10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂的研制及其 对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】获得对多主棒孢（Corynespora cassiicola）抑菌活性高的杀菌剂乙霉威和腐霉利的最佳混配比例,将其加工成微粉剂并确定其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法,测定乙霉威与腐霉利不同配比混合物对多主棒孢的毒力,以Wadley公式评价其协同作用,明确最佳增效组合;通过单因素试验、正交试验筛选载体、助剂及最优配比,确定其最佳配方后,利用气流粉碎机超微粉碎加工成微粉剂,测定其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。【结果】乙霉威与腐霉利以质量比1﹕1、1﹕4进行混配时,对多主棒孢菌株HG09112606、FQ07091401、HG11011509均表现为毒力增效作用,增效系数分别为3.19、2.53、1.68;1.99、1.77、1.98,其中1﹕1的混配组合增效作用较为明显。以质量分数为10%的乙霉威·腐霉利为有效成分,3%的萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物NNO为分散剂,3%的十二烷基硫酸钠K12为表面活性剂,1%的聚氧乙烯烷基醚为稳定剂,15%的白炭黑和补足至100%的硅藻土为载体而研制的10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂粒径为6.18 μm,分散指数95.18%,浮游性指数86.26,含水率1.24%,坡度角67°,热贮分解率4.12%,各项检测结果均符合标准。在盆栽试验中,10%乙霉威?腐霉利微粉剂在用药量为100 g a.i./hm²时喷粉对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果为89.82%,显著高于对照药剂35%苯甲·咪鲜胺水乳剂、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂在推荐用量时喷雾的防治效果;在田间试验中,10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂在用量为100 g a.i./hm ²时喷粉对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果为84.39%,与35%苯甲·咪鲜胺水乳剂在用量为300 g a.i./hm ²、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂在用量为90 g a.i./hm ²时的喷雾防治效果无显著性差异。【结论】乙霉威和腐霉利混配使用对多主棒孢具有不同程度的毒力增效作用;按照选定的配方加工成的10%乙霉威?腐霉利微粉剂粒径小,分散指数、浮游性指数高,贮存稳定,在黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治方面具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 多主棒孢, 黄瓜棒孢叶斑病, 微粉剂, 乙霉威, 腐霉利, 防治效果

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal mixing ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone, which had high inhibitory activity against Corynespora cassiicola, the micropowder was prepared and its control efficacy on cucumber leaf spot was determined in the field. 【Method】 The inhibitory activity of the mixtures at different mixing ratios to C. cassiicola was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The synergistic effect was evaluated according to the Wadley formula and the best synergism combination was defined. Through single factor test, orthogonal test, the carrier, additives and optimal ratio were screened, the best formula was determined and then micropowder was processed by using air jet mill. The control efficacy of micropowder on cucumber leaf spot was determined. 【Result】 When the mass ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone was 1﹕1 and 1﹕4, the virulence synergistic effect against C. cassiicola strains HG09112606, FQ07091401 and HG11011509 was observed, with the synergistic ratios of 3.19, 2.53, 1.68; 1.99, 1.77, 1.98, respectively. Among which, the ratio of 1﹕1 had a significant synergistic effect. Active ingredient diethofencarb and procymidone account for 10%, dispersant NNO accounts for 3%, surfactant K12 accounts for 3%, stabilizer polyoxyethylene alkyl ether accounts for 1%, carrier carbon-white is 15% and diatomite make up to 100%. The results showed that the above formulation had excellent characteristics, and the particle size is 6.18 μm, the dispersion index is 95.18%, the planktonic index is 86.26, the water content is 1.24%, the slope angle is 67°, and the thermal storage decomposition rate is 4.12%. All above test results are in accordance with standard. In the pot experiment, the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 89.82% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm ², which was significantly higher than that of the control agent 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz emulsion in water (EW) and 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate (SC) agent spray at the recommended dosage. In the field test, the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 84.39% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm ², which had no significant difference with that of spray with 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz EW in the amount of 300 g a.i./hm ², 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin SC in the amount of 90 g a.i./hm ². 【Conclusion】Diethofencarb and procymidone used in combinations had different degrees of synergistic interaction against cucumber Corynespora leaf spot. The 10% diethofencarb·procymidone micropowder prepared according to the selected formula has the advantages of small particle size, high dispersion index and planktonic index, and storage stability. It has a broad application prospect in the control of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot.

Key words: Corynespora cassiicola, cucumber Corynespora leaf spot, micropowder, diethofencarb, procymidone, control efficacy

揣红运,石延霞,柴阿丽,杨杰,谢学文,李宝聚. 10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(6): 1009-1020.

CHUAI HongYun,SHI YanXia,CHAI ALi,YANG Jie,XIE XueWen,LI BaoJu. Development of 10% Diethofencarb·Procymidone Micropowder and Its Control Efficacy to Cucumber Corynespora Leaf Spot[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(6): 1009-1020.

