生防型菌肥对黄瓜生长及根结线虫病的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.15.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价短短芽孢杆菌、淡紫拟青霉、交枝顶孢霉、钩状木霉等生防菌剂配比的生物有机菌肥对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果以及对黄瓜生长、产量的影响, 确定高效菌肥组合。【方法】将4种菌剂按照国家标准分别与有机肥进行配比形成单菌剂、多菌剂等1—10号菌肥试验设置，以不施肥为空白对照，以有机肥、噻唑膦分别为肥料及化学药剂对照。通过盆栽接种根结线虫、根结线虫病温室小区试验及无根结线虫病田间测产试验等对10种不同配比组合的生物菌肥进行试验，通过对黄瓜产量、株高、地上部鲜重以及黄瓜根结线虫病病情指数的调查分析，比较不同配比组合的生物菌肥对黄瓜根结线虫病防治效果以及对黄瓜生长势、产量的影响。【结果】在盆栽试验中，化学药剂对照噻唑膦处理防治效果最高达到89.2%，显著高于其他处理。在菌肥处理中，5号、6号、9号菌肥处理，防治效果为分别为52.5%、52.5%、54.2%，均在50%以上，显著高于其他菌肥处理。在温室小区试验中，5号、6号、9号生物菌肥处理的防治效果分别为56.8%、57.6%、59.3%，与化学药剂对照噻唑膦处理（61.3%）之间没有显著差异。通过相关性分析证实盆栽试验与温室小区试验中各处理防治效果呈显著正相关，而且多菌剂配比防效好于单菌剂菌肥。同时综合对比盆栽、温室及田间测产试验中各处理的黄瓜株高、地上部鲜重、产量，与空白对照相比，各菌肥处理均具有极显著的促生长和增产作用（P＜0.01），但是不同试验及不同菌肥处理之间存在差异。在田间测产试验中，增产幅度范围为31.7%—74.9%，其中以6号菌肥效果最佳，增产达到74.9%。在盆栽试验和温室小区试验中，1—10号处理中增产效果最为显著的为9号处理，增产分别达到了60.4%和68.1%；其次为1号处理，比对照增产50.8%和55.8%。5号、6号、9号处理不仅可以有效地防治根结线虫病，而且增产促生长作用较为明显，其中9号处理效果最为显著。综合比较盆栽、温室试验的结果，发现菌肥对根结线虫的防治效果与其对黄瓜的增产作用具有一定相关性，但并不显著。【结论】多菌种复合菌肥（5号、6号、9号）对黄瓜根结线虫病防治及增产促生长作用显著，是实现安全高效防治根结线虫病及增产的途径之一，具有重要的应用价值和开发前景。

关键词: 生防型菌肥, 黄瓜, 根结线虫, 防治效果, 增产作用

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes (Brevibacillus brevis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Acremonium implicatum, Trichoderma hamatum) on cucumber growth, yield and the control efficiency against root-knot nematode disease, then screen the efficient combinations of microbes.【Method】Experiments included 10 treatments of bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes (No.1 to 10), which were from different compounds of the four kinds of microbes B. brevis, P. lilacinus, A. implicatum, and T. hamatum, the bioorganic fertilizers and the 10% fosthiazate granules were as the fertilizer and chemical control, respectively, the treatment without any fertilizer and pesticide was as the negative control. Based on the experiments performed in greenhouse and field, the differences of 10 treatments were analyzed by measuring the root-knot nematode disease index, cucumber yield, plant height and shoot fresh weight, and then the effects of bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes on cucumber production and control efficiency of root-knot nematode disease were evaluated【Result】In pot experiments, the control efficiency of fosthiazate treatment was up to 89.2%, which was significantly higher than other treatments and controls. Among the 10 treatments of bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes (No.1 to 10), the control efficiency of root-knot nematode of No. 5, No. 6, No. 9 treatments were 52.5%, 52.5%, and 54.2%, respectively, and the control efficiency of these treatments were higher than other fertilizer treatments. In the greenhouse plot, there was no significant difference in control efficiency among No. 5 (56.8%), No. 6 (57.6%), No. 9 treatments (59.3%) and fosthiazate treatment (61.3%). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation in the root-knot nematodes control efficiency between pot experiments and greenhouse plot, and the control efficiency of multi-microorganisms were better than that of single microorganism usually. Compared with the negative control, all fertilizer treatments increased cucumber growth and yield significantly (p＜0.01), but there were some difference among bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes (No.1 to 10). In field trials, the yield increase was in the range of 31.7%-74.9%, the best treatment was No. 6, and the increased range of which was 74.9%. In pot experiment and greenhouse plot, compared with the negative control, the control efficiency of No. 9 ranked the best in yield, and the increased range was 60.4% and 68.1%, followed by No. 9 treatment, the control efficiency of No.1 were 50.8% and 55.8%, respectively. No. 5, No. 6 and No. 9 treatments could not only control the root-knot nematode disease effectively, but also promoted cucumber growth and increased their production, among them No. 9 treatment was the most effective treatment. There was a correlation in control efficiency of root-knot nematode and production increasing between pot experiment and greenhouse plot, but the correlation level was low. 【Conclusion】The bioorganic fertilizers with multi-microorganisms (No. 5, No. 6 and No. 9) have better effects on cucumber growth, yield and the control efficiency of root-knot nematode disease, thus possessing an important utilization value and research potential in agriculture production.

Key words: bioorganic fertilizers with compound microbes, cucumber, root-knot nematode, control effect, increase production

马玉琴，魏偲，茆振川，杨宇红，冯东昕，谢丙炎. 生防型菌肥对黄瓜生长及根结线虫病的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(15): 2945-2954.

MA Yu-qin, WEI Cai, MAO Zhen-chuan, YANG Yu-hong, FENG Dong-xin, XIE Bing-yan. Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers with Compound Microbes on Cucumber and Root-Knot Nematode[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(15): 2945-2954.

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