中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (24): 4720-4728.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.012

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    

不同湿度对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

孙永波(),王亚,萨仁娜(),张宏福   

  1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-16 接受日期:2018-10-23 出版日期:2018-12-16 发布日期:2018-12-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500509、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金CARS-41、中国农业科学院科技创新工程ASTIP-IAS07)

Effects of Different Relative Humidities on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broilers

SUN YongBo(),WANG Ya,SA RenNa(),ZHANG HongFu   

  1. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2018-05-16 Accepted:2018-10-23 Online:2018-12-16 Published:2018-12-16

摘要:

目的 通过模拟高、中、低三种湿度旨在研究舍内不同湿度对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力以及免疫功能的影响,为舍内湿度环境的合理调控提供数据支持,促进肉鸡健康养殖的发展。 方法 采用单因素完全随机设计,选用1日龄健康、体重相近的AA肉公雏270只,随机分成3组:正常湿度组(对照组,60% RH)、低湿组(30% RH)和高湿组(90% RH),每组设6个重复,每个重复15只。试验于2016年2—4月在动物营养学国家重点实验室昌平基地的人工气候舱内进行,舱内配置湿度传感器,24h连续监测舱内湿度,并根据实时监测值进行湿度调节。试验期为42d,1—21日龄为试验前期,22—42日龄为试验后期。肉鸡采用平养笼饲养,自由采食和饮水,24h光照。按照AA肉鸡饲养手册进行日常管理,按照常规程序进行免疫接种。分别在肉鸡21、42日龄时,以重复为单位测定生产性能,同时从每个重复中选取体重相近的 2只肉鸡进行翅静脉采血,然后屠宰,测定血清抗氧化指标和细胞因子含量以及肉鸡的脏器指数。 结果 (1)生长性能:与正常湿度的对照组相比,低湿处理显著降低21日龄和42日龄肉鸡体重(P<0.05),以及平均日增重(P<0.05),而高湿处理组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)抗氧化能力:在肉鸡21日龄和42日龄,低湿组肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于正常湿度对照组(P<0.05)。在肉鸡42日龄时,低湿组肉鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);高湿组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)免疫功能:与对照组相比,高湿处理显著升高21日龄肉鸡血清促炎细胞因子IFN-γ和TNF-α含量(P<0.05),而湿度对42日龄肉鸡血清细胞因子含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(4)脏器指数:高湿组42日龄肉鸡肺脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,低湿组42日龄肝脏指数显著大于高湿组(P<0.05)。 结论 长期低湿和高湿环境能够降低肉鸡的生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能,不利于肉鸡的健康生长。在肉鸡养殖过程中通过加湿或除湿及时调节舍内湿度环境,促进肉鸡健康生长。

关键词: 湿度, 抗氧化能力, 细胞因子, 生产性能, 肉鸡

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of relative humidity on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of broiler chickens by simulates high, medium and low humidity, and to provide data support for the reasonable regulation of humidity in poultry house, and promote the development of healthy cultivation of broiler chickens. 【Method】 The trial adopted single factor completely random design. A total of 270 healthy AA broilers with similar initial body weight of 1 day old were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal humidity group (control group, 60% RH), low-humidity group (30% RH) and high-humidity group (90% RH), with 6 replications per group and 15 chickens in each replicate. The experiment was conducted in the artificial climate chamber of Changping Base, the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition from February to April in 2006. The cabin was equipped with humidity sensors to continuously monitor the humidity in the cabin for 24 hours, and the humidity was adjusted according to the real-time monitoring values. And the test period was 42d, the starter phase was 1-21 d, and the later phase was 22-42 d. Broilers were reared in flat cages and provided ad libitum access to feed and water, and a 24 h lighting programme was applied during the experiment. They were routinely managed according to the AA broiler feeding manual and immunized according to routine procedures. The growth performance of broiler chickens were measured per pen and blood samples (2 randomly selected from each replicate) were obtained from wing vein of broilers and then slaughtered at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively. The antioxidant capacity, cytokines contents and viscera index of broilers were determined.【Result】 The results showed that: 1) Growth performance: compared to the control group with normal humidity, low-humidity treatment significantly reduced the body weight of 21 and 42 days of age broilers, and significantly reduced average daily gain of broilers (P<0.05). 2) Antioxidant ability: the serum SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity of broilers in low-humidity group were significantly lower than those in control group at 21 and 42 days of age (P<0.05). At 42 days of age, the content of malondialdehyde in low-humidity group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05); total antioxidant capacity in high-humidity group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). 3) Immune function: compared with control group, high-humidity treatment significantly increased the content of inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum of 21 day old broilers (P<0.05), while the contents of serum cytokines in 42-day-old broilers were not significantly affected by humidity (P>0.05). 4) Visceral index: the lung index of 42-day-old broilers in the high-humidity group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the 42-day-old liver index in the low-humidity group was significantly higher than that in the high-humidity group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 It could be seen that long-term low humidity and high humidity environment reduced the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers, which was not conducive to the healthy growth of broilers. In the process of broiler breeding, humidification or dehumidification could be used to regulate the humidity in the house in time to promote the healthy growth of broilers.

Key words: humidity, antioxidant capacity, cytokine, production performance, broiler