长期施肥对休闲季土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.16.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在农作物-休闲轮作系统中，研究长期施肥条件下休闲季土壤呼吸温度敏感性（Q₁₀）的变化机理，为科学调控黄土高原雨养区的农田温室气体排放提供依据。【方法】依托长武农田生态试验站的长期定位施肥试验，在小麦收获后的休闲季测定不同施肥处理下（CK、N、NP、M、NPM）的土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度、土壤水分、底物的数量 (土壤有机碳和根茬碳)和质量 (土壤碳氮比和根茬碳氮比，依次简写为土壤C﹕N和根茬C﹕N)，研究长期施肥影响休闲季Q₁₀变异的机理。【结果】在休闲季，不同施肥处理下的土壤呼吸速率差异显著（P＜0.05），长期施肥导致土壤呼吸速率增加了6%—127%。土壤温度、土壤水分、底物的数量和质量均是影响土壤呼吸速率的重要因素（P＜0.05）。土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响，利用指数关系模型进行拟合 (P＜0.05)，且土壤温度可以解释40%—57%的土壤呼吸变异性。而土壤呼吸速率对土壤水分的响应则用抛物线关系模型进行拟合（P＜0.05），且土壤水分可以解释56%—74%的土壤呼吸变异性。同时，底物的数量和质量对土壤呼吸速率的影响，利用线性关系模型进行模拟（P＜0.05），且底物的数量和质量可以解释高达66%—94%的土壤呼吸变异性。长期单施氮肥处理（N）对土壤有机碳影响不显著（P＞0.05），而NP、M和NPM处理下的土壤有机碳则增加了12%—36%。同时，N处理下的根茬碳减少了34%，而NP、M和NPM处理下的根茬碳则增加了15%—63%。N和NP处理下的土壤C﹕N影响不显著（P＞0.05），而M和NPM处理下的土壤C﹕N则增加了12%—13%。不同施肥处理下的根茬C﹕N则降低了8%—38%。在休闲季，长期施肥导致Q₁₀降低了12%—56%，而长期施肥处理下Q₁₀的差异与底物的数量（土壤有机碳和根茬碳）和质量（土壤C﹕N和根茬C﹕N）或者二者的交互作用密切相关（P＜0.05）。Q10随着底物数量和土壤C﹕N的增加均呈现出线性降低的趋势（P＜0.05），且底物的数量和土壤 C﹕N可以解释61%—95%的Q₁₀变异性，而Q₁₀随着根茬C﹕N的增加呈现出线性增加的趋势（P＜0.05），且根茬C﹕N可以解释72%的Q₁₀变异性。同时对Q₁₀的贡献呈现出根茬碳＞根茬C﹕N＞土壤有机碳＞土壤C﹕N的趋势（2.16 vs. 1.22 vs. 0.48 vs. 0.03）。【结论】在农作物-休闲轮作系统中，长期施肥通过影响底物的数量和质量影响休闲季Q₁₀的变化，对科学评价黄土高原雨养区的农田温室气体排放具有重要意义。

