马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺抗性突变体的获得及其生物学性状

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.19.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究抗氟吡菌胺突变体对不同杀菌剂的交互抗性并评估马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺的抗性风险。【方法】通过紫外线照射菌丝体、紫外线照射孢子囊和药剂驯化的方法获得抗氟吡菌胺的马铃薯晚疫病菌突变体，计算突变体的突变频率，测定抗性突变体的抗性水平，研究突变体在无药条件下继代培养10代后抗性能否稳定遗传，测定突变体在RSA培养基和离体叶片上的适合度（菌丝生长速率、产孢子囊能力及复合适合度指数），比较抗性菌株与其亲本敏感菌株的竞争力，分析对氟吡菌胺表现不同敏感性的菌株对不同药剂的交互抗性，并通过笔者实验室建立的抗性风险量化标准评定马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺的抗性风险。【结果】共获得21个抗性菌株，抗性水平介于61—3 157倍，紫外线诱导孢子囊的突变率为2.78×10^-7；大多数抗性突变体的适合度与其亲本菌株无显著性差异；竞争力测定试验中，2株突变体的第1、3、7代的共18次抗药频率测定中，有3次测定的抗药频率显著低于初始频率，有4次测定的抗药频率显著高于初始频率，其余11次测定的抗药频率与初始频率均无显著性差异；所有突变菌株的抗药性均能稳定遗传；抗氟吡菌胺菌株及其亲本菌株对氟吡菌胺的lgEC₅₀与这些菌株对嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、霜脲氰、烯酰吗啉、双炔酰菌胺、甲霜灵、氟醚菌酰胺的lgEC₅₀之间的相关系数(r)分别为0.104(p =0.654)、0.311(p =0.170)、0.228(p =0.081)、0.376(p =0.093)、0.214(p =0.351)、0.122(p =0.599)、0.963(p =0.000)；致病疫霉对氟吡菌胺基本抗性风险值为15。【结论】氟吡菌胺与氟醚菌酰胺之间存在交互抗性，与嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、霜脲氰、烯酰吗啉、双炔酰菌胺、甲霜灵之间无交互抗性，马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺的固有抗性风险为高度,应加强马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺的抗性风险管理，建议生产上将氟吡菌胺与其他类药剂交替或混合使用。

关键词: 马铃薯晚疫病菌, 氟吡菌胺, 抗性突变体, 生物学性状, 交互抗性, 基本风险

Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study are to research the cross resistance between fluopicolide and the other fungicides and assess the resistance risk of Phytophthora infestans to fluopicolide. 【Method】The fluopicolide-resistant mutants were acquired by UV irradiating sporangia, UV irradiating mycelia and fungicide taming. The mutation frequency was calculated, the resistance levels were measured, whether the resistance could be inherited stably under the condition of no fungicide after 10 generations was studied, the fitness (including mycelial growth rates, sporulation capacity, and comprehensive fitness index) on RSA medium and detached leaves were measured and the competitiveness of those resistant mutants and their parental isolates were studied. Cross resistance between fluopicolide and other fungicides were analyzed. The resistance risk of P. infestans to fluopicolide was assessed by the resistance risk quantitative evaluation criteria which was created by the authors’ lab. 【Result】Twenty-one fluopicolide-resistant mutants were acquired in this study. The resistance levels of those resistant mutants ranged from 61 to 3 157 and the mutation frequency of UV irradiating sporangia was 2.78×10^-7. The fitness of most of the tested resistant mutants showed no significant difference with their respective parental isolates. In the test of competitiveness, among the 18 resistance frequency measurements of 1st, 3rd and 7th generations of two fluopicolide-resistant mutants, 3 were significantly lower than their parental isolates, 4 were significantly higher than their parental isolates, while the other 11 showed no difference. The resistance of all those 21 fluopicolide-resistance mutants could be inherited stably. The resistance of all those 21 fluopicolide-resistance mutants could be inherited stably. The correlation coefficient (r) between the lgEC₅₀ of the fluopicolide-resistant mutants and the fluopicolide-sensitive isolates to fluopicolide and the lgEC₅₀ of those isolates to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, cymoxanil, dimethomorph, mandipropamid, metalaxyl and fluoride ether bacteria amide were 0.104 (p =0.654), 0.311 (p =0.170), 0.228 (p =0.081), 0.376 (p =0.093), 0.214 (p =0.351), 0.122 (p =0.599), 0.963 (p =0.000). The inherent resistance risk value of P. infestans to fluopicolide was 15.【Conclusion】The cross-resistance relationship was found between fluopicolide and fluoride ether bacteria amide. No cross-resistance relationship was found between fluopicolide and azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, cymoxanil, dimethomorph, mandipropamid and metalaxyl. There could be high inherent risk of P. infestans developing resistance to fluopicolide. The risk management of P. infestans to fuopicolide should be enhanced. It is suggested that the fluopicolide should be used alternately or in mixture with other not cross-resistant fungicides.

Key words: Phytophthora infestans, fluopicolide, resistant mutants, biological characteristics, cross resistance, inherent risk

罗彦涛，孟润杰，赵建江，韩秀英，马志强，王文桥，张小风. 马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟吡菌胺抗性突变体的获得及其生物学性状[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(19): 3733-3745.

LUO Yan-tao, MENG Run-jie, ZHAO Jian-jiang, HAN Xiu-ying, MA Zhi-qiang, WANG Wen-qiao, ZHANG Xiao-feng. Acquisition and Biological Characteristics of Fluopicolide-Resistant Isolates in Phytophthora infestans[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(19): 3733-3745.

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