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处理Treatment	分散指数Dispersion index (%)	浮游性指数Planktonic index	坡度角Slope angle (°)
凹凸棒土Attapulgite	85.13±0.04b	68.55±0.78b	76.00
硅藻土Diatomite	85.85±0.05b	78.11±2.07a	69.00
白炭黑Carbon-white	91.16±0.04a	60.67±0.88c	67.00
煅烧高岭土Kaolin	90.23±0.04a	61.88±0.98c	71.00
膨润土Bentonite	90.76±0.05a	71.88±0.98b	73.00
滑石粉Talc	87.08±0.06b	53.22±1.63d	69.00

序号 Number		因素Factor				分散指数 Dispersion index (%)	浮游性指数 Planktonic index	坡度角 Slope angle (°)
序号 Number		载体 Carrier (%)	分散剂 Dispersant (%)	表面活性剂 Surfactant (%)	稳定剂 Stabilizer (%)	分散指数 Dispersion index (%)	浮游性指数 Planktonic index	坡度角 Slope angle (°)
1		15.00	2.00	2.00	0.50	93.56±0.15b	83.17±0.27a	68.00
2		15.00	3.00	3.00	1.00	95.18±0.34a	86.26±0.37a	67.00
3		15.00	4.00	4.00	1.50	92.47±1.23b	83.18±1.16a	67.00
4		20.00	2.00	3.00	1.50	81.26±1.26d	80.16±0.94b	74.00
5		20.00	3.00	4.00	0.50	83.39±0.79c	79.45±1.26b	70.00
6		20.00	4.00	2.00	1.00	80.17±0.87d	78.16±0.36b	76.00
7		25.00	2.00	4.00	1.00	78.56±0.60e	78.12±0.95b	79.00
8		25.00	3.00	2.00	1.50	80.17±1.15d	75.36±1.56c	77.00
9		25.00	4.00	3.00	0.50	75.25±0.42f	75.27±0.18c	75.00
分散指数Dispersion index	K1	281.21	253.38	253.90	252.20
	K2	244.82	258.74	251.69	253.91
	K3	233.98	247.89	254.42	253.90
	k1	93.74	84.46	84.63	84.07
	k2	81.61	86.25	83.90	84.64
	k3	77.99	82.63	84.81	84.63
	极差R	15.74	3.62	0.91	0.57
浮游性指数 Planktonic index	K1	252.61	241.45	236.69	237.89
	K2	237.77	241.07	241.69	242.54
	K3	228.75	236.61	240.75	238.70
	k1	84.20	80.48	78.90	79.30
	k2	79.26	80.36	80.56	80.85
	k3	76.25	78.87	80.25	79.57
	极差R	7.95	1.61	1.67	1.55
坡度角 Slope angle	K1	202.00	221.00	221.00	213.00
	K2	220.00	214.00	216.00	222.00
	K3	231.00	218.00	216.00	218.00
	k1	67.33	73.67	73.67	71.00
	k2	73.33	71.33	72.00	74.00
	k3	77.00	72.67	72.00	72.67
	极差R	9.67	2.33	1.67	3.00

样品 Sample	名称 Name	保留时间 Keep time (min)	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	峰面积 Peak area	热贮分解率 Thermal storage decomposition rate (%)
标样98.5%腐霉利和95%乙霉威 Standard 98.5% procymidone· 95% diethofencarb	乙霉威Diethofencarb	18.07	50.00	57666.00	—
	腐霉利Procymidone	19.14	50.00	36991.00	—
热贮前10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 Before thermal storage 10% diethofencarb· procymidone micropowder	乙霉威Diethofencarb	18.07	45.38	52167.00	—
	腐霉利Procymidone	19.14	46.76	127708.00	—
热贮后10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 After thermal storage 10% diethofencarb· procymidone micropowder	乙霉威Diethofencarb	18.07	42.10	49756.00	4.12
	腐霉利Procymidone	19.14	46.28	129915.00	4.12

性能指标 Performance index	微粉剂标准 Micropowder standard	测定结果 Determination result
有效成分Active ingredient (%)	—	10.00
细度Fineness (μm)	≤10.00	6.18
含水率Water content (%)	<1.50	1.24
分散指数 Dispersion index (%)	>20.00	95.18
浮游性指数Planktonic index	>85.00	86.26
坡度角 Slope angle (°)	65.00-75.00	67.00
分解率Decomposition rate (%)	<5.00	4.12

处理 Treatment	使用剂量 Dosage (g a.i./hm²)	施药方式 Processing method	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)
10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone DL	100	喷粉Powder injection	6.50	89.82±0.73a
10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone DL	150	喷粉Powder injection	5.76	90.99±0.32a
10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone DL	100	喷雾Spray	12.60	80.27±0.29c
10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone DL	150	喷雾Spray	7.7	87.95±0.56b
10%乙霉威·腐霉利可湿性粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone WP	100	喷雾Spray	13.68	78.58±1.12c
10%乙霉威·腐霉利可湿性粉剂 10% diethofencarb·procymidone WP	150	喷雾Spray	9.69	84.83±1.72d
35%苯甲·咪鲜胺水乳剂 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz EW	300	喷雾Spray	8.56	86.60±1.15b
43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin SC	90	喷雾Spray	9.33	85.39±1.46d
CK	—	—	63.87	—