关键词: 长期施肥, 土壤呼吸温度敏感性, 底物数量和质量, 休闲季

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the mechanism of changes in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀) during the fallow season under different agricultural management measures in the crop-fallow rotation system as it is of great importance for scientific regulation of greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural ecosystem in rain-fed areas of the Loess Plateau. 【Method】An experiment of long-term fertilization experiment was carried out in “Changwu Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station”, and the soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil moisture, the quantity and quality of substrate under different fertilization treatments (CK, N, NP, M, and NPM) were determined during the fallow season after winter wheat was harvested for studying the mechanism of changes in the Q₁₀ during fallow season under different agricultural management measures.【Result】During the fallow season, the soil respiration rate was statistically significant under different fertilization treatments (P＜0.05), with soil respiration rate was increased by 6%-127% under different fertilization treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture, the quantity and quality substrate were important factors affecting soil respiration rate (P＜0.05) in the experiment. The effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate was fitted by the exponential relationship model (P＜0.05), and the soil temperature could explain 40%-57% of the variability of soil respiration rate. The response of soil respiration rate to soil moisture was fitted with a parabolic model (P ＜0.05), and the soil moisture could explain 56%-74% of the variability of soil respiration rate. In addition, the effect of the quantity and quality of the substrate on the soil respiration rate was simulated by the linear relationship model (P＜0.05), and the quantity and quality of the substrate could explain up to 66%-94% of the variability of soil respiration rate. The effect of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon was not significant (P＞0.05) under N treatment, whereas increased soil organic carbon by 12%-36% under NP, M, and NPM treatments, respectively. At the same time, long-term fertilization reduced root stubble C by 34% under N treatment, whereas increased root stubble C by 15%-63% under NP, M, and NPM treatments, respectively. The effect of long-term fertilization on soil C﹕N was not significant (P＞0.05) under N and NP treatments, whereas increased soil C﹕N by 12%-13% under M and NPM treatments, respectively. At the same time, long-term fertilization decreased root stubble C﹕N by 8%-38%. During the fallow season, long-term fertilization decreased Q₁₀ by 12%-56%, which was closely related with substrate quantity (soil organic carbon and root stubble C) and quality (soil C﹕N and root stubble C﹕N) or their interplay (P＜0.05). Q₁₀ under different fertilization treatments increased with decreasing of soil organic carbon, root stubble C, and soil C﹕N (P＜0.05), with substrate quantity and soil C﹕N could explain 61%-95% of the variability of Q₁₀. Q₁₀ under different fertilization treatments increased with root stubble C﹕N (P＜0.05), with root stubble C﹕N could explain 72% of the variability of Q₁₀. Meanwhile, the contribution of substrate quantity and quality to Q₁₀showed the ordered of root stubble C＞ root stubble C﹕N＞ soil organic carbon ＞ soil C﹕N (2.16 vs. 1.22 vs. 0.48 vs. 0.03).【Conclusion】It was concluded that in the crop-fallow rotation system, long-term fertilization affects the variation in Q₁₀through the quantity and quality of the substrate during the fallow season in the agro-ecosystems are of great importance for scientific regulation of the greenhouse gas emissions in rain-fed areas of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: long-term fertilization, temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, quantity and quality of substrate, fallow season

张彦军. 长期施肥对休闲季土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(16): 3164-3174.

ZHANG YanJun. Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Respiration During Fallow Season[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(16): 3164-3174.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.16.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2017/V50/I16/3164

参考文献

[1] HIBBARD K A, LAW B E, REICHSTEIN M. An analysis of soil respiration across northern hemisphere temperate ecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 2005, 73(1): 29-70.

[2] SCHLESINGER W H, ANDREWS J A. Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 48(1): 7-20.

[3] 张晓龙, 沈冰, 权全, 董樑, 田开迪. 渭河平原农田冬小麦土壤呼吸及其影响因素.应用生态学报, 2016, 27(8): 2551-2560.

ZHANG X L, SHEN B, QUAN A, DONG L, TIANＫD. Soil respiration rates and its affecting factors in winter wheat land in the Weihe Plain, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(8): 2551-2560. (in Chinese)

[4] 刘德辉, 陶于祥. 土壤、农业与全球气候变化. 火山地质与矿产, 2000, 21(4): 290-295.

LIU D H, TAO Y X. Soil, agriculture and global climate change. Volcanology & Mineral Resource, 2000, 21(4): 290-295. (in Chinese)

[5] 齐志勇．不同培肥模式对土壤呼吸和土壤养分变化的研究[D]．哈尔滨：东北农业大学, 2003.

QI Z Y. Studies on the effect of different fertilization patterns on soil respiration and soil nutrients in maize ecosystem[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2003. (in Chinese)

[6] 高洪军, 彭畅, 张秀芝, 李强, 朱平. 长期不同施肥对东北黑土区玉米产量稳定性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23): 4790-4799.

