贵州香禾糯地方稻种资源表型遗传多样性分析与综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析贵州传统特色地方稻种资源香禾糯种质的表型遗传多样性，筛选表型综合评价指标，构建可靠的综合评价模型，为香禾糯特色优异种质的发掘和选育提供理论支撑。【方法】以286份来源于贵州黔东南州的香禾糯种质为研究对象，测定其13个表型性状。综合运用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析结合隶属函数法、回归分析等多元统计方法，对香禾糯种质进行表型遗传多样性分析和综合评价。【结果】香禾糯种质具有较高的表型遗传多样性，13个表型性状的变异系数为6.79%（谷粒宽）—30.73%（单株有效穗），多样性指数（H'）为2.484（谷粒长宽比）—2.996（剑叶宽）。相关性分析表明，各性状间显著或极显著相关，主成分分析将13个单项指标转换为7个独立的综合指标，贡献率为8.44%—23.14%，累计贡献率达90.29%。通过隶属函数法计算表型综合评价D值显示排名前5的品种综合性状最优；13个表型中有11个性状与D值显著相关。利用逐步回归分析建立表型评价数学模型，Y=-0.249+0.119X₅+0.395X₁₃+0.071X₆-0.161X₃+0.108X₁₀+ 0.170X₂+0.110X₉（F =2 800.200，R²=0.986），筛选出7个表型综合评价指标。基于D值进行系统聚类，将286份种质划分为4类，各类群间性状差异明显，特点突出。第Ⅰ类综合性状最优，具有高产潜力，包含38份资源；第Ⅱ类综合性状一般，结实率较高，包含103份资源；第Ⅲ类综合性状较差，生育期较长，包含94份资源；第Ⅳ类综合性状最差，包含51份资源。【结论】贵州香禾糯稻种资源表型遗传多样性丰富；采用多元统计分析方法综合评价香禾糯种质是可行的；相同条件下构建的回归方程，可量化评价香禾糯种质的综合表现，且穗实粒数、谷粒宽、结实率、单株有效穗、剑叶长、株高和单株产量可作为鉴评指标；鉴选出早禾、糯禾-12、90天禾、苟东-1、糯禾-11等综合性状协调的优异种质，可供香禾糯品种遗传改良与水稻育种利用。

关键词: 香禾糯, 稻种资源, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】To analyze the phenotypic genetic diversity of traditional characteristic landraces of Kam Sweet Rice (KSR) in Guizhou, this study screened the comprehensive evaluation indicators for phenotype, and constructed a reliable mathematical model for comprehensive evaluation on phenotypes. This study provides valuable theoretical support for the discovery and breeding of exceptional KSR germplasm resources. 【Method】13 phenotypic traits from a total of 286 KSR accessions collected from the Southeast Guizhou were measured. A variety of multiple statistical methods, including Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index, principal component analysis, subordinate function value analysis, and stepwise regression analysis, were used to analyze the phenotypic genetic diversity and comprehensively evaluate on KSR germplasm resources. 【Result】Firstly, the KSR germplasm showed high phenotypic genetic diversity, with the variation coefficients of the 13 phenotypic traits ranging from 6.79% (Grain width) to 30.73% (Panicle number per plant), and the diversity index (H') ranging from 2.484 (Ratio of length to width for grain) to 2.996 (Flag leaf width). Correlation analysis showed significant or highly significant correlations among the different traits. Principal component analysis showed that the 13 traits were integrated into 7 principal components, with contribution rates ranging from 8.44% to 23.14%, and the additive contributing rate came up to 90.29%. The phenotypic comprehensive evaluation D value calculated by subordinate function values analysis showed that the top 5 varieties had the best characteristics, and 11 phenotypic traits were significantly correlated with the D value. The stepwise regression analysis established a mathematical model for phenotypic evaluation of KSR, Y=-0.249+0.119X₅+0.395X₁₃+0.071X₆-0.161X₃+0.108X₁₀+0.170X₂+0.110X₉ (F=2800.200, R²=0.986). Based on the model, 7 comprehensive evaluation indicators were screened out. At last, the 286 germplasm resources were systematically clustered into four categories based on the D value, displaying significant differences among the groups and outstanding characteristics. The group I, including 38 accessions, showed the best comprehensive traits and high yield potential; the group Ⅱ, including 103 accessions, showed general comprehensive traits and high seed setting rate; the group Ⅲ, including 94 accessions, showed poor comprehensive traits and long growth period; the group Ⅳ, including 51 accessions, had the worst comprehensive traits. 【Conclusion】The KSR germplasm resources in Guizhou have abundant phenotypic genetic diversity. It is feasible to use multiple statistical analysis methods for comprehensive evaluation on KSR germplasm diversity. The regression equation constructed under the same conditions can quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive performance of KSR germplasm resources. The filled grains per panicle, grain width, seed setting rate, panicle number per plant, flag leaf length, plant height and grain yield per plant can be used for identifying KSR germplasm resources. The outstanding germplasm resources with coordinated comprehensive traits such as Zaohe, Nuohe-12, 90 Tianhe, Goudong-1 and Nuohe-11 were screened out, which can be ultilized for genetic improvement of KSR and for rice breeding.

