宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 233-247.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析

姜朋¹(),张鹏¹(),姚金保¹,吴磊¹,何漪¹,李畅¹,马鸿翔²(),张旭¹()

¹江苏省农业科学院/现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心/CIMMYT-JAAS小麦病害联合研究中心,南京210014
²扬州大学农学院/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省作物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室/植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-07-04 接受日期:2021-08-20 出版日期:2022-01-16 发布日期:2022-01-26
通讯作者: 马鸿翔,张旭
作者简介:姜朋,E-mail: hmjp2005@163.com。|张鹏,E-mail: jszhangpeng@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0126700);国家自然科学基金(31901545);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX181001)

Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties

JIANG Peng¹(),ZHANG Peng¹(),YAO JinBao¹,WU Lei¹,HE Yi¹,LI Chang¹,MA HongXiang²(),ZHANG Xu¹()

¹Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry/CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, Nanjing 210014
²College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Lab of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Lab of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2021-07-04 Accepted:2021-08-20 Online:2022-01-16 Published:2022-01-26
Contact: HongXiang MA,Xu ZHANG

1. 电子附表.rar(84KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过分析宁麦系列已育成品种的性状表现,明确宁麦系列品种的主要性状特点及存在问题,同时对宁麦系列品种及新选育高代品系进行基因型分析,明确宁麦系列品种（系）的遗传多样性及重要性状控制位点的分布,为宁麦系列品种的遗传改良、育种和生产利用提供依据。【方法】以宁麦系列23个已审定品种及51份高代品系为材料,对产量、品质、抗病性等主要性状表型进行分析,利用Affymetrix 50K基因芯片筛选品种基因型,并补充检测部分功能基因。【结果】宁麦系列品种具有丰产性突出、中弱筋品质及赤霉病抗性优良,白粉病、锈病抗性水平相对较差等特点。经过筛选获得28 253个高质量SNP位点,已审定的23个品种间的遗传相似系数为0.407—0.964,平均为0.600;51个高代品系间的遗传相似系数为0.456—0.985,平均为0.684。宁麦系列品种（系）的春性主要由Vrn-D1的位点变异造成,Ppd-D1位点变异使所有材料均为光周期迟钝型;Rht-B1b变异使株高降低,宁麦系列品种还含有较多的提高千粒重与抗穗发芽基因的优势等位变异。宁麦系列品种（系）中含有赤霉病主效抗病基因Fhb1的材料占比达到48.6%,约30%的高代品系携带白粉病主效抗病基因Pm21。【结论】宁麦系列品种（系）的遗传多样性呈降低趋势,有必要加强种质创新,拓宽育种群体遗传背景;宁麦系列品种（系）携带较多的抗赤霉病及提高千粒重、抗穗发芽的基因或QTL位点,可作为亲本应用于小麦品种诸多性状的遗传改良。宁麦系列品种以中弱筋小麦为主,需加强中强筋、强筋品质类型的品种选育,同时注重白粉病、锈病的抗性改良。

关键词: 宁麦, 系谱, 遗传多样性, 分子育种

Abstract:

【Objective】The phenotypic characteristics, genetic diversity and distribution of the loci controlling important traits in Ningmai series varieties (lines) were clarified by analyzing the main traits of Ningmai series varieties and the genotype of the varieties and lines in order to provide a basis for genetic improvement and utilization in breeding and production. 【Method】The main traits including yield, quality and disease resistance of the twenty-three approved varieties were analyzed, and all the approved varieties and lines were genotyped with Affymetrix 50K array, and some other functional genes were identified additionally. 【Result】Ningmai series wheat varieties had good performance in yield, medium and weak gluten quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), and poor performance in resistance to powdery mildew and rust. After quality control, 28 253 high-quality SNPs were obtained. The genetic similarity coefficients among the 23 approved varieties ranged from 0.407 to 0.964, with an average of 0.600, and ranged from 0.456 to 0.985 for those among 51 high-generation lines, with an average of 0.684. The spring habit of Ningmai series varieties (lines) was mainly caused by the variation of Vrn-D1, and Ppd-D1 made all materials photoperiod insensitive. Rht-B1b was mostly present in Ningmai series varieties (lines) to reduce the plant height, and there were lots of favorable alleles on thousand grain weight and pre-harvest sprouting. 48.6% of Ningmai series varieties (lines) had the major resistance gene Fhb1 to FHB, and nearly 30% carried the major resistance gene Pm21 to powdery mildew. 【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of Ningmai series varieties (lines) showed a decreasing trend, and it was necessary to strengthen germplasm innovation and broaden genetic background. Ningmai series varieties (lines) carried many favorable genes on thousand grain weight, pre-harvest sprouting and resistance to FHB, and could be used as excellent parents for genetic improvement of wheat varieties. Ningmai series varieties were mainly medium and weak gluten quality type, and the selection of medium-strong gluten and strong gluten varieties needed to be taken into account, as well as the resistance to powdery mildew and rust.

