中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (17): 3424-3439.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.17.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

节水减氮对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

李红1,2,3(), 王西娜4, 韦广源1, 马永鑫1, 田海梅4, 王月梅4, 钱芝瑾4, 谭军利1,2,3()   

  1. 1 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川 750021
    2 旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川 750021
    3 宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川 750021
    4 宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-06 接受日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-04
  • 通信作者:
    谭军利,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 李红,E-mail:18795132401@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200405); 国家自然科学基金(52369010); 宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)

Effects of Water Saving and Nitrogen Reduction on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

LI Hong1,2,3(), WANG XiNa4, WEI GuangYuan1, MA YongXin1, TIAN HaiMei4, WANG YueMei4, QIAN ZhiJin4, TAN JunLi1,2,3()   

  1. 1 School of Civil and Water Conservancy Engineering of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 Engineering Research Center of Modern Agriculture and Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021
    3 Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving Irrigation and Water Resources Control, Yinchuan 750021
    4 College of Agriculture of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2023-11-06 Accepted:2024-02-27 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-04

摘要:

【目的】研究减氮节水对春小麦茎秆强度及籽粒品质的影响,为宁夏引黄灌区春小麦持续稳定增产、水氮高效利用以及提高春小麦抗倒伏能力提供理论依据。【方法】以宁春4号为供试材料,通过2021和2022年裂区试验,研究灌溉处理(常规灌溉(400 mm,WC)、节水20%(320 mm,W1)、节水40%(240 mm,W2))和施氮处理(常规施氮(270 kg•hm-2, NC)、减氮25%(202.5 kg•hm-2, NJ)、不施氮N0)对春小麦茎秆强度、产量及籽粒品质的影响。【结果】与常规施氮相比,减氮25%且节水20%并没有显著降低春小麦株高、茎粗以及地上部生物量。减氮与常规施氮处理的春小麦茎秆强度与茎秆钾含量无明显差异,但在减氮基础上,节水20%处理的春小麦茎秆强度与茎秆钾含量显著高于常规灌水处理。灌浆期,减氮水平下,节水20%处理的茎秆强度较常规灌水处理两年分别增加了14.9%和16.3%,茎秆钾含量分别增加了13.4%和11.9%;成熟期,茎秆强度分别增加了19.0%和8.3%,茎秆钾含量分别增加了10.5%和9.0%。随着生育进程的推进,春小麦茎秆强度呈降低趋势。相关分析表明,茎秆强度与株高、地上部生物量呈极显著正相关,与茎秆钾含量呈显著正相关,与茎粗无显著相关性。各水氮处理中,减氮节水20%处理的春小麦产量最高,2021和2022年分别达8 092和5 516 kg•hm-2。相同施氮量时,春小麦籽粒可溶性糖、蛋白质含量随灌水定额减少呈先增加后减少的趋势,减氮25%且节水20%处理达到最大值,与常规水氮处理相比,两年分别增加了14.4%、16.7%和25.5%、23.5%,而各水氮处理中淀粉含量无显著性差异。进一步发现,茎秆强度与产量、籽粒蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,与籽粒淀粉、可溶性糖含量均无明显相关性。【结论】在减氮条件下节水20%促进了春小麦株高、茎粗的生长,增加了地上部生物量,并提高了茎秆钾含量,进而提高了春小麦茎秆强度,降低了倒伏风险,增加了春小麦产量且改善了籽粒品质。因此认为,施氮202.5 kg·hm-2,灌水320 mm是适宜宁夏引黄灌区春小麦的水氮管理模式。

关键词: 宁夏引黄灌区, 春小麦, 节水, 减氮, 茎秆强度, 产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The study on the effect of nitrogen reduction and water saving on the stem strength and grain quality of spring wheat aims to provide theoretical basis for the sustained and stable yield increase of spring wheat, efficient utilization of irrigate and nitrogen, and improvement of spring wheat’s lodging resistance in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia.【Method】Using Ningchun No.4 as test material, in 2021 and 2022, split-zone field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation treatments (conventional irrigation (400 mm, WC), 20% water saving (320 mm, W1), and 40% water saving (240 mm, W2) and nitrogen application treatments (conventional nitrogen application (270 kg·hm-2, NC), 25% nitrogen reduction (202.5 kg·hm-2, NJ), and no nitrogen application, N0) on stem strength, yield and grain quality of spring wheat.【Result】The 25% N reduction and 20% water savings did not significantly reduce spring wheat plant height, stem diameter, or accumulation of aboveground biomass compared to conventional N application. There was no significant difference in stem strength and stem potassium content of spring wheat treated with reduced and conventional nitrogen application levels, but on the basis of reduced nitrogen, stem strength and stem potassium content of spring wheat treated with 20% water saving was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation treatment. At the filling stage, stem strength increased by 14.9% and 16.3%, and stem potassium content increased by 13.4% and 11.9% in the water-saving 20% treatment compared to the conventional flooding treatment in both years at the reduced nitrogen level, while at the maturity stage, stem strength increased by 19.0% and 8.3%, and stem potassium content increased by 10.5% and 9.0%, respectively. Stem strength of spring wheat showed a decreasing trend as the reproductive process progressed. Correlation analysis showed that stem strength was highly significantly positively correlated with plant height and above-ground biomass, significantly positively correlated with stem potassium content, and not significantly correlated with stem diameter. Among the water-nitrogen treatments, the spring wheat yield was highest in the 20% nitrogen reduction and water conservation treatment, amounting to 8 092 and 5 516 kg•hm-2 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. At the same nitrogen application, the soluble sugar and protein contents of spring wheat grain showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the decrease of irrigation quota, and the 25% nitrogen reduction and 20% water saving treatment reached the maximum value, which increased by 14.4%, 16.7%, and 25.5%, 23.5%, respectively, compared with the conventional water and nitrogen treatments, while there was no significant difference in starch content among the irrigation and nitrogen treatments. It was further found that stem strength was highly significantly and positively correlated with yield and protein content in grain and not significantly correlated with starch and soluble sugar content in grain.【Conclusion】Water saving of 20% under nitrogen reduction promoted the growth of spring wheat plant height and stem diameter, increased the accumulation of aboveground biomass, and increased the potassium content of stems, which in turn improved the stem strength of spring wheat, reduced the risk of lodging, increased the yield of spring wheat and improved the grain quality. Therefore, it was concluded that 20% water saving under nitrogen reduction conditions is a suitable irrigate and nitrogen management model for spring wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia.

Key words: the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia, spring wheat, water saving, nitrogen reduction, stem strength, yield, grain quality