中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 233-247.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.001
姜朋1(),张鹏1(),姚金保1,吴磊1,何漪1,李畅1,马鸿翔2(),张旭1()
收稿日期:
2021-07-04
接受日期:
2021-08-20
出版日期:
2022-01-16
发布日期:
2022-01-26
通讯作者:
马鸿翔,张旭
作者简介:
姜朋,E-mail: 基金资助:
JIANG Peng1(),ZHANG Peng1(),YAO JinBao1,WU Lei1,HE Yi1,LI Chang1,MA HongXiang2(),ZHANG Xu1()
Received:
2021-07-04
Accepted:
2021-08-20
Online:
2022-01-16
Published:
2022-01-26
Contact:
HongXiang MA,Xu ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】通过分析宁麦系列已育成品种的性状表现,明确宁麦系列品种的主要性状特点及存在问题,同时对宁麦系列品种及新选育高代品系进行基因型分析,明确宁麦系列品种(系)的遗传多样性及重要性状控制位点的分布,为宁麦系列品种的遗传改良、育种和生产利用提供依据。【方法】以宁麦系列23个已审定品种及51份高代品系为材料,对产量、品质、抗病性等主要性状表型进行分析,利用Affymetrix 50K基因芯片筛选品种基因型,并补充检测部分功能基因。【结果】宁麦系列品种具有丰产性突出、中弱筋品质及赤霉病抗性优良,白粉病、锈病抗性水平相对较差等特点。经过筛选获得28 253个高质量SNP位点,已审定的23个品种间的遗传相似系数为0.407—0.964,平均为0.600;51个高代品系间的遗传相似系数为0.456—0.985,平均为0.684。宁麦系列品种(系)的春性主要由Vrn-D1的位点变异造成,Ppd-D1位点变异使所有材料均为光周期迟钝型;Rht-B1b变异使株高降低,宁麦系列品种还含有较多的提高千粒重与抗穗发芽基因的优势等位变异。宁麦系列品种(系)中含有赤霉病主效抗病基因Fhb1的材料占比达到48.6%,约30%的高代品系携带白粉病主效抗病基因Pm21。【结论】宁麦系列品种(系)的遗传多样性呈降低趋势,有必要加强种质创新,拓宽育种群体遗传背景;宁麦系列品种(系)携带较多的抗赤霉病及提高千粒重、抗穗发芽的基因或QTL位点,可作为亲本应用于小麦品种诸多性状的遗传改良。宁麦系列品种以中弱筋小麦为主,需加强中强筋、强筋品质类型的品种选育,同时注重白粉病、锈病的抗性改良。
姜朋, 张鹏, 姚金保, 吴磊, 何漪, 李畅, 马鸿翔, 张旭. 宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2): 233-247.
JIANG Peng, ZHANG Peng, YAO JinBao, WU Lei, HE Yi, LI Chang, MA HongXiang, ZHANG Xu. Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 233-247.
表1
宁麦系列品种的主要性状表现"
品种 Varieties | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 穗数 Spike number (×104·hm-2) | 穗粒数 Kernel number per spike | 千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 对照品种 Check | 增产幅度 Increase rate (%) | 籽粒蛋白含量 Grain protein content (%) | 稳定时间 Stability time (min) | 赤霉病 Fusarium head blight | 白粉病 Powdery mildew | 纹枯病 Sharp eyespot | 黄花叶病 Yellow mosaic disease | 叶锈病 Leaf rust | 条锈病 Yellow rust |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
宁麦7号 Ningmai 7 | 85.0 | - | 39.20 | 34.10 | 5849.40 | 扬麦5号 Yangmai 5 | 6.85 | 11.23 | 4.65 | MR/MS | MS | MS | R | S | S |
宁麦8号 Ningmai 8 | 80.0—85.0 | 424.5 | 40.30 | 37.40 | 6322.80 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 2.42 | 11.30 | 2.50 | MR | MR | MS | MS | S | S |
宁麦9号 Ningmai 9 | 85.0 | 465.0 | 44.30 | 35.60 | 6828.75 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 5.38 | 12.20 | 2.30 | MR | MS | MR | R | MR | MR |
宁麦10号 Ningmai 10 | 95.0 | - | 36.00 | 40.00 | 5973.60 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 3.56 | 13.50 | 3.30 | MR | MS | MR | MS | S | S |
宁麦11 Ningmai 11 | 85.0 | 495.0 | 33.00 | 40.00 | 6735.00 | 豫麦18 Yumai 18 | 8.57 | 14.90 | 6.60 | MS | MS | MS | S | S | S |
宁麦12 Ningmai 12 | 90.0 | 375.0 | 38.00 | 39.00 | 6002.70 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 9.15 | 15.94 | 18.54 | MR | MS | MS | S | S | S |
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 | 85.0 | 480.0 | 37.00 | 36.00 | 6350.55 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 9.14 | 10.90 | 2.10 | MR | S | MS | R | MS | S |
宁麦14 Ningmai 14 | 85.0 | 495.00 | 38.00 | 41.00 | 6802.50 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 2.17 | 14.30 | 2.60 | MR | MS | S | MS | MS | S |