Key words: Kam Sweet Rice, rice germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation

李欢, 鄢小青, 杨占烈, 谭金玉, 黎小冰, 陈能刚, 吴荣菊, 陈惠查, 阮仁超. 贵州香禾糯地方稻种资源表型遗传多样性分析与综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(11): 2035-2046.

LI Huan, YAN XiaoQing, YANG ZhanLie, TAN JinYu, LI XiaoBing, CHEN NengGang, WU RongJu, CHEN HuiCha, RUAN RenChao. Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotype Genetic Diversity in Kam Sweet Rice Germplasm Resources in Guizhou[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2035-2046.

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表型性状Phenotypic traits	平均值Mean	标准差SD	变异系数CV (%)	多样性指数H'
播始历期DSH (d)	132.6	15.29	11.52	2.812
株高PH (cm)	150.4	17.40	11.57	2.762
单株有效穗PNP	7.7	2.37	30.73	2.658
穗长PL (cm)	26.4	2.10	7.96	2.996
穗实粒数FGPP	236.5	51.39	21.73	2.988
结实率SSR (%)	78.9	8.73	11.06	2.762
千粒重TGW (g)	26.0	2.34	9.01	2.754
谷粒长宽比RLWG	2.1	0.30	13.89	2.484
单株产量GYP (g)	35.8	9.18	25.66	2.920
剑叶长FLL (cm)	35.9	5.74	16.01	2.956
剑叶宽FLW (cm)	1.8	0.22	12.09	2.996
谷粒长GL (mm)	7.4	0.54	7.33	2.684
谷粒宽GW (mm)	3.5	0.24	6.79	2.825

表型性状Phenotypic traits	播始历期 DSH	株高 PH	单株有效穗 PNP	穗长 PL	穗实粒数 FGPP	结实率 SSR	千粒重 TGW	谷粒长宽比 RLWG	单株产量 GYP	剑叶长 FLL	剑叶宽 FLW	谷粒长 GL
株高PH	0.46**
单株有效穗PNP	-0.41**	-0.42**
穗长PL	-0.03	0.38**	-0.21**
穗实粒数FGPP	0.22**	0.41**	-0.48**	0.52**
结实率SSR	-0.28**	0.00	0.01	-0.09	-0.15**
千粒重TGW	-0.12*	-0.11*	-0.08*	-0.04	-0.21**	0.08
谷粒长宽比RLWG	-0.47**	-0.60**	0.47**	-0.13*	-0.42**	-0.05	0.08
单株产量GYP	-0.34**	-0.11*	0.58**	0.19**	0.23**	0.31**	0.10	0.12*
剑叶长FLL	-0.34**	0.09	-0.03	0.40**	0.30**	0.08	-0.11*	-0.01	0.20**
剑叶宽FLW	0.58**	0.32*	-0.43**	-0.04	0.31**	-0.12*	0.10	-0.39**	-0.15**	-0.09*
谷粒长GL	-0.41**	-0.53**	0.32**	-0.06	-0.39**	-0.05	0.42**	0.89**	0.11*	-0.04	-0.29**
谷粒宽GW	0.41**	0.50**	-0.53**	0.16**	0.38**	0.04	0.31**	-0.86**	-0.09	-0.03	0.42**	-0.56**

