基于自然解决方案的作物高产可持续转型

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (19): 4335-4348.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.19.012

• 专题：基于自然的解决方案：绿色农业转型的研究范式与中国实践 • 上一篇下一篇

基于自然解决方案的作物高产可持续转型

罗宁¹(), 李兆磊², 徐彩龙³, 牛娜⁴, 王璞¹, 孟庆锋¹()

¹ 中国农业大学农学院，北京 100193
² 西南大学资源环境学院，重庆 400715
³ 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081
⁴ 滨州市农业技术推广中心，山东滨州 256600

收稿日期:2025-08-26 接受日期:2025-11-13 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-10-10
通信作者:
孟庆锋，E-mail：mengqf@cau.edu.cn
联系方式: 罗宁，E-mail：luoning@cau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0105000); 国家重点研发计划(中国农业大学2115人才工程); 更高水平“齐鲁粮仓”建设与产能提升技术集成与示范(539703006002); 山东省重点研发计划(2024TZXD074)

Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Transition in High-Yield Cropping Systems

LUO Ning¹(), LI ZhaoLei², XU CaiLong³, NIU Na⁴, WANG Pu¹, MENG QingFeng¹()

¹ College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
² College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
³ Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁴ Binzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Binzhou 256600, Shandong

Received:2025-08-26 Accepted:2025-11-13 Published:2026-10-01 Online:2026-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球农业面临持续增长的粮食高产需求与日益严峻的资源与环境约束的双重压力下，探索支撑作物生产实现可持续转型的新理念与可行路径已成为亟需解决的科学问题。本文旨在系统阐述基于自然的解决方案（nature-based solutions，NbS）在作物高产可持续性协同提升中的作用与潜力，构建NbS驱动的农业养分管理理论框架，分析典型技术路径及其实践成效，并梳理相关标准与政策进展，为提升农业系统的生态生产力提供科学支撑。本文系统回顾了当前农田可持续管理的主要路径及其局限，以养分管理为例，提出了NbS的作物高产可持续转型三重路径，并结合世界自然保护联盟发布的全球NbS标准，分析了其在农田管理中的适用性。NbS养分管理通过发挥自然生态过程、优化系统结构和强化多要素协同，可显著提升作物体系的养分利用效率和生态服务功能，实现作物高产、资源高效利用与环境友好的协同目标。本文提出的三重路径包括：一是作物体系内投入因素优化，主要涉及养分等资源投入类型与施用方式等调整；二是作物体系的整体调整，比如在主粮作物中引入豆科作物构建新体系，实现生物固氮、改善养分平衡并促进碳减排；三是作物体系与内部投入要素的协同调控，促进农业系统整体转型与韧性提升。典型区域案例验证了NbS在高产作物体系中提升养分利用效率、减少环境污染与增强系统韧性方面的综合效益，显示出良好的技术可行性与应用潜力。因此，NbS为实现作物高产可持续转型提供了系统化途径。通过融合自然生态过程与现代农业管理，可实现养分高效利用、生态功能恢复与环境风险降低的多重协同，推动农业体系向绿色、低碳与韧性方向发展。进一步完善NbS养分管理的政策支持体系与实施机制，有望在促进农业绿色发展、助力“双碳”战略与保障国家粮食安全等多重目标的协同实现中发挥关键支撑作用。

关键词: 基于自然的解决方案, 高产, 可持续农业转型, 养分管理, 作物体系优化

Abstract:

