关键词: 基于自然的解决方案, 粮菇定区轮作技术, 农业耕地生态系统, 大球盖菇培育及管理技术, 秸秆综合利用

Abstract:

With the continuous growth of the global population and the expanding demand for food, agricultural production has expanded substantially in scale, and straw, as the output of its by-product, has also risen accordingly. However, the underutilization of straw resources has led to serious problems, such as air pollution and the unsustainability of farmland ecosystems. To address these challenges, the grain-mushroom designated zones rotation technology provides an eco-friendly, economically efficient, and sustainable new model for the comprehensive utilization of straw, which is based on the concept of nature-based solutions (NbS). This study firstly defined the grain-mushroom designated zones rotation technology as the rotational cultivation of grains and Stropharia rugosoannulata within a designated unit, alternating between different plots over the years. Then, a comparative analysis was conducted between this model and other major straw utilization pathways, including straw fertilization, energy conversion, feed processing, substrate production, and raw material utilization. Furthermore, the study examined how this technology embodied key NbS principles from the perspectives of natural system integrity, multi-scale matching, economic feasibility, and responding to social challenges, such as food security and agricultural pollution, it also systematically evaluated the multiple co-benefits like ecological and economic performance based on empirical data obtained from practical applications in parts of China and relevant literature. The grain-mushroom designated zones rotation technology effectively integrated grain production and mushroom cultivation across both temporal and spatial dimensions, thereby overcoming the limitations of other straw utilization models. It achieved the synergistic development of ecological, economic, and social benefits, aligning well with the fundamental principles of NbS. At present, the grain-mushroom designated zones rotation technology still faced gaps in satisfying NbS standards, especially in terms of governance frameworks, monitoring and evaluation, and large-scale implementation. To close the existing gaps, this paper proposes the following practical recommendations: (1) The government should introduce targeted policies to support the promotion and application of this technology; (2) At the county, township, and village levels, a multi-stakeholder co-governance platform should be established, comprising “government + enterprises + cooperatives + farmers + research institutions”, to ensure farmers’ rights to information, participation, and decision-making in model selection and benefit distribution; (3) In collaboration with research institutes, a quantifiable and operational evaluation system should be developed around the three dimensions of ecological, economic, and social benefits, supported by scientific, reliable, and continuous data. This would enable the grain-mushroom designated zones rotation technology to evolve into a mature, replicable, and scalable paradigm consistent with international NbS standards.

Key words: nature-based solutions, grain-mushroom rotation technology in designated zones, farmland ecosystems, Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation and management techniques, comprehensive straw utilization