马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性监测及替代药剂防治效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】监测河北、内蒙古、吉林3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌（Phytophthora infestans）对苯基酰胺类杀菌剂甲霜灵的抗性发展动态，筛选甲霜灵的高效替代药剂并对其交替使用防治马铃薯晚疫病的效果进行研究，为甲霜灵抗性严重地区的马铃薯晚疫病防治提供参考。【方法】共采集、分离到634个马铃薯晚疫病菌的单孢菌株，采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性，通过田间药效试验筛选甲霜灵高效替代药剂并评估交替用药对甲霜灵抗性菌株占优势地区马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。【结果】3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵已普遍产生抗性，抗性频率达100%，平均抗性倍数高达34 934，抗性指数为0.97。其中2011—2012年晚疫病菌群体中以中抗菌株和高抗菌株为主，2013—2016年均为高抗菌株。吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的平均抗性倍数略高于河北地区菌株的平均抗性倍数。2011—2012年吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的抗性指数略高于河北地区菌株的抗性指数，2013—2016年3个地区的抗性指数均达到最高值1.00。田间药效试验中按照推荐浓度4次喷药，25%甲霜灵SC、68%精甲·锰锌WG和64%霜·锰锌WP的防治效果分别为37.0%、67.5%和50.9%—65.8%，显著低于80%代森锰锌WP的防治效果（72.8%），而10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP、687.5 g·L^-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、16%氟噻唑吡乙酮·嘧菌酯SC和26%氟噻唑吡乙酮·双炔酰菌胺SC对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果良好（83.9%—90.3%），可作为甲霜灵的替代药剂。将10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP和687.5 g·L^-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC等不同作用机理的高效替代药剂与代森锰锌、嘧菌酯和氟吗啉等药剂交替使用5—6次，对晚疫病防治效果为88.3%—90.5%，比代森锰锌、苯基酰胺类杀菌剂和霜脲·锰锌等常规药剂交替施药区马铃薯增产64.4%—78.3%。【结论】河北、内蒙古和吉林地区马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵普遍产生抗性，导致25%甲霜灵SC、68%精甲·锰锌WG和64%霜·锰锌WP等苯基酰胺类杀菌剂田间防治效果明显下降，生产中应暂停使用含甲霜灵、精甲霜灵和霜灵的杀菌剂防治马铃薯晚疫病。10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP、687.5 g·L^-1氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、16%氟噻唑吡乙酮·嘧菌酯 SC和26%氟噻唑吡乙酮·双炔酰菌胺SC等作用机理不同的药剂可以作为甲霜灵的高效替代药剂。代森锰锌等广谱性保护剂与嘧菌酯、烯酰吗啉、氟吗啉、氟噻唑吡乙酮和氟吡菌胺·霜霉威等高效内吸剂交替使用，可对抗甲霜灵地区的马铃薯晚疫病进行有效治理。

关键词: 马铃薯晚疫病菌, 甲霜灵, 抗性动态, 交替用药, 防治效果

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to clarify the dynamics of resistance to phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl of Phytophthora infestans from potato of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province, screen for highly effective fungicides that can replace metalaxyl, assess the control efficacy against potato late blight of the alternate application of these alternative fungicides, and to provide the clues for control of potato late blight in the regions where P. infestans developed severe resistance to metalaxyl. 【Method】 A total of 634 single cystospore strains of P. infestans were isolated from major production areas of potato of Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Jilin. The sensitivity of 634 P. infestans strains to metalaxyl was determined by the mycelial growth inhibition test. The highly effective fungicides that can replace metalaxyl were screened through the control efficacy trials of fungicides against potato late blight in the fields, the control efficacy of alternate application of alternative fungicides against potato late blight in the area where metalaxy-resistant strains prevailed in P. infestans population was evaluated in the field trials.【Result】P. infestans widely developed resistance to metalaxyl in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Jilin, the frequency of metalaxyl-resistant strains was up to 100% among 634 P. infestans strains collected from 2011-2016. The average resistance factor and resistance index to metalaxyl was 34 934 and 0.97, respectively. Moderately resistant or highly resistant strains predominated in all strains collected from 2011-2012, whereas the highly resistant strains predominated in all strains collected from 2013-2016. The average resistance factor of the strains from Jilin and Inner Mongolia was higher than that of the strains from Hebei. Resistance index of the strains collected from Jilin and Inner Mongolia in 2011-2012 was higher than resistance index of the strains collected from Hebei in 2011-2012. Resistance index of the strains collected from Hebei, Jilin and Inner Mongolia in 2013-2016 reached the maximum 1.00. In the field trials on control efficacy of fungicides applied 4 times at the recommended dosages, 25% metalaxyl SC, 68% mefenoxam·mancozeb WG, and 64% oxadixyl·mancozeb WP provided the efficacies of 37.0%, 67.5% and 50.9-65.8%, respectively, significantly less effective than 80% mancozeb WP (72.8%) in control of potato late blight. Whereas spray of 10% oxathiapiprolin OD, 50% LH-2010A WG, 50% dimethomorph WP, 687.5 g·L^-1 fluopicolide·propamocab hydrochloride SC, 16% oxathiapiprolin·azoxystrobin SC, or 26% oxathiapiprolin·mandipropamid SC gave good control efficacies (83.9%-90.3%) against potato late blight, undertaking of two alternate application programs consisting of 5 or 6 sprays of the highly effective fungicides (such as 10% oxathiapiprolin OD, 50% LH-2010A WG, 50% dimethomorph WP, 687.5 g·L^-1 fluopicolide·propamocab hydrochloride SC) with mancozeb, azoxystrobin, and flumorph provided good control efficacy of 88.3%-90.5%, and the yield in the districts of rotation application of the highly effective fungicides increased by 64.4%-78.3%, compared with the yield in the districts of rotation application of conventional fungicides (such as mancozeb, phenylamide fungicides and cymoxanil·mancozeb). 【Conclusion】 P. infestans widely developed resistance to metalaxyl in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Jilin, which led to significant decrease of effectiveness of phenylamide fungicides including metalaxyl·mancozeb, mefenoxam·mancozeb, and oxadixyl·mancozeb. Spray use of the mixed fungicides containing metalaxyl, oxadixyl, or menfenoxam should be suspended in the regions where metalaxyl-resistant strains prevailed in P. infestans population. The fungicides including 10% oxathiapiprolin OD, 50% LH-2010A WG, 50% dimethomorph WP, 687.5 g·L^-1 fluopicolide·propamocab hydrochloride SC, 16% oxathiapiprolin·azoxystrobin SC, or 26% oxathiapiprolin·mandipropamid SC could replace metalaxyl. The contact fungicides with broad spectrum including mancozeb could be used in alternation with the effective systemic fungicides including azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, flumorph, oxathiapiprolin, and fluopicolide·propamocab hydrochloride for highly effective control of potato late blight.

Key words: Phytophthora infestans, metalaxyl, resistance dynamics, alternate application of fungicides, control efficacy

路粉，赵建江，刘晓芸，孟润杰，吴杰，韩秀英，王文桥. 马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性监测及替代药剂防治效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(14): 2700-2710.

LU Fen, ZHAO JianJiang, LIU XiaoYun, MENG RunJie, WU Jie, HAN XiuYing, WANG WenQiao. Monitoring of Resistance of Phytophthora infestans on Potato to Metalaxyl and the Control Efficacy of Alternative Fungicides[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(14): 2700-2710.

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