最新录用：长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220283

中国农业科学

• • 上一篇

最新录用：长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的影响

尉亚囡¹, 薄其飞¹, 唐安¹,高嘉瑞¹, 马田¹, 尉熊熊¹, 张方方¹,周祥利³，岳善超¹^{, 2*}, 李世清¹^{, 2*} #br#

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100；²西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100；³西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西杨凌，712100

出版日期:2022-07-12 发布日期:2022-07-12

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

WEI YaNan¹, BO QiFei1¹, TANG An¹, GAO JiaRui¹, MA Tian¹, WEI XiongXiong¹, ZHANG FangFang¹, ZHOU XiangLi³, YUE ShanChao¹^{, 2*}, LI ShiQing¹^{, 2*} #br#

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; ²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; ³College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Published:2022-07-12 Online:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过长期田间定位试验探究长期覆膜和施用有机肥对春玉米产量、品质、干物质累积和氮素吸收的影响。【方法】长期定位试验在中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所长武黄土高原农业生态试验站于2009年开始。试验设4个处理，F（覆膜，不施氮，作为对照）、N（不覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2）、FN（覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2）、FSN（覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2，并施有机肥）。2020年和2021年在玉米吐丝期（R1）和收获期（R6）分别采集植株样品，测定植株生物量，并按器官分类测定不同部位的氮含量，收获期玉米籽粒测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量。【结果】（1）施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米产量，覆膜条件下增施有机肥能使产量进一步提高。不覆膜施氮处理与对照相比增产106%—176%，覆膜处理在此基础上产量增加21%—75%，在覆膜条件下增施有机肥后进一步增产6%—8%。（2）施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米干物质累积和氮素吸收，施用有机肥后二者进一步得到提高。（3）不覆膜施氮处理的粗蛋白含量为8.67%—8.94%，施氮条件下覆膜使粗蛋白含量提高至8.99%—9.34%，增施有机肥后粗蛋白含量没有进一步提高。三处理间粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量没有显著差异。【结论】覆膜（FN）可以显著提高春玉米产量和粗蛋白含量，覆膜条件下增施有机肥（FSN）在维持籽粒粗蛋白含量的基础上进一步增加产量，实现春玉米的高产优质。

关键词: 春玉米, 覆膜, 有机肥, 产量, 粗蛋白, 粗脂肪, 粗淀粉

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the effects of long-term film mulching and application of organic fertilizer on yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of spring maize through long-term localized field experiments.【Method】The long-term experiment began in 2009 at the Changwu Agri-Ecological Station, and the samples were collected in 2020 and 2021.The field experiments were conducted with four treatments: F (mulching, no N), N (no mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2), FN (mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2), FSN (mulching, N kg·hm^-2 and apply organic fertilizer). Plant samples for measuring total biomass were collected at silking stage (R1) and harvest stage (R6). The samples were divided into different parts as required, and the total N contents were determined. Crude protein, crude fat and crude amylum concentrations of maize grain were determined at harvest. 【Result】(1) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of spring maize, while additional application of organic fertilizer under mulching further increased the yield. Compared with the control, the N treatment increased the yield by 106%-176%. The FN treatment increased the yield by 21%-75% on this basis, and the FSN treatment was further increased by 5.6%-8.4%. (2) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring maize, and the two indicators were further improved after the application of organic fertilizer. (3) The crude protein content of the N treatment was 8.67%-8.94%, while the crude protein content of the FN treatment increased to 8.99%-9.34%. The crude protein content of the FSN treatment was not further improved. There were no significant differences in crude fat and crude amylum content between the treatments. 【Conclusion】Film mulching (FN) significantly increased the yield and crude protein content of spring maize. The application of organic fertilizer under the condition of film mulching (FSN) further increased the yield on the basis of maintaining the crude protein content of the grain, and realized the high yield and high quality of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, plastic mulching, organic fertilizer, yield, crude protein, crude fat, crude amylum

尉亚囡, 薄其飞, 唐安, 高嘉瑞, 马田, 尉熊熊, 张方方, 周祥利, 岳善超, 李世清, . 最新录用：长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

WEI YaNan, BO QiFei, TANG An, GAO JiaRui, MA Tian, WEI XiongXiong, ZHANG FangFang, ZHOU XiangLi, YUE ShanChao, , LI ShiQing, . Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的影响

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

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