Global agriculture is facing the dual challenge of meeting the rising demand for food production while coping with increasing constraints on resources and the environment. Identifying new concepts and feasible pathways to support the sustainable transformation of crop production has therefore become a key scientific priority. This study focused on the roles and potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) in enhancing both crop productivity and sustainability. It established a theoretical framework for NbS-driven nutrient management, analyzed representative technical pathways and their performance, and summarized recent progress in relevant standards and policies to provide scientific guidance for improving the ecological productivity of agricultural systems. The major approaches currently applied in sustainable farmland management and their limitations were reviewed. Taking nutrient management as an example, a triple-pathway framework for the sustainable transformation of high-yield cropping systems was proposed based on NbS, and the applicability of the Global Standard for NbS developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in farmland management was assessed. NbS-based nutrient management could enhance nutrient use efficiency and ecosystem services by harnessing natural ecological processes, optimizing system structures, and improving coordination among multiple factors, thereby supporting high crop productivity, efficient resource use, and environmental sustainability. The three pathways included: (1) Optimization of input use within cropping systems, including adjustments in nutrient sources and application methods; (2) Redesign of cropping systems by introducing legumes into major cereals to promote biological nitrogen fixation, improve nutrient balance, and reduce carbon emissions; (3) Integrated regulation of cropping systems and inputs to facilitate system transformation and strengthen resilience. Evidence from representative regional case studies showed that NbS-driven practices could improve nutrient use efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and enhance the resilience of high-yield systems, demonstrating both technical feasibility and strong potential for scaling up. NbS thus provides a systematic approach to achieving sustainable transformation of crop production. By integrating natural ecological processes with modern agricultural management, NbS could simultaneously improve nutrient efficiency, restore ecosystem functions, and reduce environmental risk, guiding agricultural systems toward green, low-carbon, and resilient development. Strengthening policy support systems and implementation mechanisms for NbS nutrient management would be essential to achieving coordinated progress in green agricultural development, carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, and food security.

Key words: nature-based solutions, high yield, sustainable agricultural transition, nutrient management, cropping system optimization

罗宁, 李兆磊, 徐彩龙, 牛娜, 王璞, 孟庆锋. 基于自然解决方案的作物高产可持续转型[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(19): 4335-4348.

LUO Ning, LI ZhaoLei, XU CaiLong, NIU Na, WANG Pu, MENG QingFeng. Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Transition in High-Yield Cropping Systems[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(19): 4335-4348.

图/表 4

图1

表1

全球主要可持续农业路径特征对比"