主成分 Principle factor	表型性状 Phenotypic traits	CI₁	CI₂	CI₃	CI₄	CI₅	CI₆	CI₇
特征值Eigen value		3.009	1.745	1.615	1.578	1.379	1.315	1.098
贡献率Contribution ratio (%)		23.14	13.42	12.42	12.14	10.61	10.12	8.44
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio (%)		23.14	36.57	48.99	61.13	71.73	81.85	90.29
特征向量Eigen vector	播始历期DSH	0.197	0.106	0.425	-0.187	-0.123	-0.461	-0.207
	株高PH	0.302	0.461	0.122	-0.132	-0.099	-0.179	0.103
	单株有效穗PNP	-0.169	-0.223	-0.315	0.592	-0.111	-0.098	-0.096
	穗长PL	0.015	0.679	-0.061	0.034	0.033	0.208	-0.080
	穗实粒数FGPP	0.172	0.437	0.364	0.076	-0.121	0.313	-0.123
	结实率SSR	0.034	-0.048	-0.063	0.094	0.036	0.053	0.932
	千粒重TGW	-0.035	-0.034	0.023	0.014	0.829	-0.051	0.045
	谷粒长宽比RLWG	-0.557	-0.089	-0.141	0.083	0.012	0.004	-0.019
	单株产量GYP	-0.028	0.124	0.012	0.745	0.072	0.147	0.201
	剑叶长FLL	0.008	0.178	-0.037	0.029	-0.073	0.756	0.035
	剑叶宽FLW	0.128	-0.016	0.708	-0.088	0.071	-0.074	-0.039
	谷粒长GL	-0.506	-0.030	-0.098	0.041	0.341	-0.009	-0.037
	谷粒宽GW	0.475	0.123	0.180	-0.098	0.354	-0.014	0.004

表型性状Phenotypic traits	相关系数Correlation coefficients
穗实粒数FGPP	0.803**
谷粒宽GW	0.716**
单株有效穗PNP	-0.700**
谷粒长宽比RLWG	-0.695**
株高PH	0.646**
谷粒长GL	-0.534**
穗长PL	0.498**
剑叶宽FLW	0.486**
剑叶长FLL	0.346**
播始历期DSH	0.315**
结实率SSR	0.150*
千粒重TGW	0.067
单株产量GYP	0.069

表型性状 Phenotypic traits	类群 Group
表型性状 Phenotypic traits	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
播始历期DSH	130.39	136.26	138.83	115.63
株高PH	161.58	157.43	150.49	127.80
单株有效穗PNP	6.36	6.69	7.54	11.05
穗长PL	28.38	26.85	26.06	24.60
穗实粒数FGPP	312.37	255.62	217.98	175.75
结实率SSR	80.73	80.77	75.58	79.90
千粒重TGW	26.20	26.11	25.84	25.73
谷粒长宽比RLWG	1.96	2.00	2.10	2.55
单株产量GYP	41.78	35.80	31.78	38.68
剑叶长FLL	41.75	36.48	33.53	34.55
剑叶宽FLW	1.93	1.91	1.83	1.63
谷粒长GL	7.17	7.27	7.35	8.03
谷粒宽GW	3.67	3.65	3.52	3.18
D值D value	0.70	0.62	0.53	0.40