GAO H J, PENG C, ZHANG X Z, LI Q, ZHU P. Effect of Long-term different fertilization on maize yield stability in the Northeast Black soil region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4790-4799. (in Chinese)

[7] WANG R, WANG Z, SUN Q, Zhao M, DU L, WU D, LI R, GAO X, GUO S. Effects of crop types and nitrogen fertilization on temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 163: 1-9.

[8] BABULICOVÁ M. The influence of fertilization and crop rotation on the winter wheat production. Plant Soil and Environment, 2014, 60(7): 297-302.

[9] 姜继韶, 郭胜利, 王蕊, 刘庆芳, 王志齐, 张彦军, 李娜娜, 李如剑, 吴得峰, 孙棋棋. 施氮对黄土旱塬区春玉米土壤呼吸和温度敏感性的影响. 环境科学, 2015(5): 1802-1809.

JIANG J S, GUO S L,WANG R, LIU Q F, WANG Z Q, ZHANG Y J, LI N N, LI R J, WU D F, SUN Q Q. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity in spring maize field in semi-arid regions on loess plateau. Environmental Science, 2015(5): 1802-1809. (in Chinese)

[10] WANG R, SUN Q, WANG Y, LIU Q, DU L, ZHAO M, GAO X, HU Y, AND GUO S. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration: Synthetic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Chinese Loess Plateau. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 574: 1665-1673.

[11] 张前兵, 杨玲, 孙兵, 张旺锋, 罗宏海, 张亚黎, 王进. 干旱区灌溉及施肥措施下棉田土壤的呼吸特征. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(14): 77-84.

ZHANG Q B, YANG L, SUN B, ZHANG W F, LUO H H, ZHANG Y L, WANG J. Respiration characteristics of cotton soil under irrigation and fertilization measures in arid region. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(14):77-84. (in Chinese)

[12] FENG J G, WANG J S, DING L B, PYAO P P, QIAO, M P, YAO S C. Meta-analyses of the effects of major global change drivers on soil respiration across China. Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 150: 181-186.

[13] HANSON P J, EDWARDS N T, GARTEN C T, ANDREWS J A, RUSTAD L E, HUNTINGDON T G, BOONE R D. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: a review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 48(1): 115-146.

[14] 王维钰, 乔博, Kashif AKHTAR, 袁率, 任广鑫, 冯永忠. 免耕条件下秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统土壤呼吸及土壤水热状况的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(11): 2136-2152.

WANG W Y, QIAO B, KASHIF A, YUAN S, REN GＸ，FENG Y Z. Effects of straw returning to field on soil respiration and soil water heat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system under no tillage. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(11): 2136-2152. (in Chinese)

[15] WEN W, LIAO Y C, QIANG G. Seasonal and annual variations of CO₂ fluxes in rain-fed winter wheat agro-ecosystem of Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2013, 12(1): 147-158.

[16] BUYSSE P, SCHNEPFKISS A C, CARNOL M, MALCHAIR S, ROISIN C, AUBINET M. Fifty years of crop residue management have a limited impact on soil heterotrophic respiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013, 180(8): 102-111.

[17] SRINIVASARAO C, VENKATESWARLU B, LAL R, SINGH A K, VITTAL K P R, KUNDU S, SINGH S R, SINGH S P. Long-term effects of soil fertility management on carbon sequestration in a rice–lentil cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012, 76(1): 168-178.

[18] ZHE E S, GANG L X, MING C Z, HANG L X, RONG S J, GUGGENBERGER G. Long‐term fertilization and manuring effects on physically separated soil organic-matter pools under continuous wheat cropping at a rainfed semiarid site in China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2012, 175(5): 689-697.

[19] AMOUGOU N, BERTRAND I, MACHET J M, RECOUS S. Quality and decomposition in soil of rhizome, root and senescent leaf from Miscanthus x giganteus, as affected by harvest date and N fertilization. Plant and Soil, 2011, 338(1): 83-97.

