升温环境下肉鸡体温和呼吸频率对热中性区上限温度估测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过非线性分段回归模型,分析随环境温度逐渐升高,肉鸡体表、体核温度和呼吸频率开始升高时的环境温度,即拐点温度（IPT）,估测肉鸡热中性区、热舒适区的上限温度。方法试验选择21日龄AA肉鸡10只,饲养于人工环境控制舱内。舱内温度由18℃开始,每0.5 h升高1℃,至33℃维持0.5 h后,逐渐降至20℃,循环3 d。利用微型温度记录仪连续监测肉鸡体表和体核温度（每10min记录1次）。结果经非线性分段回归分析,3次（天）估测出的肉鸡体表温度的拐点温度（IPT_ST）分别为21.18、21.09、21.13℃,平均21.13℃。肉鸡IPT_ST个体之间的变异较大,3次测定的变异系数分别为6.31、6.15、5.64;而同一只肉鸡3次估测的IPT_ST差别较小,10只鸡的变异系数平均为0.52,表明这种估测IPT_ST的方法重复性较好。肉鸡体核温度的拐点温度（IPT_CT）3次测定的结果分别为27.80、27.98、27.67℃,平均27.82℃。个体之间IPT_CT的变异系数为2.82、2.75、2.78,而同只肉鸡3次估测的IPT_CT变异较小,平均变异系数为0.90,表明这种估测IPT_CT的方法重复性较好。肉鸡呼吸频率的拐点温度（IPT_RR）3次测定的结果分别为28.42、29.52、29.25℃,平均29.06℃。由于肉鸡在高温环境下喘息并非持续发生,本试验呼吸频率的测定时间过短（每个温度下每只鸡测定了1 min）,造成部分肉鸡测定的呼吸频率过低,导致估测的IPT_RR偏高。结论根据热中性区的定义,3—4周龄肉鸡热舒适区上限温度即为IPT_ST（21.13℃）,而热中性区上限温度应低于IPT_CT（27.82℃）。

关键词: 肉鸡, 体温, 呼吸频率, 拐点温度, 连续升温

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study was conducted to measure the variations of surface temperature (ST), core temperature (CT) and respiratory rate (RR) of broilers with increasing ambient temperature (AT), and analyze these data with a broken-line model to determine the inflection point temperature (IPT, the certain AT above which the body temperature or RR of the broilers started to change). 【Method】 Ten AA broilers (21 days old) were raised in one controlled climate chamber. The AT of chamber was increased gradually by one degree per 0.5 h from 18℃ to 33℃, and then gradually decreased to 20℃. The CT and ST of broilers, as well as the AT in the chamber were recorded at 10 min intervals using mini temperature data loggers. The experiment was repeated three times on three days. 【Result】 The IPT based on ST (IPT_ST) for three consecutive days were 21.18, 21.09 and 21.13℃, average 21.13℃. The variation coefficients of IPT_ST between individual broilers was 6.13, 6.15 and 5.64 for three measurements, the variation coefficient of IPT_ST between three measurements was 0.52% on average, indicating that the method of estimating IPT_ST was better repeatable. The IPT based on CT (IPT_CT) for three consecutive days were 27.80, 27.98 and 27.67℃, with an average of 27.82℃. The variation coefficients of IPT_CT between individual broilers was 2.82, 2.75, 2.78 for three measurements, the variation coefficient of IPT_ST between three measurements was 0.90% on average, indicating that the method of estimating IPT_CT was better repeatable. The IPT based on RR (IPT_RR) for three consecutive days were 28.42, 29.52 and 29.25℃, with an average of 29.06℃. Since the panting of broilers is intermittent, the respiratory of broilers under high temperature maybe normal during the period of RR measurement (only 1 min per chick), which maybe result in an under-estimated the RR, and an over-estimated IPT_RR of some broilers. 【Conclusion】 According to the definition of the thermal neutral zone, the upper limit temperature of the thermal neutral zone of 3-4 weeks old broilers should be lower than IPT_CT (27.82℃), and the upper limit temperature of thermal comfort zone is IPT_ST(21.13℃).

Key words: broilers chicken, body temperature, respiratory rate, inflection point temperature, increasing ambient temperature

杨语嫣,王雪洁,张敏红,冯京海. 升温环境下肉鸡体温和呼吸频率对热中性区上限温度估测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(3): 550-557.

YANG YuYan,WANG XueJie,ZHANG MinHong,FENG JingHai. The Upper Limit Temperature of Thermoneutral Zone Estimated by the Changes of Temperature and Respiration Rate of the Broilers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 550-557.

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