Key words: Ningmai, pedigree, genetic diversity, molecular breeding

姜朋, 张鹏, 姚金保, 吴磊, 何漪, 李畅, 马鸿翔, 张旭. 宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2): 233-247.

JIANG Peng, ZHANG Peng, YAO JinBao, WU Lei, HE Yi, LI Chang, MA HongXiang, ZHANG Xu. Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 233-247.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.001

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I2/233

图/表 6

图1

表1

宁麦系列品种的主要性状表现"

品种 Varieties	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	对照品种 Check	增产幅度 Increase rate (%)	籽粒蛋白含量 Grain protein content (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	赤霉病 Fusarium head blight	白粉病 Powdery mildew	纹枯病 Sharp eyespot	黄花叶病 Yellow mosaic disease	叶锈病 Leaf rust	条锈病 Yellow rust
宁麦7号 Ningmai 7	85.0	-	39.20	34.10	5849.40	扬麦5号 Yangmai 5	6.85	11.23	4.65	MR/MS	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦8号 Ningmai 8	80.0—85.0	424.5	40.30	37.40	6322.80	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	2.42	11.30	2.50	MR	MR	MS	MS	S	S
宁麦9号 Ningmai 9	85.0	465.0	44.30	35.60	6828.75	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	5.38	12.20	2.30	MR	MS	MR	R	MR	MR
宁麦10号 Ningmai 10	95.0	-	36.00	40.00	5973.60	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	3.56	13.50	3.30	MR	MS	MR	MS	S	S
宁麦11 Ningmai 11	85.0	495.0	33.00	40.00	6735.00	豫麦18 Yumai 18	8.57	14.90	6.60	MS	MS	MS	S	S	S
宁麦12 Ningmai 12	90.0	375.0	38.00	39.00	6002.70	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.15	15.94	18.54	MR	MS	MS	S	S	S
宁麦13 Ningmai 13	85.0	480.0	37.00	36.00	6350.55	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.14	10.90	2.10	MR	S	MS	R	MS	S
宁麦14 Ningmai 14	85.0	495.00	38.00	41.00	6802.50	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	2.17	14.30	2.60	MR	MS	S	MS	MS	S
宁麦15 Ningmai 15	95.0	435.00-450.00	>40.00	>40.00	6373.20	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	7.10	13.48	4.80	MR	S	MR	R	S	S
宁麦16 Ningmai 16	86.0	300.00—480.00	41.00—45.00	39.00—41.00	6920.85	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	4.47	13.20	8.30	R/MR	MS	MR/MS	R	S	S
宁麦17 Ningmai 17	92.5	420.00	41.85	45.76	7102.50	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	7.10	13.30	3.20	MR	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦18 Ningmai 18	92.2	500.00	43.20	36.30	6768.45	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	4.63	12.43	2.15	R/MR	R/MR	MS/S	R	S	S
宁麦19 Ningmai 19	86.9	430.00	40.00	39.70	6159.15	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	8.43	13.10	4.70	MR/MS	S	MS	R	S	S
宁麦20 Ningmai 20	85.0	468.00	39.10	39.00	5782.20	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	1.79	14.70	8.80	R	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦21 Ningmai 21	86.6	450.0	38.00—40.00	45.00	6511.65	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	5.56	13.94	4.67	MR	S	MS	S	S	S
宁麦22 Ningmai 22	85.0	460.0	42.07	43.70	5940.00	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	7.60	12.57	6.10	MR/MS	MS/S	MS/S	R	S	S
宁麦23 Ningmai 23	95.0	496.5	45.35	42.43	6013.95	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.51	13.23	3.60	MR	S	MR/MS	R	S	S
宁麦24 Ningmai 24	80.0	532.5	40.10	39.90	6439.95	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.36	12.59	5.00	MR	MR/MS	S	R	S	S
宁麦26 Ningmai 26	79.0	496.4	34.61	43.21	6793.20	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	6.72	14.80	10.30	MR	S	MR	R	S	S
宁麦27 Ningmai 27	84.5	465.2	41.80	39.70	6342.75	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	6.00	11.40	3.00	MR	S	MS	R	S	S
宁麦28 Ningmai 28	85.3	481.5	39.10	41.20	6789.75	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	4.32	14.00	4.30	MR	S	S	MR	S	S

