番茄嫁接和施氮对氮肥去向和氮平衡的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 755-764.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.010

番茄嫁接和施氮对氮肥去向和氮平衡的影响

孙昭安¹(), 张译文², 江丽华³, 李昭君¹, 郭鑫¹, 曹慧¹(), 孟凡乔⁴()

¹ 潍坊学院现代农学院/山东省高校园艺作物精准栽培与种质创新特色实验室，山东潍坊 261061
² 山东省招远市农业农村局农业技术推广中心，山东招远 265499
³ 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，济南 250100
⁴ 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193

收稿日期:2023-08-02 接受日期:2023-12-01 出版日期:2024-02-16 发布日期:2024-02-20
通信作者:
曹慧，E-mail：hui5232@163.com。
孟凡乔，E-mail：mengfq@cau.edu.cn。
联系方式: 孙昭安，E-mail：zhaoansun@wfu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32072518); 山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY010721); 潍坊市科技发展计划(2019GX016)

Effects of Tomato Grafting and Nitrogen Fertilization on Fertilizer Nitrogen Fate and Nitrogen Balance

SUN ZhaoAn¹(), ZHANG YiWen², JIANG LiHua³, LI ZhaoJun¹, GUO Xin¹, CAO Hui¹(), MENG FanQiao⁴()

¹ University Characteristic Laboratory of Precision Cultivation and Germplasm Innovation of Horticultural Crops in Shandong/School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong
² Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhaoyuan Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Zhaoyuan 265499, Shandong
³ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
⁴ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

Received:2023-08-02 Accepted:2023-12-01 Published:2024-02-16 Online:2024-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】定量番茄植株地上部带走的土壤氮量以及土壤残留的肥料氮量，评估嫁接和施氮对氮肥去向、土壤氮平衡以及土壤净残留肥料氮的影响。【方法】通过¹⁵N尿素示踪结合盆栽试验，试验番茄品种‘齐达利’和‘017’，包括嫁接和不嫁接以及施氮和不施氮处理。借助¹⁵N标记技术区分植株和土壤中源于肥料氮和土壤氮的贡献，进而追踪肥料氮去向;计算土壤氮吸收的加氮交互效应（即施氮与不施氮植株对土壤氮吸收的差值），最终评估土壤氮的平衡。【结果】番茄植株干重和氮吸收量对施氮的响应取决于接穗品种和嫁接处理。肥料氮对整个植株氮吸收贡献率为35.9%-38.8%，对地上部氮吸收的贡献（35.9%-39.9%）高于根系（31.6%-36.2%）。土壤氮吸收的加氮交互效应在大多数情况下呈现正值，嫁接对加氮交互效应无显著影响。各处理肥料氮分配到植株地上部、土壤和损失的平均比值为4.0﹕2.6﹕3.4，作物-土壤系统对氮肥的总回收率（地上部吸收+土壤残留）为70%。在施氮量250 kg·hm^-2水平，各处理的土壤残留肥料氮无法弥补植株地上部带走的土壤本身氮，从长期来看，这可能导致土壤本身氮肥力的消耗。【结论】如果选择增加氮肥投入来弥补土壤本身氮的消耗，可能导致氮肥损失的风险。本研究中，与番茄‘齐达利’自根苗、‘017’自根苗和嫁接苗相比，‘齐达利’接穗与南瓜砧木组合增加了根际土壤对肥料氮的固持，降低了肥料氮的损失。因此，合适砧穗组合可能是保持番茄土壤氮肥力的有效园艺措施。

关键词: 番茄, 氮肥利用率, 加氮交互效应, 化肥氮去向, ¹⁵N标记

Abstract:

