豆粕替代比例对其代谢能和肉鸡氮代谢的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨豆粕替代比例对其代谢能评价及肉鸡氮代谢的影响，进一步分析尿酸及可消化氮与豆粕代谢能（AME）的关系，为精确测定饲料原料代谢能提供科学依据。【方法】采用单因素完全随机设计，试验饲粮中豆粕的添加水平作为单一变量。选取216只22日龄体重相近的AA肉公鸡，随机分为6个处理组，其中待测豆粕替代比例分别设置为10%（SM10）、20%（SM20）、30%（SM30）和40%（SM40），同时设置基础饲粮组1和基础饲粮组2。每个处理设6个重复，每个重复6只鸡。在肉鸡22—28日龄开展代谢试验，以重复为单位收集全部排泄物，分别测定饲料和排泄物中的总能、粗蛋白质以及排泄物中的尿酸含量，分析尿酸与豆粕表观代谢能（AME）和氮校正表观代谢能（AMEn）的关系。【结果】（1）豆粕替代比例对肉鸡总能摄入量无显著性影响（P>0.05），但显著影响肉鸡的排泄物总能（P<0.05）。随着豆粕替代比例的增加，试验饲粮AME、AMEn、代谢能利用率显著降低（P<0.05）。（2）随着豆粕替代比例的增加，肉鸡粗蛋白质摄入量、粗蛋白质排泄量、尿酸排泄量以及沉积氮和可消化氮均显著升高（P<0.05）。（3）随着豆粕替代比例的增加，以单位蛋白摄入量为基础的尿酸排泄量（UAO/PI，g·g^-1，%）和以单位可消化氮为基础的尿酸氮排泄量（UAN/DN，g·g^-1，%）均显著升高（P<0.05）。随着豆粕替代比例的增加，豆粕表观代谢能（AME）和氮校正表观代谢能（AMEn）呈线性显著降低（P<0.05）。（4）单位蛋白摄入量的尿酸排泄量（UAO/PI）和单位可消化氮的尿酸氮排泄量（UAN/DN）与豆粕AME（AMEn）均呈显著的负相关关系（R²>0.90, P<0.05）。【结论】待测豆粕替代比例显著影响肉鸡氮代谢及其代谢能测定，尿酸排泄量与代谢能存在显著的负相关关系，尿酸氮可以作为优化家禽代谢能体系的指标。

关键词: 肉鸡, 替代比例, 尿酸排泄量, 代谢能

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different replacement ratios of soybean meal (SBM) on its metabolizable energy and nitrogen metabolism in broilers. Furthermore, the relationship between uric acid and digestible nitrogen with soybean meal apparent metabolizable energy (AME) were analyzed for providing references for accurately measuring the metabolizable energy of feed ingredients. 【Method】 A completely randomized design was adopted, and the replacement ratio of SBM was treated as a single variable. A total of 216 broilers at aged 22 days were randomly divided into 6 groups, with replacement ratios of SBM at 10% (SM10), 20% (SM20), 30% (SM30), and 40% (SM40), while the other two groups were the basal diet 1 and basal diet 2. Each experimental diet was allocated to 6 replicates of 6 broilers per replicate. Metabolic trials were conducted on broilers aged 22-28 days. The total collection method was used to collect all excreta of each repetition as the experimental unit, the energy and protein content in both the feed and excreta matter and uric acid content in excreta were determined. These data were then used to analyze the relationship between uric acid and AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of soybean meal.【Result】 (1) Soybean meal replacement ratio had no significant effect on the total energy intake of broilers (P>0.05), but had a significant effect on the total energy output of broilers (P<0.05). As the soybean meal replacement ratio increased, the AME and AMEn of diets decreased significantly (P<0.05). (2) With the increase in soybean meal replacement ratio, the protein intake, protein output, uric acid excretion, retained nitrogen, and digestible nitrogen in broilers were significantly increased (P<0.05). (3) As the soybean meal replacement ratio increased, there was a significant increase in the output of uric acid per unit of protein intake (UAO/PI, g·g^-1, %) (P<0.05), as well as an increase in the excretion of uric acid nitrogen per unit of digestible nitrogen (UAN/DN, g·g^-1, %) (P<0.05). A significant linear relationship was observed, with increasing SBM replacement ratios leading to a decrease in AME and AMEn (P<0.05). (4) A strong negative correlation was observed between UAO/PI and UAN/DN with the AME and AMEn of SBM (R²>0.90, P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The tested soybean meal replacement ratios significantly affected nitrogen metabolism and metabolizable energy measurement in broilers. There was a significant negative correlation between uric acid excretion and metabolizable energy, so which make uric acid nitrogen a potential indicator for optimizing the metabolizable energy system.

