山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究近年来山东省审定小麦品种的农艺性状和品质指标的演变情况，为小麦育种和生产提供借鉴。【方法】统计1999年至2010年山东省审定的55个小麦品种的18项农艺和品质指标，并对其演变情况和相关性进行了分析。【结果】山东省近年审定品种产量水平呈显著上升趋势，平均每年提高61.65 kg•hm-2，但产量三要素中单位面积穗数和穗粒数变化不明显，只有粒重呈显著上升的趋势，尽管相关系数非常低。生育期平均每年缩短0.57 d，株高、最大分蘖数呈下降趋势，成穗率逐年上升。高产品种单位面积穗数较多，成穗率显著较高，提高成穗率、增加单位面积穗数可能是进一步提高产量潜力的关键。山东省近年审定品种蛋白质和湿面筋含量指标相对较高，但Zeleny沉降值和稳定时间等指标相对较低，指标间不协调。籽粒容重、湿面筋含量和吸水率等指标呈逐年上升的趋势，蛋白质含量、形成时间和稳定时间呈下降的趋势。优质品种粒重显著较低，这也是提高其产量潜力的重点改良性状。总体来看，产量及农艺性状与品质指标负相关，但二者之间在一定范围内还是可以协调的，山东省小麦高产优质育种仍有相当大的空间，育种实践也证明了这一点。【结论】山东省近年来育成小麦品种产量水平稳步提高，中多穗品种更适合山东气候和生产条件，单位面积穗数接近600 m-2、穗粒数40粒、粒重40 mg以上。山东省近年来审定品种总体品质状况较差，而且各项品质指标非常不协调，小麦品质遗传改良研究急需加强。

关键词: 山东省 , 小麦 , 产量 , 品质 , 演变

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of yield potential and processing quality, agronomic and quality traits of 55 wheat cultivars released in Shandong province recently were investigated.【Method】 Eighteen agronomic and quality traits of wheat cultivars released in Shandong province from 1999 to 2010 were analyzed, and their evolution and correlation were also discussed. 【Result】The yields of wheat cultivars released recently in Shandong province increased annually by 61.65 kg•hm-2，though main yield components such as spike number per unit area and kernels per spike changed insignificantly. The growth duration decreased annually by 0.57 d, and plant height and maximum tillers also decreased annually, whereas fertile tiller increased. Compared to the cultivars with lower yield, the cultivars with higher yield had more spikes per unit area and fertile tiller, suggesting that it may be an effective measure to increase yield by improving fertile spikes. Shandong wheat cultivars released recently had relatively high protein and wet gluten content, low Zeleny sedimentation volume and stability time, which was not suitable to end use. The grain test weight, wet gluten content and dough water absorption increased annually, while protein content, dough development time and stability time decreased. The cultivars with good quality had lower kernel weight, which may be the key trait to improve yield. Quality traits had a negative effect on yield and agronomic traits in general, while they can be coordinated to some extent, which had been verified by breeding program. 【Conclusion】Wheat cultivars released recently in Shandong province increased steadily in yield and cultivars with 600 spikes per m2, 40 kernels per spike and 40 mg kernel weight may be more suitable to local weather and production situations. Shandong wheat cultivars released recently had poorer quality in total, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement greatly.

Key words: Shandong province , common wheat , yield , quality , evolution

宋健民, 戴双, 李豪圣, 程敦公, 刘爱峰, 曹新有, 刘建军, 赵振东. 山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(6): 1114-1126.

SONG Jian-Min, DAI Shuang, LI Hao-Sheng, CHENG Dun-Gong, LIU Ai-Feng, CAO Xin-You, LIU Jian-Jun, ZHAO Zhen-Dong. Evolution of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Wheat Cultivars Released in Shandong Province Recently[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(6): 1114-1126.

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