[20] LIANG B, YANG X, HE X, ZHOU J. Effects of 17-year fertilization on soil microbial biomass C and N and soluble organic C and N in loessial soil during maize growth. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2011, 47(2): 121-128.

[21] BALOGH J, PINTER K, FOTI S, CSERHALMI D, PAPP M, NAGY Z. Dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture, clay content, soil organic matter, and CO₂ uptake in dry grasslands. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43(5): 1006-1013.

[22] WAGAI R, KISHIMOTOMO A W, YONEMURA S, SHIRATO Y, HIRADATE S, YAGASAKI Y. Linking temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to its molecular structure, accessibility, and microbial physiology. Global Change Biology, 2013, 19(4): 1114-25.

[23] GRITTI E S, DUPUTIÉ A, MASSOL F, CHUINE I. Estimating consensus and associated uncertainty between inherently different species distribution models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4(5): 442-452.

[24] GUNTIÑAS M E, GILSOTRES F, LEIRÓS M C, TRASARCEPEDA C. Sensitivity of soil respiration to moisture and temperature. Journal of Soil Sciences and plant Nutrition, 2013, 13(2): 445-461.

[25] LÜTZOW M V, KÖGELKNABNER I. Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition- what do we know? Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2009, 46(1): 1-15.

[26] ZHANG Y, GUO S, LIU Q, JIANG J, WANG R, LI N. Responses of soil respiration to land use conversions in degraded ecosystem of the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Ecological Engineering, 2015, 74: 196-205.

[27] ZHANG Y J, GUO S L, ZHAO M, DU L L, LI R J, JIANG J S, WANG R, LI N N. Soil moisture influence on the interannual variation in temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon mineralization in the Loess Plateau. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2015, 12(2): 1453-1474.

[28] PANG X, ZHU B, LÜ X, CHENG W. Labile substrate availability controls temperature sensitivity of organic carbon decomposition at different soil depths. Biogeochemistry, 2015, 126(1): 1-14.

[29] 高会议, 郭胜利, 刘文兆, 车升国. 施氮水平对黄土旱塬区麦田土壤呼吸变化的影响. 环境科学, 2010, 31(2): 390-396.

GAO H Y, GUO S L, LIU W Z, CHE S G. Effects of nitrogen rates on soil respiration in winter wheat cropping system in semi-arid regions on Loess Plateaun. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(2): 390-396. (in Chinese)

[30] XU M, QI Y. Spatial and seasonal variations of Q₁₀ determined by soil respiration measurements at a Sierra Nevadan Forest. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2001, 15(3): 687-696.

[31] TANG J, QI Y, XU M, MISSON L, GOLDSTEIN A H. Forest thinning and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada. Tree Physiology, 2005, 25(1): 57-66.

[32] ZHANG Y, GAN Z, LI R, WANG R, LI N, ZHAO M, DU L, GUO S, JIANG J, WANG Z. Litter production rates and soil moisture influences interannual variability in litter respiration in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2016, 125: 43-51.

[33] CHEN S, HUANG Y, ZOU J, SHEN Q, HU Z, QIN Y, CHEN H, PAN G. Modeling interannual variability of global soil respiration from climate and soil properties. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010, 150(4): 590-605.

[34] ZHANG Q, LEI H M, YANG D W. Seasonal variations in soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration of a wheat and maize rotation cropland in the North China Plain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013, 180(1): 34-43.

[35] RAICH J W, SCHLESINGER W H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus, 1992, 44(2): 81-99.

[36] PENG S, SHILONG P, TAO W, SUN J, SHEN Z. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41(5): 1008-1014.

[37] KUZYAKOV Y. Sources of CO₂ efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38(3): 425-448.

[38] GRAHAM S L, MILLARD P, HUNT J E, ROGERS G N D, WHITEHEAD D. Roots affect the response of heterotrophic soil respiration to temperature in tussock grass microcosms. Annals of Botany, 2012, 110(2): 253-260.