宁麦15 Ningmai 15 | 95.0 | 435.00-450.00 | >40.00 | >40.00 | 6373.20 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 7.10 | 13.48 | 4.80 | MR | S | MR | R | S | S |
宁麦16 Ningmai 16 | 86.0 | 300.00—480.00 | 41.00—45.00 | 39.00—41.00 | 6920.85 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 4.47 | 13.20 | 8.30 | R/MR | MS | MR/MS | R | S | S |
宁麦17 Ningmai 17 | 92.5 | 420.00 | 41.85 | 45.76 | 7102.50 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 7.10 | 13.30 | 3.20 | MR | MS | MS | R | S | S |
宁麦18 Ningmai 18 | 92.2 | 500.00 | 43.20 | 36.30 | 6768.45 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 4.63 | 12.43 | 2.15 | R/MR | R/MR | MS/S | R | S | S |
宁麦19 Ningmai 19 | 86.9 | 430.00 | 40.00 | 39.70 | 6159.15 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 8.43 | 13.10 | 4.70 | MR/MS | S | MS | R | S | S |
宁麦20 Ningmai 20 | 85.0 | 468.00 | 39.10 | 39.00 | 5782.20 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 1.79 | 14.70 | 8.80 | R | MS | MS | R | S | S |
宁麦21 Ningmai 21 | 86.6 | 450.0 | 38.00—40.00 | 45.00 | 6511.65 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 5.56 | 13.94 | 4.67 | MR | S | MS | S | S | S |
宁麦22 Ningmai 22 | 85.0 | 460.0 | 42.07 | 43.70 | 5940.00 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 7.60 | 12.57 | 6.10 | MR/MS | MS/S | MS/S | R | S | S |
宁麦23 Ningmai 23 | 95.0 | 496.5 | 45.35 | 42.43 | 6013.95 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 9.51 | 13.23 | 3.60 | MR | S | MR/MS | R | S | S |
宁麦24 Ningmai 24 | 80.0 | 532.5 | 40.10 | 39.90 | 6439.95 | 扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 9.36 | 12.59 | 5.00 | MR | MR/MS | S | R | S | S |
宁麦26 Ningmai 26 | 79.0 | 496.4 | 34.61 | 43.21 | 6793.20 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 6.72 | 14.80 | 10.30 | MR | S | MR | R | S | S |
宁麦27 Ningmai 27 | 84.5 | 465.2 | 41.80 | 39.70 | 6342.75 | 扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 6.00 | 11.40 | 3.00 | MR | S | MS | R | S | S |
宁麦28 Ningmai 28 | 85.3 | 481.5 | 39.10 | 41.20 | 6789.75 | 扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 4.32 | 14.00 | 4.30 | MR | S | S | MR | S | S |
表2
宁麦系列品种(系)重要性状相关位点的分布"
性状 Traits | 基因 Gene | 标记 Marker | 来源 Source | 基因型A Genotype A (%) | 表型A Phenotype A | 基因型B Genotype B (%) | 表型B Phenotype B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
春化 Vernalization | Vrn-A1 | AX-86162267 | SNP芯片SNP array | vrn-A1 (100) | 冬性Winter | Vrn-A1 (0) | 春性Spring |
AX-176643931 | SNP芯片SNP array | Vrn-A1b (100) | 冬性Winter | Vrn-A1a (0) | 春性Spring | ||
AX-86170790 | SNP芯片SNP array | Jagger type (16.7) | 春化时间短 Short time of vernalization | 2147 type (83.3) | 春化时间长 Long time of vernalization | ||
AX-86170797 | SNP芯片SNP array | Calire-type (16.2) | 早花Early flower | Hereward-type (81.1) | 晚花Late flower | ||
Vrn-B1 | AX-179476571 | SNP芯片SNP array | vrn-B1/Vrn-B1c (100) | 冬性Winter | Vrn-B1a,b (0) | 春性Spring | |
AX-176643317 | SNP芯片SNP array | Null (100) | 冬性Winter | Vrn-B1b (0) | 春性Spring | ||
Vrn-D1 | AX-89774282 | SNP芯片SNP array | Null (5.4) | 冬性Winter | Vrn-D1a (93.2) | 春性Spring | |
光周期 Photoperiod sensitivity | Ppd-A1 | AX-179399168 | SNP芯片SNP array | Wildtype (100) | 敏感Sensitive | GS-100 type (0) | 迟钝Insensitive |
