中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 1761-1771.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.009
收稿日期:
2018-12-14
接受日期:
2019-02-18
出版日期:
2019-05-16
发布日期:
2019-05-23
通讯作者:
曹红霞
作者简介:
王虎兵,E-mail: 基金资助:
WANG HuBing,CAO HongXia(),HAO ShuXue,PAN XiaoYan
Received:
2018-12-14
Accepted:
2019-02-18
Online:
2019-05-16
Published:
2019-05-23
Contact:
HongXia CAO
摘要:
【目的】探究水肥耦合对番茄植株养分吸收和光合参数的影响及其相互关系,为西北温室番茄科学水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】通过日光温室番茄试验,基于水分蒸发量设置3个灌水量:1.00E(W1)、0.75E(W2)、0.50E(W3)和3个施肥水平(N-P2O5-K2O):高肥320-160-320 kg?hm -2(F1)、中肥240-120-240 kg?hm -2(F2)和低肥160-80-160 kg?hm -2(F3),以当地常规灌水施肥为对照(CK)。 【结果】结果表明,不同水肥处理对番茄叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素含量影响显著(P<0.05),均随灌水施肥量的增加而增加。LAI在成熟采摘期达最大,而叶绿素含量随植株生长先增加后降低,果实膨大期达到最大。叶片N、P、K含量呈N>K>P,分别在22.83—47.20、4.45—7.08和22.00—34.92 g?kg -1间变化,提高灌水量与施肥量利于提高叶片养分含量、植株养分累积及养分向果实的转移,W1F1处理下叶片N、P、K含量及植株N、K和果实养分累积量均达到最大(除51 d叶片N和89 d叶片P含量外)。灌水和施肥对植株净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)影响显著(P<0.05),适当增加灌水量与施肥量,能够提高植株Pn、Gs、Tr。整个生育期W1F1处理下Pn最大,而Tr在CK下最大(90 d除外)。在成熟采摘期水胁迫显著降低了Pn,而在W1水平继续灌水对提高Pn、Gs、Tr不明显。番茄各生育期叶片N、P、K含量与叶绿素含量和Pn均呈显著正相关关系,植株和果实养分累积量与净光合速率和产量均呈显著正相关关系。 【结论】综合考虑叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、植株养分吸收累积及最终产量,W1F1处理(灌水量1.0E,施肥量N-P2O5-K2O 320-160-320 kg?hm -2)为最优灌水施肥组合。
王虎兵, 曹红霞, 郝舒雪, 潘小燕. 温室番茄植株养分和光合对水肥耦合的响应及其与产量关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(10): 1761-1771.
WANG HuBing, CAO HongXia, HAO ShuXue, PAN XiaoYan. Responses of Plant Nutrient and Photosynthesis in Greenhouse Tomato to Water-Fertilizer Coupling and Their Relationship with Yield[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(10): 1761-1771.
表1
不同水肥处理对番茄不同生育期叶面积指数和叶绿素含量的影响"
灌溉水平 Irrigation level | 施肥水平 Fertilizer level | 叶面积指数LAI | 叶绿素含量Chl (g?kg-1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
51 d | 63 d | 89 d | 117 d | 52 d | 6 5d | 90 d | 118 d | ||
F1 | 1.39a | 2.51a | 3.77ab | 4.48ab | 2.16a | 2.42a | 3.14a | 2.78a | |
W1 | F2 | 1.38a | 2.36b | 3.60abc | 4.08bc | 2.14a | 2.21b | 3.03b | 2.65abc |
F3 | 1.25abc | 2.19c | 3.18bcd | 3.80cd | 2.00bc | 2.10cd | 2.84c | 2.62bcd | |
F1 | 1.30abc | 2.21c | 2.92cde | 3.59de | 2.05ab | 2.10c | 2.95b | 2.63bc | |
W2 | F2 | 1.21abc | 2.24bc | 2.82de | 3.42def | 1.96bcd | 2.07cd | 2.79c | 2.56cd |
F3 | 1.04bc | 2.00d | 2.71de | 3.12fg | 1.90cd | 2.00d | 2.63d | 2.39ef | |
F1 | 1.22abc | 1.82e | 2.91cde | 3.20efg | 1.85d | 2.04cd | 2.55de | 2.54cde | |
W3 | F2 | 1.05bc | 1.99d | 2.68de | 3.10fg | 1.92bcd | 2.00cd | 2.63d | 2.47def |
F3 | 1.01c | 1.52f | 2.41e | 2.89g | 1.69e | 1.86e | 2.51e | 2.37f | |
CK | 1.31ab | 2.60a | 3.96a | 4.62a | 2.05ab | 2.35a | 3.02b | 2.75ab | |
灌溉 Irrigation | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
施肥 Fertilization | * | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×Fertilization | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | * | ** | ns |
表2
不同水肥处理对番茄不同生育期叶片N、P和K含量的影响"
