14-羟基芸苔素甾醇生长调节剂对油菜生长和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.08.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 1444-1454.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

14-羟基芸苔素甾醇生长调节剂对油菜生长和产量的影响

何永强¹(), 张金盔¹, 徐劲松¹(), 丁晓雨², 程勇², 许本波¹, 张学昆¹()

¹ 长江大学农学院/农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室（部省共建）/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心，湖北荆州 434025
² 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室，武汉 430062

收稿日期:2023-09-24 接受日期:2023-11-13 出版日期:2024-04-16 发布日期:2024-04-24
通信作者:
张学昆，Tel：13720301916；E-mail：zhang.xk@139.com。
徐劲松，Tel：13971233445；E-mail：xujinsong@yangtzeu.edu.cn
联系方式: 何永强，Tel：17362567557；E-mail：17362567557@163.com。
基金资助:
农业农村部长江中游油菜单产提升技术集成示范项目(152304045); 湖北省“515”行动（协同推广）油菜新技术示范科技服务油菜产业链项目

Effect of 14-Hydroxylated Brassinosteroids Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

HE YongQiang¹(), ZHANG JinKui¹, XU JinSong¹(), DING XiaoYu², CHENG Yong², XU BenBo¹, ZHANG XueKun¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Yangtze University/Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Use, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei
² Institute of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062

Received:2023-09-24 Accepted:2023-11-13 Published:2024-04-16 Online:2024-04-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】14-羟基芸苔素甾醇相比其他芸苔素甾醇类化合物，生物活性提高50%以上，探明14-羟基芸苔素甾醇对油菜种子和包衣药剂的影响，对建立高效新型油菜种子处理技术，促进油菜绿色高产高效生产具有十分重要的意义。【方法】以14-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂与包衣杀虫剂处理甘蓝型中熟冬油菜品种（阳光2009）和短生育期早熟品种（阳光131）种子，调查种子发芽、苗期生长量、产量和抗虫性等性状，分析不同环境、品种、植物生长调节剂之间的互作效应。【结果】14-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂处理种子后，在不同主产区，不同品种油菜受不同拌种处理的影响不一致，早熟油菜发芽受拌种处理影响不显著，而中熟油菜呈极显著差异。0.0075 mg·L^-1的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇比芸苔素内酯具有更强的生物活性，0.015 mg·L^-1的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇与芸苔素内酯差异不显著，0.0075和0.015 mg·L^-1的芸苔素内酯分别平均增产5.19%和8.15%，0.0075和0.015 mg·L^-1的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇分别平均增产11.98%和5.50%。14-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂与噻虫胺（种卫士）和噻虫嗪（苗得意）等包衣剂复配对油菜苗期生长均具有显著促进作用，独立使用种卫士和苗得意分别增产4.7%和4.6%，0.0075和0.015 mg·L^-1的14-羟基芸苔素甾醇与种卫士复配分别增产6.8%和3.3%，与苗得意复配分别增产3.5%和8.2%。抗虫性试验表明，添加植物生长调节剂不会影响噻虫嗪类种衣剂的防虫效果。【结论】14-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂拌种对早期油菜生长具有积极促进作用，能显著提高油菜生长速度和产量。为适应不同产区、品种的互作效应，需要针对性地利用调节剂优化种子处理技术，推动我国油菜产量显著提升。

关键词: 油菜, 种子处理, 植物生长调节剂, 14-羟基芸苔素甾醇, 生长, 抗虫性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】As a new Plant growth regulator, 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroids（14-HBR） increase biological activity by 50% than the traditional Brassicin sterols, while the relation effect of 14-HBR on rapeseed growth, yield and seed coating pesticide were not clear. 【Method】In this study, 14-HBR regulator and pesticide are used to treat the seeds in mid-duration winter rapeseed variety (Yangguang 2009) and early-duration variety (Yangguang 131), investigated germination, seedling growth, insect resistance, and yield, to reveal the interaction effects of environment, variety genotype and 14-HBR. 【Result】0.0075 and 0.015 mg·L^-1 14-HBR treated seed increased significantly germination potential in medium duration rapeseed, but decreased germination potential and germination rate significantly as mixed with pesticide. 14-HBR treated seed had no significant effect on germination rate and germination potential in short duration rapeseed. The 14-HBR showed better biological activity in seedling growth and yield than that of Brassinolide, 0.0075 and 0.015 mg·L^-1 Brassinolide increased by an average of 5.19% and 8.15%, 0.0075 and 0.015 mg·L^-1 14-HBR increased by an average of 11.98% and 5.50%, respectively. 14-HBR mixed with seed pesticide of Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam, also increased seedlings weight and yield. The yield of Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin seed treatments increased by 4.7% and 4.6% independently. The yield of mixed with 0.0075 and 0.015 mg·L^-1 14-HBR to Clothianidin increased 6.8% and 3.3%, mixed to Thiamethoxam increased by 3.5% and 8.2%, respectively. 14-HBR did not affect insecticidal activity of Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin to peach bud nymphs and phyllotreta striolata fabricius. 【Conclusion】The study revealed seed treatment with 14-HBR regulator has a positive effect on early growth of rapeseed and increased yield of rapeseed significantly, interacted with planting environment, pesticide type and varieties genotype as traditional regulators, it is necessary to optimize seed treatment technology of 14-HBR regulator to obtain higher harvest yield.