Key words: broilers, replacement ratio, uric acid, metabolizable energy

郭诚诺, 韩明霞, 姜亭亭, 王钰明, 赵峰, 解竞静, 萨仁娜. 豆粕替代比例对其代谢能和肉鸡氮代谢的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18): 3695-3703.

GUO ChengNuo, HAN MingXia, JIANG TingTing, WANG YuMing, ZHAO Feng, XIE JingJing, SA RenNa. Effects of Different Replacement Ratios of Soybean Meal on Its Metabolizable Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Broilers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3695-3703.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.014

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I18/3695

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项目 Item	基础饲粮1 Basal diets 1	基础饲粮2 Basal diets 2	试验饲粮 Experiment diet
项目 Item	基础饲粮1 Basal diets 1	基础饲粮2 Basal diets 2	SM10	SM20	SM30	SM40
原料 Ingredient
玉米 Corn	59.39	72.35	64.93	57.50	50.08	42.66
豆粕Soybean meal (46% CP)	37.50	24.40	21.90	19.39	16.89	14.39
待测豆粕 SBM			10.00	20.00	30.00	40.00
食盐NaCl	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
石粉Limestone	0.61	0.68	0.63	0.59	0.54	0.50
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.70	1.77	1.74	1.72	1.69	1.65
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
合计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平²⁾Nutrient level
干物质DM	90.12	90.28	90.46	90.66	90.91	91.19
总能GE(MJ·kg^-1)	17.66	16.51	16.38	16.57	16.67	16.82
粗蛋白质CP	22.03	17.27	19.81	22.61	25.41	27.72
钙Ca	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
有效磷AP	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
赖氨酸Lys	1.24	0.90	1.06	1.23	1.40	1.57
蛋氨酸Met	0.36	0.30	0.32	0.35	0.38	0.41
苏氨酸Thr	0.88	0.68	0.78	0.88	0.98	1.09
色氨酸Trp	0.29	0.22	0.25	0.29	0.33	0.36

项目Item	SM10	SM20	SM30	SM40	SEM	P
总能摄入量Energy intake, EI (MJ/只)	5.94	6.01	6.09	5.73	0.10	0.112
总能排泄量Energy output, EO (MJ/只)	1.52c	1.66b	1.87a	1.94a	0.04	<0.001
表观代谢能AME (MJ·kg^-1)	13.64a	13.31b	12.82c	12.25d	0.06	<0.001
氮校正表观代谢能AMEn (MJ·kg^-1)	13.03a	12.63b	12.11c	11.57d	0.06	<0.001
表观代谢能利用率AME/GE (%)	74.46a	72.39b	69.29c	66.11d	0.34	<0.001
氮校正表观代谢能利用率AMEn/GE (%)	71.12a	68.70b	65.48c	62.46d	0.31	<0.001

项目Item	SM10	SM20	SM30	SM40	SEM	P
蛋白质摄入量Protein intake, PI (g/只)	70.93c	81.49b	92.11a	93.98a	1.55	<0.001
蛋白质排泄量Protein output, PO (g/只)	34.86d	41.17c	49.85b	55.95a	1.07	<0.001
尿酸排泄量Uric acid output, UAO (g/只)	9.42d	11.56c	14.49b	16.64a	0.21	<0.001
沉积氮Retention nitrogen, RN (g/只)	5.77c	6.45a	6.76a	6.09b	0.11	<0.001
可消化氮Digestible nitrogen, DN (g/只)	8.91c	10.31b	11.59a	11.63a	0.11	<0.001

项目 Item	SM10	SM20	SM30	SM40	SEM	P
项目 Item	SM10	SM20	SM30	SM40	SEM	方差分析ANOVA	线性 Linear¹⁾	二次Quadratic¹⁾
单位蛋白摄入量的尿酸排泄量²⁾ Proportion of uric acid to dietary protein intake, UAO/PI, g·g^-1(%)	13.28d	14.20c	15.74b	17.74a	0.25	<0.001	<0.001	0.038
单位可消化氮的尿酸氮排泄量³⁾ Proportion of uric acid-N to digestible N, UAN/DN, g·g^-1(%)	35.22d	37.41c	41.67b	47.73a	0.55	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
豆粕AME(MJ·kg^-1)	11.42a	11.07a	10.69ab	10.11b	0.27	0.021	0.002	0.669
豆粕AMEn(MJ·kg^-1)	10.46a	9.99ab	9.67b	9.28b	0.23	0.018	0.002	0.877