灌溉水平 Irrigation level | 施肥水平 Fertilizer level | 叶片N含量 Leaf N content (g?kg-1) | 叶片P含量 Leaf P content (g?kg-1) | 叶片K含量 Leaf K content (g?kg-1) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
51 d | 63 d | 89 d | 117 d | 51 d | 63 d | 89 d | 117 d | 51 d | 63 d | 89 d | 117 d | ||
F1 | 44.89ab | 47.20a | 42.95a | 37.62a | 6.65a | 6.90a | 6.83a | 6.58a | 32.98a | 33.52a | 34.92a | 28.23a | |
W1 | F2 | 45.59a | 45.68ab | 38.82abcd | 35.68ab | 6.22ab | 6.84a | 6.77a | 5.70abc | 30.45abc | 31.52abc | 31.57abc | 26.32ab |
F3 | 44.17abc | 43.64abc | 36.03cde | 30.92bc | 6.16abc | 6.29abc | 6.35ab | 5.65bc | 29.27bcd | 29.62bcd | 30.67abc | 25.27abc | |
F1 | 44.32abc | 44.39abc | 39.94abc | 35.08ab | 6.14abc | 6.52ab | 6.80a | 6.47ab | 30.17bcd | 32.03ab | 32.95ab | 26.37ab | |
W2 | F2 | 41.74c | 41.53bc | 36.54bcde | 33.80ab | 5.31cd | 6.31abc | 6.23ab | 5.60bc | 28.10cd | 30.52bc | 28.37abc | 22.95cd |
F3 | 42.94abc | 43.22abc | 35.86cde | 26.83cd | 5.67bcd | 6.49ab | 6.32ab | 4.45d | 27.98cd | 29.07bcd | 28.30abc | 23.38bcd | |
F1 | 42.05c | 43.10abc | 36.00cde | 32.59b | 6.10abc | 6.37ab | 6.24ab | 6.46ab | 28.55cd | 30.12bcd | 31.30abc | 23.62bcd | |
W3 | F2 | 42.37bc | 41.00c | 34.72de | 25.62d | 5.30cd | 5.95bc | 6.61ab | 4.97cd | 28.07cd | 27.45d | 27.20bc | 25.00abcd |
F3 | 36.32d | 36.57d | 33.76e | 22.83d | 5.06d | 5.70c | 5.64b | 4.62d | 27.48d | 28.53cd | 24.52c | 22.00d | |
CK | 44.09abc | 41.40bc | 40.96ab | 34.45ab | 6.38ab | 6.59a | 7.08a | 5.70abc | 31.40ab | 30.63abc | 34.35ab | 26.23ab | |
灌溉 Irrigation | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ns | ** | * | * | * | |
施肥 Fertilization | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ns | ns | ** | * | * | * | * | |
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×Fertilization | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表3
不同水肥处理对番茄不同生育期植株Pn、Gs和Tr的影响"
灌溉水平 Irrigation level | 施肥水平 Fertilizer level | 净光合速率Pn (μmol?m-2?s-1) | 气孔导度Gs (mol?m-2?s-1) | 蒸腾速率Tr (mmol?m-2?s-1) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | 52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | 52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | ||
F1 | 22.92a | 27.24a | 25.46a | 23.20a | 1.31a | 1.15b | 1.16a | 0.83a | 8.54abc | 15.89a | 15.87a | 13.81ab | |
W1 | F2 | 21.71bc | 26.22ab | 22.34bc | 20.79b | 1.24a | 1.06c | 0.96bc | 0.70b | 7.97bc | 14.49b | 14.02b | 13.15bc |
F3 | 21.41c | 24.35b | 19.47de | 18.53c | 1.05b | 1.02c | 0.76d | 0.63b | 7.13cde | 14.22b | 12.11cd | 12.83c | |
F1 | 20.70c | 24.28b | 20.96cd | 19.35bc | 1.01b | 0.89d | 0.89c | 0.66b | 7.42bcde | 12.82c | 12.42c | 13.02bc | |
W2 | F2 | 18.61d | 20.90c | 18.97de | 18.20cd | 0.99bc | 0.86de | 0.74d | 0.62bc | 8.90ab | 12.54cd | 11.59cde | 12.44cd |
F3 | 18.28d | 19.50cd | 18.81de | 16.53d | 0.90cd | 0.84de | 0.63e | 0.53cd | 7.60bcd | 12.42cd | 11.99cd | 11.55de | |
F1 | 16.50e | 19.01cd | 18.24de | 14.50e | 0.61f | 0.80ef | 0.58e | 0.44de | 8.36bc | 11.91cd | 11.08def | 10.83e | |