表1

表2

宁麦系列品种（系）重要性状相关位点的分布"

性状 Traits	基因 Gene	标记 Marker	来源 Source	基因型A Genotype A (%)	表型A Phenotype A	基因型B Genotype B (%)	表型B Phenotype B
春化 Vernalization	Vrn-A1	AX-86162267	SNP芯片SNP array	vrn-A1 (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-A1 (0)	春性Spring
		AX-176643931	SNP芯片SNP array	Vrn-A1b (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-A1a (0)	春性Spring
		AX-86170790	SNP芯片SNP array	Jagger type (16.7)	春化时间短 Short time of vernalization	2147 type (83.3)	春化时间长 Long time of vernalization
		AX-86170797	SNP芯片SNP array	Calire-type (16.2)	早花Early flower	Hereward-type (81.1)	晚花Late flower
	Vrn-B1	AX-179476571	SNP芯片SNP array	vrn-B1/Vrn-B1c (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-B1a,b (0)	春性Spring
	Vrn-B1	AX-176643317	SNP芯片SNP array	Null (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-B1b (0)	春性Spring
	Vrn-D1	AX-89774282	SNP芯片SNP array	Null (5.4)	冬性Winter	Vrn-D1a (93.2)	春性Spring
光周期 Photoperiod sensitivity	Ppd-A1	AX-179399168	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	GS-100 type (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-A1	AX-179399166	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	GS-105 type (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-B1	AX-179477452	SNP芯片SNP array	Non-truncated (100)	敏感Sensitive	truncated copy (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-D1	AX-179399165	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (0)	敏感Sensitive	Deletion (100)	迟钝Insensitive
		AX-179477451	SNP芯片SNP array	Insertion (0)	敏感Sensitive	Wildtype (100)	迟钝Insensitive
		AX-179476570	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	Deletion (0)	迟钝Insensitive
株高 Plant height	Rht-B1	AX-86170699	SNP芯片SNP array	Rht-B1a (0)	野生型Wild type	Rht-B1b (100)	矮秆Dwarf
株高 Plant height	Rht-D1	AX-86170702	SNP芯片SNP array	Rht-D1a (100)	野生型Wild type	Rht-D1b (0)	矮秆Dwarf
千粒重 Thousand grain weight	TaSus2-A1	AX-176643663	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-G (0)	低千粒重Lower TGW	Hap-A (100)	高千粒重Higher TGW
	TaCwi	AX-86170752	SNP芯片SNP array	TaCwi-A1b (100)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaCwi-A1a (0)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGS2-A1	AX-179477467	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS2-A1b (87.3)	高千粒重High TGW	TaGS2-A1a (12.7)	低千粒重Low TGW
	TaSus2-B1	AX-94980963	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-L (23.6)	低千粒重Low TGW	Hap-H (76.4)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGS5	AX-86167422	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS5-A1a (5.4)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaGS5-A1b (94.6)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaCKX-D1	AX-179477458	SNP芯片SNP array	TaCKX-D1b (0)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaCKX-D1a (100)	高千粒重High TGW
	TGW6-4A	AX-176638862	SNP芯片SNP array	TaTGW6-a (100)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaTGW6-b (0)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGASR	AX-181481120	SNP芯片SNP array	H1g (0)	低千粒重Low TGW	H1c (100)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGW7	AX-110471140	SNP芯片SNP array	TaTGW-7Aa (95.9)	高千粒重High TGW	TaTGW-7Ab (4.1)	低千粒重Low TGW
	TaSus1	AX-179477464	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-T (100)	高千粒重Higher TGW	Hap-C (0)	低千粒重Lower TGW
	TaGS-D1	AX-176640664	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS-D1a (95.9)	高千粒重High TGW	TaGS-D1b (4.1)	低千粒重Low TGW
穗粒数 Grain number	TaMoc	AX-176643151	SNP芯片SNP array	HapH (5.4)	穗粒数多 High grain number	HapL (94.6)	穗粒数低 Low grain number
性状 Traits	基因 Gene	标记 Marker	来源 Source	基因型A Genotype A (%)	表型A Phenotype A	基因型B Genotype B (%)	表型B Phenotype B
抗穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting	TaSdr-A1	AX-176644572	SNP芯片SNP array	TaSdr-A1a (100)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	TaSdr-A1b (0)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaSdr-B1	AX-176639367	SNP芯片SNP array	TaSdr-B1a (100)	低穗发芽率Low germination	TaSdr-B1b (0)	高穗发芽率High germination