Key words: rapeseed, seed treatment, plant growth regulator, 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroids, growth, pesticide, yield

何永强, 张金盔, 徐劲松, 丁晓雨, 程勇, 许本波, 张学昆. 14-羟基芸苔素甾醇生长调节剂对油菜生长和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(8): 1444-1454.

HE YongQiang, ZHANG JinKui, XU JinSong, DING XiaoYu, CHENG Yong, XU BenBo, ZHANG XueKun. Effect of 14-Hydroxylated Brassinosteroids Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(8): 1444-1454.

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调节剂 Regulator	种衣剂Pesticide
调节剂 Regulator	种卫士Pilarguard	苗得意Pilarunico	清水Water
0.0075 mg·L^-114-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂 0.0075 mg·L^-1 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroids regulator	Z+14-HBR	M+14-HBR	14-HBR
0.015 mg·L^-114-羟基芸苔素甾醇调节剂 0.015 mg·L^-1 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroids regulator	Z+14-HBR+	M+14-HBR+	14-HBR+
清水Water	Z	M	CK

油菜类型 Rape type	试验地 Test location	油菜生长期间气候特征 Climatic characteristics during rapeseed growth
长江流域三熟制短生育期冬油菜 Short duration winter rapeseed in Yangtze River basin	江西省吉安市吉安县 Ji'an County, Ji'an, Jiangxi	属亚热带季风湿润性气候，冬春阴冷，冷热差异较大，降雨多，但丰而不衡，光照少但光热同季，油菜生育期为10月下旬到次年4月中下旬 Subtropical monsoon humid climate, rape seed growth period is from late October to mid to late April of the following year
云贵高原短生育期冬油菜 Short duration winter rapeseed in Yunnan-Guizhou plateau	云南省曲靖市罗平县 Luoping County, Qujing, Yunnan	属亚热带高原季风气候，冬春光照好，春温不稳，降水不均，油菜生育期为10月下旬到次年4月中旬 Subtropical plateau monsoon climate with strong sunlight and drought. The growth period of rapeseed is from late October to mid-April of the following year
长江流域中熟冬油菜 Medium duration winter rapeseed in Yangtze River basin	湖北省荆州市荆州区 Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei	属亚热带湿润季风气候，常年降雨充沛，生长季节降雨偏多，光照强度弱，冬季，油菜生育期为10月到次年5月 Subtropical humid monsoon climate with abundant annual rainfall, more rainfall in the growing season and weak sunlight, the growth period of rapeseed is from October to May of the following year
西北春油菜 Northwest spring rapeseed	甘肃省张掖市民乐县 Minle County, Zhangye, Gansu	属温带大陆性干旱气候，日照时间长，光照强度大，光热充足，气候干燥，降雨少而集中，油菜生育期在4月到10月 Temperate continental arid climate, with long and strong sunshine, dry climate, rapeseed growth period from April to October

品种 Breed	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g)	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	根鲜重 Fresh root weight (g)	根干重 Dry weight of root (g)
阳光131 Yangguang 131	14-HBR	21.87±1.33a	6.53±1.10ab	8.14±0.87b	1.14±0.38ab	2.44±0.12B	0.49±0.01a
	M+14-HBR	20.60±0.92b	7.48±1.05a	9.33±0.90a	1.40±0.14a	2.80±0.23A	0.53±0.02a
	M	15.60±0.40c	7.73±0.23a	6.69±0.81c	1.00±0.27b	1.81±0.20C	0.34±0.03b
	CK	12.40±0.72d	4.80±0.53b	5.07±0.49d	0.81±0.11c	1.27±0.10D	0.28±0.01c
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009	14-HBR	20.04±2.66A	6.12±3.36B	10.62±1.22AB	1.59±0.28ab	3.19±0.11AB	0.64±0.02A
	M+14-HBR	20.33±1.29A	7.76±0.92A	11.40±0.92A	1.71±0.78a	3.42±0.72A	0.65±0.06A
	M	18.40±0.53B	8.50±4.93A	9.93±2.32AB	1.49±0.23ab	2.68±0.23B	0.51±0.01B
	CK	9.81±1.44C	4.34±2.97C	4.87±1.45B	0.78±0.17b	1.22±0.15C	0.27±0.02C