W3 | F2 | 16.81e | 18.45d | 18.47de | 14.65e | 0.88d | 0.73f | 0.62e | 0.48de | 5.82e | 11.71d | 10.47ef | 11.40e |
F3 | 16.10e | 18.14d | 17.24e | 14.32e | 0.73e | 0.63g | 0.42f | 0.42e | 6.07de | 10.24e | 10.22f | 10.62e | |
CK | 22.87ab | 25.45ab | 24.83ab | 23.18a | 1.29a | 1.37a | 1.02b | 0.83a | 10.07a | 16.54a | 14.80ab | 14.13a | |
灌溉 Irrigation | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
施肥 Fertilization | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | * | |
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×Fertilization | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | ns | ** | ns | * | ns | ** | ns |
表4
灌水和施肥对番茄植株及果实养分累积量的影响"
灌溉水平 Irrigation level | 施肥水平 Fertilizer level | 植株养分累积量 Plant nutrient accumulation amount (kg?hm-2) | 果实养分累积量 Fruit nutrient accumulation amount (kg?hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | N | P | K | ||
F1 | 270.95a | 74.80ab | 330.36a | 129.19a | 38.01a | 232.91a | |
W1 | F2 | 239.46bc | 71.16abc | 298.19bc | 113.54b | 36.11abc | 208.22bc |
F3 | 225.29cd | 68.37c | 290.41cd | 110.69b | 35.00abcd | 203.21bc | |
F1 | 236.92bc | 69.54bc | 294.82bcd | 110.29b | 33.19cde | 203.30bc | |
W2 | F2 | 217.40d | 65.97cd | 277.67de | 103.18bcd | 32.14de | 194.94cd |
F3 | 194.85e | 58.06e | 265.18e | 92.48de | 30.54e | 186.08de | |
F1 | 217.00d | 67.13cd | 289.28cd | 104.91bc | 33.27bcde | 204.92bc | |
W3 | F2 | 197.88e | 61.64de | 276.11de | 96.19cd | 30.24e | 198.93bcd |
F3 | 173.31f | 59.35e | 245.06f | 83.21e | 30.59e | 175.72e | |
CK | 245.80b | 76.26a | 310.73b | 113.20b | 36.56ab | 214.35b | |
灌溉 Irrigation | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
施肥 Fertilization | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | |
灌溉×施肥 Irrigation×Fertilization | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表6
番茄叶绿素含量和净光合速率与叶片养分含量相关关系"
指标 Index | N | P | K | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | 52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | 52 d | 65 d | 90 d | 118 d | |
叶绿素含量 Chl | 0.921** | 0.683* | 0.917** | 0.879** | 0.781** | 0.832** | 0.807** | 0.742* | 0.840** | 0.773** | 0.828** | 0.835** |
净光合速率 Pn | 0.773** | 0.716* | 0.955** | 0.776** | 0.820** | 0.813** | 0.828** | 0.473 | 0.886** | 0.820** | 0.861** | 0.782** |
表7
温室番茄叶绿素含量和净光合速率与叶片养分含量的回归关系"
指标 Index | 定植后天数 Days after transplanting (d) | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 Determination coefficient (R2) | 显著性 Significance (P) |
---|---|---|---|---|
叶绿素含量 Chl | 52d | Y1=-0.843+0.0453XN-0.142XP+0.058XK | 0.973 | <0.001 |
65d | Y1=-0.489-0.017XN+0.401XP+0.025XK | 0.730 | 0.038 | |
90d | Y1=-0.270+0.049XN+0.024XP+0.034XK | 0.906 | 0.002 | |
118d | Y1=1.502+0.011XN-0.026XP+0.029XK | 0.867 | 0.005 | |
净光合速率 Pn | 52d | Y2=-25.158+0.361XN-0.645XP+1.124XK | 0.839 | 0.009 |
65d | Y2=-31.593-0.056XN+4.446XP+0.921XK | 0.727 | 0.039 | |
90d | Y2=-15.121+0.832XN+1.452XP-0.158XK | 0.927 | 0.001 | |
118d | Y2=-3.789+0.537XN-3.864XP+0.887XK | 0.867 | 0.005 |
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