	TaVp-1B	AX-179477457	SNP芯片SNP array	Vp1Ba,b (100)	穗发芽 PHS susceptible	Vp1B1c (0)	轻度抗穗发芽 Slightly PHS resistance
	TaVp-1B	AX-179477456	SNP芯片SNP array	Vp1Bb (0)	抗穗发芽PHS resistance	Vp1Ba,c (100)	穗发芽PHS susceptible
	TaPHS1 (-222)	AX-176641372	SNP芯片SNP array	RioBlanceo type (100)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (0)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaPHS1 (+646)		KASP标记KASP marker	RioBlanceo type (59.5)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (40.5)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaPHS1 (+666)		KASP标记KASP marker	RioBlanceo type (59.5)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (40.5)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness	Pina-D1	AX-179477449	SNP芯片SNP array	Pina-D1a (100)	软质Soft	Pina-D1b (0)	硬质Hard
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness	Pinb-D1		KASP标记KASP marker	Pinb-D1a (64.9)	软质Soft	Pinb-D1b (35.1)	硬质Hard
蛋白质含量 Grain protein content	Gpc-B1	AX-179477448	SNP芯片SNP array	Gpc-B1 (100)	正常籽粒蛋白含量 Normal GPC	Gpc-B1 (0)	高籽粒蛋白含量 Increased GPC
高分子量谷蛋白亚基 HMW-GS	Glu-A1	AX-179477455	SNP芯片SNP array	2*, 1 (100)	强筋Strong gluten	Null (0)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-A1	AX-86170659	SNP芯片SNP array	2*, Null (28.4)	强筋Strong gluten	1 (71.6)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-B1	AX-176641422	SNP芯片SNP array	Bx13 (0)	强筋Strong gluten	Non Bx13 (100)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-D1		KASP标记KASP marker	2+12 or other (52.7)	弱筋Weak gluten	5+10 (47.3)	强筋Strong gluten
番茄红素合成酶 Phytoene synthase	Psy-A1	AX-179477462	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-A1b (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC	Psy-A1a (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC
	Psy-B1	AX-86170621	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-B1c (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC	Psy-B1a or Psy-B1b (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC
	Psy-D1	AX-95219842	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-D1g (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC	Psy-D1a (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC
番茄红素脱氢酶 Phytoene desaturase	Pds-B1	AX-176640790	SNP芯片SNP array	TaPds-B1b (56.8)	低黄色素含量Low YPC	TaPds-B1a (43.2)	高黄色素含量High YPC
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	PPO-A1	AX-86166813	SNP芯片SNP array	Ppo-A1a (12.3)	高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO	Ppo-A1b (87.7)	低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	PPO-D1	AX-176642150	SNP芯片SNP array	Ppo-D1b (48.6)	高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO	Ppo-D1a (51.4)	低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO
脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	Lox-B1	AX-176640873	SNP芯片SNP array	Lox-B1b (100)	低脂氧合酶活性Low LOX	Lox-B1a (0)	高脂氧合酶活性High LOX
秆锈病 Stem rust	Sr2	AX-176639455	SNP芯片SNP array	Sr2- (100)	感病Susceptible	Sr2 (Hope) (0)	抗病Resistant
秆锈病 Stem rust	Sr36	AX-176641832	SNP芯片SNP array	Sr36- (100)	感病Susceptible	Sr36+ (0)	抗病Resistant
叶锈病 Leaf rust	Lr34	AX-179477447	SNP芯片SNP array	Tsn1+ (0)	不敏感Insensitive	Tsn1- (100)	敏感Sensitive
叶锈病 Leaf rust	Lr67	AX-176644084	SNP芯片SNP array	Lr34- (100)	感病Susceptible	Lr34+ (0)	抗病Resistant
褐斑病 Tan spot	Tsn1	AX-181481160	SNP芯片SNP array	Lr67+ (0)	抗病Resistant	Lr67- (100)	感病Susceptible
赤霉病 Fusarium head blight	Fhb1	JAASM395	电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker	Fhb1+ (48.6)	抗病Resistant	Fhb1- (51.4)	感病Susceptible
白粉病 Powdery mildew	Pm21	MBH1	电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker	Pm21+ (20.3)	抗病Resistant	Pm21- (79.7)	感病Susceptible

表2

图2

图3

图4

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宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析

Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties

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