甘蓝型油菜发育进程中赤霉素动态变化及其与产量的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】中国甘蓝型油菜品系与欧洲甘蓝型油菜品系存在较大的遗传差异，二者组配的杂种F₁产量优势明显。测定不同来源的甘蓝型油菜发育进程中GA的动态变化，研究GA含量与亲本及杂种F₁产量的关系，分析亲本及杂种后代GA合成途径关键酶基因的转录水平，为探明GA对甘蓝型油菜生长发育的影响及其在产量形成过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】2020年11月至2021年5月，利用高效液相色谱法测定15个不同来源的中国甘蓝型油菜品系及15个欧洲甘蓝型油菜品系GA含量的动态变化；2021年11月至2022年5月，以杂种F₁产量优势较强的YG2009×YC4、ZS11×YC4及其亲本YG2009、ZS11、YC4为材料，考察3个不同时期（D1：2022年1月15日；D2：2022年2月15日；D3：2022年3月15日）亲本及杂种F₁的GA含量变化、生长指标（株高、根长和鲜重等）、产量及构成因子（单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重）和光合指标（光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间CO₂浓度），分析GA含量随温度变化的趋势，GA含量与亲本及杂种F₁的农艺性状、光合特性和产量的关系，并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术，分析亲本及杂种F₁不同时期（D1、D2和D3）GA合成途径关键酶基因的转录水平变化。【结果】GA总量与环境温度密切相关，供试甘蓝型油菜GA含量随温度的变化均呈先降低后升高的趋势，但来源于欧洲的甘蓝型油菜品系平均GA含量高于中国品系。F₁产量表现为明显的优势，YG2009×YC4产量比其父、母本分别提高18.06%和10.35%；ZS11×YC4产量比其父、母本分别提高29.92%和28.6%。亲本和杂种F₁的部分农艺性状差异显著，产量与GA含量存在相关性。亲本及杂种F₁中GA20ox4、GA3ox2及SLR1转录水平的变化较大。【结论】来源于欧洲的甘蓝型油菜品系GA总量高于中国油菜品系，而且对温度变化更加敏感；欧洲油菜和中国油菜品系杂交能产生产量杂种优势，其杂种优势与GA含量存在一定相关性；在发育过程中，欧洲油菜和中国油菜品系及其F₁中GA20ox4、GA3ox2的变化与GA含量密切相关。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 杂种优势, 赤霉素, 产量, 转录水平

Abstract:

【Objective】It was found that there were significant genetic differences between Chinese and European Brassica napus lines, and the yield advantage of hybrid F₁ was obvious. To explore the effect of gibberellin (GA) on the growth and development of B. napus, the dynamic changes of GA during the developmental process of B. napus from different lines were measured. For explaining the role of GA in the formation of yield, the transcriptional levels of key enzyme genes involved in GA synthesis were analyzed, and the relationship between GA content and yield in parents and F₁was clarified. 【Method】The dynamic changes of GA content in B. napus lines (15 Chinese lines and 15 European lines) with different sources from November 2020 to May 2021were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Two F₁hybrid lines (YG2009×YC4, ZS11×YC4) with strong heterosis and their parents were used as materials to investigate the changes of GA content in different periods (D1, 15 January 2022; D2, 15 February 2022; D3, 15 March 2022)and measure growth indicators (plant height, root length, fresh weight, etc.), yield and component factors (silique number per plant, seed number per silique and thousand-seed weight), as well as photosynthetic indicators (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration).The change trend of GA content with temperature and the relationship between GA content and agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of parents and F₁hybrid from November 2021 to May 2022 were analyzed. Besides, the transcriptional levels of key enzyme genes involved in GA synthesis of the parents and F₁ at different stages (D1, D2, D3) also examined by quantitative real-time PCR. 【Result】The content of GA was closely related to the ambient temperature, and the GA content in the tested B. napus lines decreased first and then increased with the change of temperature. However, it was found that the average content of GA in B. napus lines from Europe was higher than that of Chinese lines. F₁ showed significant yield heterosis. Compared with the male and female parents, the yield of YG2009×YC4 and ZS11×YC4 increased by 18.06% and 10.35%, and 29.92% and 28.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in agronomic traits between parents and F₁, and the yield was correlated with GA content. The results also showed that the transcriptional levels of GA20ox4, GA3ox2 and SLR1 in parents and hybrid F₁varied greatly. 【Conclusion】The GA content of B. napus lines from Europe was more sensitive to temperature changes, but its average content of GA was higher than that from China. The yield of F₁between European rape and Chinese rape lines showed strong heterosis, which was correlated with GA content. The transcriptional levels of GA20ox4 and GA3ox2 regulated the GA content.

Key words: Brassica napus L., heterosis, gibberellins, yield, transcription level

谢伶俐,韦丁一,章子爽,徐劲松,张学昆,许本波. 甘蓝型油菜发育进程中赤霉素动态变化及其与产量的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(24): 4793-4807.

XIE LingLi,WEI DingYi,ZHANG ZiShuang,XU JinSong,ZHANG XueKun,XU BenBo. Dynamic Changes of Gibberellin Content During the Development and Its Relationship with Yield of Brassica napus L.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4793-4807.

