最新录用：膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确等灌溉量膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长、产量及水分利用率的影响。【方法】以郑单958为研究对象，于2015—2021年进行田间试验，通过管式水分仪测定窄行、根区和宽行下土壤0—50 cm水分含量，研究膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对土壤水分分布状况及其对玉米株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、生物量、产量、水分利用率等的影响。【结果】膜下滴灌优先补充窄行和根区的土壤水分，而细流沟灌优先补充宽行表层的土壤水分。而玉米耗水主要集中在0—30 cm土层范围内，膜下滴灌的窄行和根区0—30 cm土层水分含量均高于细流沟灌；随着深度增加灌溉对土壤含水量的影响减小，40—50 cm土层水分动态受灌溉方式影响较小。膜下滴灌较细流沟灌可显著促进玉米开花期和成熟期生长，提高叶面积指数。膜下滴灌较细流沟灌开花期株高和叶面积指数平均增加4.3%和8.3%，成熟期平均增加4.9%和15.1%。开花期和成熟期玉米总生物量均为膜下滴灌>细流沟灌，开花期增加11.8%，成熟期增加11.5%。膜下滴灌处理的玉米干物质转移量、干物质转移率和干物质转移量对籽粒贡献率均显著高于细流沟灌处理，分别增加17.8%、3.8%和3.5%。膜下滴灌显著提高玉米产量和灌溉水利用率，平均增产14.4%，灌溉水利用率平均提高14.3%。【结论】在等灌量条件下，膜下滴灌增加玉米根区水分含量，促进玉米生长，有利于玉米干物质积累及转运，提高产量，实现节水增效；较细流沟灌平均增产2131.68 kg·hm^-2，灌溉水利用效率提高8.8%—24.1%。因此膜下滴灌是北疆玉米种植的高产高效灌溉方式。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 细流沟灌, 玉米, 水分利用率, 产量, 生长指标, 新疆

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of drip irrigation and trickle furrow irrigation on maize growth, yield and water use efficiency were studied.【Method】Taking Zhengdan 958 as the research object, a field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2021. The soil water content of 0-50 cm under narrow row, root zone and wide row was measured by a tubular moisture meter to study the effects of drip irrigation and trickle furrow irrigation under film on soil water distribution and its effects on maize plant height, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, biomass, yield and water use efficiency.【Result】Drip irrigation under mulch gives priority to supplement soil moisture in narrow row and root zone, while trickle furrow irrigation gives priority to supplement surface moisture in wide row. The water consumption of maize was mainly concentrated in 0-30 cm soil layer, and the soil water content in narrow row and 0-30cm root zone of drip irrigation under film was higher than that of trickle furrow irrigation; With the increase of depth, the effect of irrigation on soil water content decreases, and the 40-50 cm water dynamics is less affected by irrigation methods. Drip irrigation under mulch could significantly promote the growth of Maize at flowering and mature stages and increase leaf area index compared with trickle furrow irrigation. Compared with trickle irrigation, the plant height and leaf area index of drip irrigation under film increased by 4.3% and 8.3% at flowering stage, and increased by 4.9% and 15.1% at mature stage. The total biomass of Maize at flowering stage and mature stage was drip irrigation under film > trickle furrow irrigation treatment, with an increase of 11.8% at flowering stage. The mature period increased by 11.5%. The amount of dry matter transfer, the rate of dry matter transfer and the contribution rate of dry matter transfer of Maize under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under trickle irrigation, increasing by 17.8%, 3.8% and 3.5% respectively. Drip irrigation under plastic film significantly increased maize yield and irrigation water utilization rate, with an average yield increase of 14.4%, and irrigation water utilization rate increased by 14.3%.【Conclusion】Under the condition of equal irrigation volume, drip irrigation under film can increase the water content in maize root zone, promote the growth of maize, facilitate the accumulation and transportation of dry matter of maize, improve the yield, and achieve water saving and efficiency increasing; Compared with trickle furrow irrigation, the average yield increased by 2131.68 kg hm^-2, and the irrigation water use efficiency increased by 8.8%-24.1%. Therefore, drip irrigation under plastic film is a high-yield and efficient irrigation method for maize planting in Northern Xinjiang.

Key words: drip irrigation under mulch, trickle furrow irrigation, maize, water use efficiency, yield, growth index, Xinjiang

刘梦洁, 梁飞, 李全胜, 田宇欣, 王国栋, 贾宏涛. 最新录用：膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

LIU MengJie, LIANG Fei, LI QuanSheng, TIAN YuXin, WANG GuoDong, JIA HongTao. Effects of Drip Irrigation under Film and Trickle Furrow Irrigation on Maize Growth and Yield [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长及产量的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation under Film and Trickle Furrow Irrigation on Maize Growth and Yield

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