AX-179399166 | SNP芯片SNP array | Wildtype (100) | 敏感Sensitive | GS-105 type (0) | 迟钝Insensitive | ||
Ppd-B1 | AX-179477452 | SNP芯片SNP array | Non-truncated (100) | 敏感Sensitive | truncated copy (0) | 迟钝Insensitive | |
Ppd-D1 | AX-179399165 | SNP芯片SNP array | Wildtype (0) | 敏感Sensitive | Deletion (100) | 迟钝Insensitive | |
AX-179477451 | SNP芯片SNP array | Insertion (0) | 敏感Sensitive | Wildtype (100) | 迟钝Insensitive | ||
AX-179476570 | SNP芯片SNP array | Wildtype (100) | 敏感Sensitive | Deletion (0) | 迟钝Insensitive | ||
株高 Plant height | Rht-B1 | AX-86170699 | SNP芯片SNP array | Rht-B1a (0) | 野生型Wild type | Rht-B1b (100) | 矮秆Dwarf |
Rht-D1 | AX-86170702 | SNP芯片SNP array | Rht-D1a (100) | 野生型Wild type | Rht-D1b (0) | 矮秆Dwarf | |
千粒重 Thousand grain weight | TaSus2-A1 | AX-176643663 | SNP芯片SNP array | Hap-G (0) | 低千粒重Lower TGW | Hap-A (100) | 高千粒重Higher TGW |
TaCwi | AX-86170752 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaCwi-A1b (100) | 低千粒重Low TGW | TaCwi-A1a (0) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TaGS2-A1 | AX-179477467 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaGS2-A1b (87.3) | 高千粒重High TGW | TaGS2-A1a (12.7) | 低千粒重Low TGW | |
TaSus2-B1 | AX-94980963 | SNP芯片SNP array | Hap-L (23.6) | 低千粒重Low TGW | Hap-H (76.4) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TaGS5 | AX-86167422 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaGS5-A1a (5.4) | 低千粒重Low TGW | TaGS5-A1b (94.6) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TaCKX-D1 | AX-179477458 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaCKX-D1b (0) | 低千粒重Low TGW | TaCKX-D1a (100) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TGW6-4A | AX-176638862 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaTGW6-a (100) | 低千粒重Low TGW | TaTGW6-b (0) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TaGASR | AX-181481120 | SNP芯片SNP array | H1g (0) | 低千粒重Low TGW | H1c (100) | 高千粒重High TGW | |
TaGW7 | AX-110471140 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaTGW-7Aa (95.9) | 高千粒重High TGW | TaTGW-7Ab (4.1) | 低千粒重Low TGW | |
TaSus1 | AX-179477464 | SNP芯片SNP array | Hap-T (100) | 高千粒重Higher TGW | Hap-C (0) | 低千粒重Lower TGW | |
TaGS-D1 | AX-176640664 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaGS-D1a (95.9) | 高千粒重High TGW | TaGS-D1b (4.1) | 低千粒重Low TGW | |
穗粒数 Grain number | TaMoc | AX-176643151 | SNP芯片SNP array | HapH (5.4) | 穗粒数多 High grain number | HapL (94.6) | 穗粒数低 Low grain number |
性状 Traits | 基因 Gene | 标记 Marker | 来源 Source | 基因型A Genotype A (%) | 表型A Phenotype A | 基因型B Genotype B (%) | 表型B Phenotype B |
抗穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting | TaSdr-A1 | AX-176644572 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaSdr-A1a (100) | 低穗发芽抗性Low PHS | TaSdr-A1b (0) | 高抗穗发芽High PHS |
TaSdr-B1 | AX-176639367 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaSdr-B1a (100) | 低穗发芽率Low germination | TaSdr-B1b (0) | 高穗发芽率High germination | |
TaVp-1B | AX-179477457 | SNP芯片SNP array | Vp1Ba,b (100) | 穗发芽 PHS susceptible | Vp1B1c (0) | 轻度抗穗发芽 Slightly PHS resistance | |
AX-179477456 | SNP芯片SNP array | Vp1Bb (0) | 抗穗发芽PHS resistance | Vp1Ba,c (100) | 穗发芽PHS susceptible | ||