处理 Treatment	油菜存活率 Rapeseed survival rate (%)			黄曲条跳甲存活率 Phyllotreta striolata fabricius survival rate (%)			单位株数孔洞数占比 Number of holes per unit (%)
处理 Treatment	3 (d)	6 (d)	9 (d)	3 (d)	6 (d)	9 (d)	3 days	6 days	9 days
M	92.6±7.4*	68.9±17.4*	68.9±17.4*	54.8±23.7	11.1±11.1**	7.4±7.4**	14.8±9.5**	21.4±10.5**	22.5±12.7**
M+14-HBR	100.0±0.0**	100.0±0.0**	93.3±6.7**	38.5±13.9	34.3±17.8*	9.5±9.5**	12.2±2.8**	17.2±4.6**	19.9±5.6**
清水Water	67.2±4.3	26.9±8.6	0.0±0.0	67.7±16.7	58.9±4.8	35.0±7.6	29.9±1.2	47.8±9.1	100.0±0.0

调节剂Conditioning agent	2021-2022				2022-2023		平均增产 Change (%)
	民乐Minyue		荆州Jingzhou		荆州Jingzhou
	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	增产 Change (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	增产 Change (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	增产 Change (%)
BR	3915.29±96.79a	6.70	2638.40±136.88b	0.90	3049.86±82.52abc	7.97	5.19
BR+	3928.63±81.48a	7.10	2811.57±298.30ab	7.60	3099.88±59.50ab	9.74	8.15
14-HBR	3868.60±85.24a	5.50	3094.55±120.56a	18.40	3164.92±18.57a	12.04	11.98
14-HBR+	3820.24±81.03ab	4.10	2878.94±19.14ab	10.10	2889.78±117.01bc	2.30	5.50
CK	3668.50±81.48b	0.00	2613.97±118.45b	0.00	2824.75±102.53c	0.00	0.00

14-羟基芸苔素甾醇生长调节剂对油菜生长和产量的影响

Effect of 14-Hydroxylated Brassinosteroids Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

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变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	<BOLD>P</BOLD>
种植地区Environment	11792268.77	1	11792268.77	2397.67	0.0001
种衣剂Pesticide	76686.93	2	38343.47	7.80	0.0015
调节剂Plant regulator	32163.43	2	16081.71	3.27	0.0496
种植地区×种衣剂Environment×Pesticidet	349486.89	2	174743.45	35.53	0.0001
种植地区×调节剂Environment×Plant regulator	21277.94	2	10638.97	2.16	0.1297
种衣剂×调节剂Pesticide×Plant regulator	453935.71	4	113483.93	23.07	0.0001
种植地区×种衣剂×调节剂Environment×Pesticidet×Plant regulator	55924.92	4	13981.23	2.84	0.0380
误差Error	177055.84	36	4918.22
总和Sum total	12958800.42	53

种植地区 Planting area	调节剂 Plant regulator	种衣剂Pesticide
		种卫士Pilarguard（噻虫胺 Clothianidin）				苗得意Pilarunico（噻虫嗪 Thiamethoxam）
		民乐 Minyue	荆州 Jingzhou	平均产量 Average yield	增产 Change (%)	民乐 Minyue	荆州 Jingzhou	平均产量 Average yield	增产 Change (%)
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009	14-HBR	3798.57±40.43a	2962.48±110.75a	3380.53	7.60	3671.84±60.03b	2884.53±29.29b	3278.19	4.40
	14-HBR+	3558.45±28.89b	2844.42±52.94a	3201.44	1.90	3973.65±62.55a	3043.19±70.51a	3508.42	11.70
	清水Water	3728.53±81.33a	2992.91±82.45a	3360.72	7.00	3756.88±67.30b	2798.73±84.80b	3277.81	4.30
阳光131 Yangguang 131		罗平 Luoping	吉安 Ji’an	平均产量 Average yield	增产 Change (%)	罗平 Luoping	吉安 JI’an	平均产量 Average yield	增产 Change (%)
	14-HBR	4114.72±61.3a	2251.13±344.1a	3182.92	1.97	3874.27±33.1b	2291.14±175.3a	3082.71	-1.23
	14-HBR+	3988.99±246.1a	2304.49±51.3a	3146.74	0.81	4142.24±116.8a	2147.74±85.1a	3144.99	0.76
	清水Water	4232.11±43.6a	2054.36±106.9a	3143.24	0.70	4002.50±21.2ab	2374.52±109.8a	3188.51	2.15

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