[39] ZHU B, CHENG W. Rhizosphere priming effect increases the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition. Global Change Biology, 2011, 17(6): 2172-2183.

[40] BUYSSE P, ROISIN C, AUBINET M. Fifty years of contrasted residue management of an agricultural crop: Impacts on the soil carbon budget and on soil heterotrophic respiration. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2013, 167(1): 52-59.

[41] 高洪军, 朱平, 彭畅, 张秀芝, 李强, 张卫建. 不同施肥方式对东北春玉米农田土壤水热特征的影响. 水土保持学报, 2015. 29(4): 195-200.

GAO H J, ZHU P, PENG C, ZHANG X Z, LI Q. Effect of different fertilization methods on soil moisture and temperature characteristics of spring maize in northeast china. Joutnal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(4):195-200. (in Chinese)

[42] 于小彬, 蒙美莲, 刘素军, 张婷婷, 孟丽丽, 焦瑞枣, 陈有君. 施肥对马铃薯农田土壤水分时空变化及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2016(3): 151-157.

YU X B, MENG M L, LIU S J, ZHANG T T, MENG L L, JIAO R Z, CHEN Y J. Effects of fertilization on soil moisture temporal and spatial variation and yield of potato. Crops, 2016(3):151-157. (in Chinese)

[43] 张彦军. 凋落物呼吸温度敏感性的变化特征及其影响因素. 环境科学, 2017, DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201612097.

ZHANG Y J. Variation in the temperature sensitivity of surface litter respiration and its influencing factors. Environmental Science, 2017, DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201612097. (in Chinese)

[44] REICHSTEIN M, BEDNORZ F, BROLL G, KÄTTERER T. Temperature dependence of carbon mineralisation: conclusions from a long-term incubation of subalpine soil samples. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(7): 947-958.

[45] 罗由林, 李启权, 王昌全, 张维, 张浩, 李林鲜, 陈俊伟, 马煜. 川中丘陵县域土壤碳氮比空间变异特征及其影响因素. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(1): 177-185.

LUO Y L, LI Q Q, WANG C Q, ZHANG W, ZHANG H, LI L X, CHEN J W, MA Y. Spatial variability of soil C-N ratio and its influence factors at a county scale in hilly area of Mid-Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(1): 177-185. (in Chinese)

[46] 张彦军, 郭胜利, 南雅芳, 李泽. 黄土丘陵区小流域土壤碳氮比的变化及其影响因素. 自然资源学报, 2012(7): 1214-1223.

ZHANG Y J, GUO S L, NAN Y F, LI Z. The changes and influencing factors of soil C﹕N ratio in small watershed of hilly region of Loess Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012(7):1214-1223. (in Chinese)

[47] FERNEZ I, MAHIEU N, CADISCH G. Carbon isotopic fractionation during decomposition of plant materials of different quality. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2003, 17(3): 1-11.

[48] ROVIRA P, VALLEJO V R. Labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter decomposing at different depths in soil: an acid hydrolysis approach. Geoderma, 2002, 107(1): 109-141.

[49] 郭胜利, 马玉红, 车升国, 孙文义. 黄土区人工与天然植被对凋落物量和土壤有机碳变化的影响. 林业科学, 2009, 45(10): 14-18.

GUO S L, MA Y H, CHEN S G, SUN W Y. Effects of artificial and natural vegetations on litter production and soil organic carbon change in Loess Hilly Areas. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2009, 45(10):14-18. (in Chinese)

[50] 王小利, 郭胜利, 马玉红, 黄道友, 吴金水. 黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(6): 1281-1285.

WANG X L, GUO S L, MA Y H, HUANG D Y, WU J S. Effects of land use type on soil organic C and total N in a small watershed in loess hilly gully region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(6):1281-1285. (in Chinese)

[51] GLENN A J, AMIRO B D, TENUTA M, WAGNER-RIDDLE C, DREWITT G, WARLAND J. Contribution of crop residue carbon to soil respiration at a northern Prairie site using stable isotope flux measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(8): 1045-1054.