TaPHS1 (-222) | AX-176641372 | SNP芯片SNP array | RioBlanceo type (100) | 低穗发芽抗性Low PHS | NW97S186 type (0) | 高抗穗发芽High PHS | |
TaPHS1 (+646) | KASP标记KASP marker | RioBlanceo type (59.5) | 低穗发芽抗性Low PHS | NW97S186 type (40.5) | 高抗穗发芽High PHS | ||
TaPHS1 (+666) | KASP标记KASP marker | RioBlanceo type (59.5) | 低穗发芽抗性Low PHS | NW97S186 type (40.5) | 高抗穗发芽High PHS | ||
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness | Pina-D1 | AX-179477449 | SNP芯片SNP array | Pina-D1a (100) | 软质Soft | Pina-D1b (0) | 硬质Hard |
Pinb-D1 | KASP标记KASP marker | Pinb-D1a (64.9) | 软质Soft | Pinb-D1b (35.1) | 硬质Hard | ||
蛋白质含量 Grain protein content | Gpc-B1 | AX-179477448 | SNP芯片SNP array | Gpc-B1 (100) | 正常籽粒蛋白含量 Normal GPC | Gpc-B1 (0) | 高籽粒蛋白含量 Increased GPC |
高分子量谷蛋白亚基 HMW-GS | Glu-A1 | AX-179477455 | SNP芯片SNP array | 2*, 1 (100) | 强筋Strong gluten | Null (0) | 弱筋Weak gluten |
AX-86170659 | SNP芯片SNP array | 2*, Null (28.4) | 强筋Strong gluten | 1 (71.6) | 弱筋Weak gluten | ||
Glu-B1 | AX-176641422 | SNP芯片SNP array | Bx13 (0) | 强筋Strong gluten | Non Bx13 (100) | 弱筋Weak gluten | |
Glu-D1 | KASP标记KASP marker | 2+12 or other (52.7) | 弱筋Weak gluten | 5+10 (47.3) | 强筋Strong gluten | ||
番茄红素合成酶 Phytoene synthase | Psy-A1 | AX-179477462 | SNP芯片SNP array | Psy-A1b (100) | 低黄色素含量Low YPC | Psy-A1a (0) | 高黄色素含量High YPC |
Psy-B1 | AX-86170621 | SNP芯片SNP array | Psy-B1c (0) | 高黄色素含量High YPC | Psy-B1a or Psy-B1b (100) | 低黄色素含量Low YPC | |
Psy-D1 | AX-95219842 | SNP芯片SNP array | Psy-D1g (0) | 高黄色素含量High YPC | Psy-D1a (100) | 低黄色素含量Low YPC | |
番茄红素脱氢酶 Phytoene desaturase | Pds-B1 | AX-176640790 | SNP芯片SNP array | TaPds-B1b (56.8) | 低黄色素含量Low YPC | TaPds-B1a (43.2) | 高黄色素含量High YPC |
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase | PPO-A1 | AX-86166813 | SNP芯片SNP array | Ppo-A1a (12.3) | 高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO | Ppo-A1b (87.7) | 低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO |
PPO-D1 | AX-176642150 | SNP芯片SNP array | Ppo-D1b (48.6) | 高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO | Ppo-D1a (51.4) | 低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO | |
脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase | Lox-B1 | AX-176640873 | SNP芯片SNP array | Lox-B1b (100) | 低脂氧合酶活性Low LOX | Lox-B1a (0) | 高脂氧合酶活性High LOX |
秆锈病 Stem rust | Sr2 | AX-176639455 | SNP芯片SNP array | Sr2- (100) | 感病Susceptible | Sr2 (Hope) (0) | 抗病Resistant |
Sr36 | AX-176641832 | SNP芯片SNP array | Sr36- (100) | 感病Susceptible | Sr36+ (0) | 抗病Resistant | |
叶锈病 Leaf rust | Lr34 | AX-179477447 | SNP芯片SNP array | Tsn1+ (0) | 不敏感Insensitive | Tsn1- (100) | 敏感Sensitive |
Lr67 | AX-176644084 | SNP芯片SNP array | Lr34- (100) | 感病Susceptible | Lr34+ (0) | 抗病Resistant | |
褐斑病 Tan spot | Tsn1 | AX-181481160 | SNP芯片SNP array | Lr67+ (0) | 抗病Resistant | Lr67- (100) | 感病Susceptible |
赤霉病 Fusarium head blight | Fhb1 | JAASM395 | 电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker | Fhb1+ (48.6) | 抗病Resistant | Fhb1- (51.4) | 感病Susceptible |
白粉病 Powdery mildew | Pm21 | MBH1 | 电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker | Pm21+ (20.3) | 抗病Resistant | Pm21- (79.7) | 感病Susceptible |
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