图/表 11

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

亲本及杂种F1农艺性状分析"

日期 Date	材料 Material	株高 Plant height (cm)		叶片数 Leaf number		叶长 Leaf length (cm)		叶宽 Leaf width (cm)		根长 Root length (cm)		鲜重 Fresh weight (g)		干重 Dry weight (g)
D1	YG2009	52.0±1.5b		10.3±0.3b		18.7±1.1ab		15.1±0.5a		15.1±0.9a		202.6±5.3b		20.2±0.3b
	ZS11	57.2±0.6a		11.7±0.3a		16.5±0.8b		13.7±1.3ab		14.4±0.7a		196.5±21.3b		18.6±2.3b
	YC4	40.5±1.5c		10.7±0.7ab		13.9±0.7c		12.6±0.6b		17.0±1.2a		147.7±6.4c		19.5±0.5b
	YG2009×YC4	57.5±0.6a		11.7±0.3a		20.2±0.5a		15.5±0.2a		18.6±1.6a		264.3±8.6a		31.1±0.4a
	ZS11×YC4	59.4±0.3a		10.0±0.0b		21.0±0.3a		15.9±0.2a		17.3±2.1a		192.8±11.8b		18.4±1.2b
D2	YG2009	57.5±1.3b		10.0±0.6bc		20.2±0.7b		16.7±0.4b		18.0±0.6b		254.1±3.0b		30.0±0.6b
	ZS11	69.5±0.9a		12.0±0.6a		22.2±1.3ab		14.3±0.4c		18.1±0.3b		415.9±8.5a		53.0±2.6a
	YC4	45.3±1.5c		9.0±0.6c		16.6±1.0c		13.93±1.0c		20.0±0.6a		112.3±6.2d		18.4±0.4c
	YG2009×YC4	60.3±1.5b		12.0±0.6a		24.3±0.7a		19.7±0.7a		20.2±0.4a		254.9±3.2b		32.3±0.4b
	ZS11×YC4	69.3±0.9a		11.0±0.6ab		21.2±0.6b		16.5±0.3b		19.2±0.4ab		233.9±4.1c		28.8±0.6b
D3	YG2009	83.3±3.8b		17.0±0.6c		21.0±0.6d		19.2±0.4b		19.0±0.6d		390.9±5.0d		66.8±2.3d
	ZS11	111.3±1.9a		28.7±0.9a		24.0±0.6c		19.5±0.3ab		21.3±0.3cd		1234.9±4.0a		159.6±2.4a
	YC4	47.3±1.8c		14.3±0.3d		17.0±0.6e		15.0±0.6c		22.7±0.9bc		163.6±4.5e		24.4±2.8e
	YG2009×YC4	89.0±0.6b		17.3±0.9c		26.7±0.9b		21.5±1.0a		26.0±0.6a		536.8±2.7c		121.3±1.9c
	ZS11×YC4	118.0±1.15a		21.7±0.3b		30.0±0.6a		21.0±0.6ab		24.3±1.2ab		881.9±5.8b		142.4±3.3b
方差分析Variance analysis
D1		♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂	♀	♂
	YG2009×YC4	**	**	*	NS	NS	**	NS	*	NS	NS	**	**	**	**
	ZS11×YC4	NS	**	↓*	NS	**	**	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	*	NS	NS
D2	YG2009×YC4	NS	**	*	**	**	**	**	**	*	NS	NS	**	NS	**
D2	ZS11×YC4	NS	**	NS	*	NS	**	*	*	NS	NS	↓**	**	↓**	**
D3	YG2009×YC4	NS	**	NS	**	**	**	*	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
D3	ZS11×YC4	NS	**	↓**	**	**	**	NS	**	*	NS	↓**	**	↓**	**

表3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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基因名称 Gene names	正向引物 Forward primer (5′-3′)	反向引物 Reverse primer (5′-3′)
BnCPS	TCATCCTCGCTTTGTTCGTCTC	GCTCCATCTCATTCTCCATTCTC
BnKS1	AAGACAATGGCAGCGAAGAGG	CACTCCCTTGGAACCACACTCC
BnKO	CGTCTCTTATGGCAGGGATTGC	ATCAACATTCTCTTCCTCACCGTC
BnKAO	GGAAGGATACATACCAAAGGCA	TCCTTTGGTCTTGTGTGAGGCA
BnGA20ox1	ACGGCAACACACCAAGGAGATA	TGAGCCAATCTGTGAAAGCCTG
BnGA20ox4	CACTGCGATCCAACATCTCTAACC	CACTAAGGCTCGATGCAAGCAACT
BnGA3ox2	CACCTGTCCCTGGCTCACTA	GGGTAAAGAGGAGAATGGAGAAG
BnGA2ox6	CTGAGAGGCGTTAGCCAAATAGG	CGAGGCTTCCCTGCCGTGTTAG
BnGID1	GAGTCTTGTCGTTGTGGCGG	TTAGGCAACAAGTAGAACCCAATG
BnGID2	AACGGTGACGCGAGTAACAAGAAG	AGCGAGTGGAGTTGTTTGAAGCCG
BnSLR1	GAAAGAATGTGAGAAGAGGTGCC	TTCCGCATATCGTCAAGCCGT
BnD1	CCATCAGCGAGTACGACCAAAC	TGATCCAAAGCCGTCGTCCTGTAGA
BnACT	CTGGAATTGCTGACCGTATGAG	ATCTGTTGGAAAGTGCTGAGGG

材料 Material	单株角果数 Effective pods per plant	每角粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	实际产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
YG2009	268.75±16.39a	19.50±0.65c	3.79±0.01d	19.85±0.22c	2967.30±5.77c
ZS11	174.75±2.39b	20.25±0.48bc	4.66±0.02a	16.85±0.08d	2785.80±8.66d
YC4	164.75±5.54b	20.50±0.29abc	4.52±0.02b	15.30±0.11e	2757.60±2.89e
YG2009×YC4	255.50±11.70a	21.25±0.25ab	4.28±0.01c	22.20±0.19b	3255.60±3.26b
ZS11×YC4	273.25±11.45a	21.50±0.65a	4.32±0.01c	25.35±0.14a	3582.60±6.06a