类型 Type	增产潜力 Yield potential	养分利用效率 Nutrient use efficiency	资源投入 Resource input	技术成本 Technological cost	可持续潜力 Sustainability potential	典型区域 Typical region	局限性 Limitation
生态农业^[12] Agroecology	中 Medium	高 High	中 Medium	中 Medium	高 High	拉美、东亚 Latin America, East Asia	对生态调控的精准管理要求高，缺乏可规模复制的标准化模式，需系统级农艺协同与农民培训支撑 High demand for precise ecological regulation; lack of scalable standardized models; requires system- level agronomic coordination and farmer training support
碳农业^[13] Carbon farming	中 Medium	高 High	高 High	高 High	中 Medium	澳大利亚、北美 Australia, North America	增碳措施成效受气候、土壤差异影响大，长期监测体系与碳市场机制尚未健全，难以形成农户积极性 Effectiveness of carbon sequestration measures varies greatly with climate and soil differences; long-term monitoring systems and carbon market mechanisms remain underdeveloped, limiting farmer motivation
自然友好型农业^[14] Nature-inclusive agriculture	低 Low	中 Medium	中 Medium	中 Medium	中 Medium	西欧、北欧乡村地区 Rural areas of Western Europe, Northern Europe	需划定生态缓冲区或留白地带，降低耕地利用率，不符合高强度复种和单位面积产出最大化的政策导向 Requires establishment of ecological buffer zones or fallow areas, reducing arable land use efficiency and conflicting with policy goals of intensive cropping and maximum yield per unit area
气候智慧型农业^[15] Climate-smart agriculture	高 High	中 Medium	高 High	高 High	中 Medium	东非、南亚 East Africa, South Asia	对气象数据、智能灌溉等技术依赖强，在中西部或偏远地区基础设施与气候信息服务体系尚不完善 Strong reliance on meteorological data and smart irrigation; limited infrastructure and climate information services in central, western, and remote regions
永续农业^[16] Permaculture	中 Medium	高 High	中 Medium	高 High	高 High	澳大利亚、东南亚 Australia, Southeast Asia	多以人工生态构建为基础，设计与管理复杂，需专业支持与长周期投入，难以大面积推广 Largely based on artificial ecosystem construction; complex in design and management; requires professional support and long-term investment, making large-scale implementation difficult
高自然价值农业^[17] High nature value farming	低 Low	中 Medium	低 Low	低 Low	高（区域性） High (regional)	苏格兰、西欧山区 Scotland, Western European mountainous areas	对生态景观依赖性强，仅适用于少数保育区域，难以融入主粮产区的现代农业体系 Highly dependent on ecological landscapes; applicable only to limited conservation areas and difficult to integrate into modern agricultural systems of major grain-producing regions
生物动力农业^[18] Biodynamic agriculture	中 Medium	高 High	高 High	很高 Very high	中 Medium	德国、奥地利 Germany, Austria	依赖特定操作规程与投入剂制备体系，难以纳入主流农艺体系，科学依据争议较大，监管标准不统一 Relies on specific operational protocols and input preparation systems; difficult to integrate into mainstream agronomic practices; scientific evidence remains debated, and regulatory standards are inconsistent
低外部投入农业^[19] Low external input agriculture	低 Low	中 Medium	低 Low	低 Low	中 Medium	东南亚稻区 Southeast Asian rice-growing areas	投入少但系统依赖内部循环稳定运行，对耕作管理能力与生态系统构建要求高，经济效益难以吸引主流农户 Low input but dependent on stable internal system cycling; requires strong cultivation management skills and ecological system construction, while limited economic returns make it unattractive to mainstream farmers
有机农业^[20] Organic farming	中 Medium	高 High	高 High	高 High	高 High	美国、欧盟 United States, European Union	转型期内需承担产量下降风险，认证体系复杂，小农户难以独立满足标准化生产与全流程溯源要求 During the transition period, there is a risk of yield reduction; certification systems are complex, and smallholders find it difficult to independently meet standardized production and full-process traceability requirements
循环农业^[21] Circular agriculture	中 Medium	很高 Very high	中 Medium	中 Medium	高 High	中国、荷兰 China, Netherlands	农牧系统分离背景下，资源回流链条难打通，粪污收集、运输、处理与还田体系尚未全域配套建设 Under the separation of crop and livestock systems, resource recycling chains are difficult to establish; manure collection, transportation, treatment, and field-return systems have not yet been fully developed or implemented nationwide
保护性农业^[22] Conservation agriculture	中 Medium	中 Medium	中 Medium	中 Medium	中 Medium	南美、南亚 South America, South Asia	覆盖作物选择与土壤覆盖控制需因地制宜，高温高湿区腐解慢且影响作物管理，农机设备适应性亦受限 Cover crop selection and soil cover management must be adapted to local conditions; in hot and humid regions, decomposition is slow and affects crop management, while the adaptability of agricultural machinery is also limited
生态集约化^[23] Ecological intensification	高 High	高 High	高 High	高 High	高 High	法国、比利时、荷兰 France, Belgium, Netherlands	精准施肥、防控等措施依赖信息化技术与农业服务体系，农户接受度与区域能力差异大，落地难度高 Precision fertilization and pest control rely on digital technologies and agricultural service systems; large differences in farmer acceptance and regional capacity make implementation challenging
再生农业^[24] Regenerative agriculture	中 Medium	很高 Very high	中 Medium	中 Medium	很高 Very high	北美、澳洲 North America, Australia	实施周期长、见效慢，需长期生态效应累积与持续管理能力，缺乏财政支持与系统监测工具限制推广 Long implementation cycle and slow effectiveness; requires accumulation of long-term ecological effects and sustained management capacity; lack of financial support and systematic monitoring tools limits widespread adoption
可持续集约化^[25] Sustainable intensification	很高 Very high	高 High	高 High	高 High	高 High	印度、中国华北 India, the North China Plain	技术集成度高，投入设备、数据管理、制度协同缺口大，当前农户组织化水平和服务体系仍难以全面支撑 High level of technological integration; significant gaps in equipment investment, data management, and institutional coordination; current farmer organization and service systems remain insufficient for comprehensive support
NbS养分管理（本研究） NbS nutrient management	中 Medium	很高 Very high	中 Medium	中 Medium	很高 Very high	中国、欧盟试点 Demonstration fields in China, the European Union	评价体系与标准尚未健全，政策支持和金融机制有待完善，需依托数据平台与系统集成推动落地 Evaluation systems and standards remain underdeveloped; policy support and financial mechanisms need improvement; implementation requires data platforms and system integration

表1

图2

图3

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基于自然解决方案的作物高产可持续转型

Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Transition in High-Yield Cropping Systems

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