【Objective】 By quantifying the amounts of soil-derived nitrogen (N) uptake by tomato aboveground and residual fertilizer N in soil, this study evaluated the impacts of tomato grafting and N fertilization on the fertilizer N fate, net residual fertilizer N, and N balance in soil-tomato production.【Method】A pot experiment with ¹⁵N-labeled urea and the experiment were conducted. Tomato varieties were Qidali and 017, included grafting (grafting and self-rooted), and fertilization (control and N-fertilization) treatments. The ¹⁵N tracer was used to distinguish the contribution of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in plants and soils, the fertilizer N fate and the added-N interaction (ANI, i.e. the difference of soil-derived N uptake between N-fertilized and -unfertilized treatments), and the N balance in soil-tomato production was also evaluated.【Result】The contribution of fertilizer N to whole plant N uptake was 35.9%-38.8%, and the contribution to aboveground plant N uptake (35.9%-39.9%) was higher than that in root N uptake (31.6%-36.2%). The ANI exhibited positive values in most treatments, and there was no significant impacts from grafting. Under all the treatments, the average fertilizer N allocated to aboveground, soil and loss was 4.0﹕2.6﹕3.4, and the total recovery of fertilizer N (aboveground N uptake + soil residue) was about 70%. At the fertilizer N level of 250 kg·hm^-2, the residual fertilizer N in the soil could not compensate for the soil-derived N allocation to tomato aboveground, and this might cause the depletion of soil N stock in the long run. 【Conclusion】The risk of fertilizer N loss was high if large rate of N fertilization was chosen compensate the consumption of soil native N. Compared with tomato 017 scion and self-rooted treatment, the combination of tomato Qidali scion and pumpkin rootstock increased the fertilizer N stay in soil and reduced the fertilizer N loss. Appropriate tomato scion and rootstock could be an feasible and effective measure to maintain the soil N fertility in tomato production.

Key words: tomato, fertilizer nitrogen recovery, added-N interaction, fertilizer nitrogen fate, ¹⁵N labeling

孙昭安, 张译文, 江丽华, 李昭君, 郭鑫, 曹慧, 孟凡乔. 番茄嫁接和施氮对氮肥去向和氮平衡的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(4): 755-764.

SUN ZhaoAn, ZHANG YiWen, JIANG LiHua, LI ZhaoJun, GUO Xin, CAO Hui, MENG FanQiao. Effects of Tomato Grafting and Nitrogen Fertilization on Fertilizer Nitrogen Fate and Nitrogen Balance[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(4): 755-764.

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因子 Factor	生物量 Biomass			氮吸收量 N uptake
因子 Factor	根系 Root	地上部Aboveground	整个植株 Total plant	根系 Root	地上部Aboveground	整个植株 Total plant
施氮Fertilization (A)	0.026	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
品种Varieties (B)	0.039	0.001	0.001	0.019	0.148	0.070
嫁接Grafting (C)	0.066	0.111	0.045	0.110	0.877	0.346
A×B	0.556	0.605	0.511	0.556	0.376	0.634
A×C	0.395	0.358	0.277	0.813	0.880	0.634
B×C	0.012	0.068	0.686	0.004	0.451	0.634
A×B×C	0.312	0.958	0.704	0.218	0.433	0.346

因子 Factor	肥料氮的贡献 Fertilizer N contribution			肥料氮的去向 Fertilizer N fate				土壤氮平衡 Soil N balance
因子 Factor	根系 Root	地上部 Aboveground	整个植株 Total plant	地上部 Aboveground	土壤+根系 Soil+Root	植株+土壤 Plant+Soil	损失 Loss	土壤氮平衡 Soil N balance
品种 Varieties (A)	0.148	0.414	0.494	0.732	0.024	0.295	0.295	0.569
嫁接Grafting (B)	0.203	0.740	0.604	0.957	0.296	0.718	0.718	0.731
A×B	0.757	0.206	0.416	0.709	0.082	0.381	0.381	0.430

番茄嫁接和施氮对氮肥去向和氮平衡的影响

Effects of Tomato Grafting and Nitrogen Fertilization on Fertilizer Nitrogen Fate and Nitrogen Balance

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