异与株高性状密切相关。

关键词: 陆地棉, 株高, 叶绿素, GhAARS Ⅰ-17, 病毒诱导基因沉默

Abstract:

【Objective】Plant height is an important agronomic trait of cotton, which directly affects crop yield, fiber quality, and the efficiency of mechanized harvesting. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been reported to be involved in the developmental regulation process in various plants. This study aimed to identify members of the Class Ⅰ AARS family in upland cotton at the whole-genome level, analyze their evolutionary characteristics and expression patterns, explore the function of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 in regulating plant height, and discover superior allelic variations applicable for marker-assisted breeding, so as to provide genetic resources and a theoretical basis for cultivating cotton varieties suitable for mechanized production.【Method】Based on the cotton multi-omics database and multiple plant genome databases, members of the AARS Ⅰ family in upland cotton and nine other species were identified using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method, and synteny, gene structure, conserved motifs, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed to reveal the evolutionary history and structural characteristics of this family. Tissue-specific RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR were used to analyze gene expression patterns and screen candidate genes related to plant height. Functional validation of the candidate gene was performed in upland cotton via Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), followed by phenotypic observation of the plants. Based on published genomic data of upland cotton germplasm resources, SNP identification and association analysis were conducted on the coding regions to verify the genetic association with plant height. The distribution frequency of superior allelic variations in different ecological cotton regions was analyzed, and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed.【Result】A total of 18 GhAARS Ⅰ genes were identified in upland cotton. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into three subfamilies, with six members in each. According to the type of catalytic amino acid, they could be further divided into valine-, isoleucine-, leucine-, and methionine-related subclasses, among which valine and isoleucine accounted for more members. Synteny analysis showed that this family was highly conserved among Gossypium species, and its expansion in upland cotton was mainly derived from segmental duplication events. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis indicated that members of the same subfamily shared similar structures. The promoter regions were rich in light-responsive and hormone-responsive cis-acting elements, suggesting their involvement in multiple regulatory pathways during cotton growth and development. RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that GhAARS Ⅰ-17 was highly expressed in roots, stems, and calyxes, with higher expression levels in tall varieties. Functional verification of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 via VIGS showed that compared with the control, GhAARS Ⅰ-17-silenced plants had a 5.45 cm reduction in plant height and a 0.78 mm reduction in stem diameter. Breeding evolution analysis revealed that the C genotype of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 was a superior allelic variant, which was selected during upland cotton breeding. On this basis, KASP molecular markers were developed to distinguish this allelic variation locus.【Conclusion】GhAARS Ⅰ-17 is involved in the regulation of plant height. Its functional deficiency leads to dwarfism of the plant, decreased chlorophyll content and insufficient biomass accumulation; the superior allelic variation of this gene is closely related to the plant height trait.

Key words: Upland cotton, plant height, chlorophyll, GhAARS Ⅰ-17, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)

冯誉誉, 周亚荣, 柴莺莺, 杨军宁, 魏佳智, 俞晓雪, 赵岩, 马雄风, 王彩香, 宿俊吉. 陆地棉GhAARS Ⅰ家族基因的鉴定及GhAARS Ⅰ-17调控株高的功能分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(20): 4447-4460.

FENG YuYu, ZHOU YaRong, CHAI YingYing, YANG JunNing, WEI JiaZhi, YU XiaoXue, ZHAO Yan, MA XiongFeng, WANG CaiXiang, SU JunJi. Genetic Identification of the GhAARS Ⅰ Family in Upland Cotton and Functional Analysis of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 in Regulating Plant Height[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(20): 4447-4460.

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陆地棉GhAARS Ⅰ家族基因的鉴定及GhAARS Ⅰ-17调控株高的功能分析

Genetic Identification of the GhAARS Ⅰ Family in Upland Cotton and Functional Analysis of GhAARS Ⅰ-17 in Regulating Plant Height

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