新疆褐牛与安格斯牛胴体及肉质性状及脂代谢相关基因表达差异比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明新疆褐牛与国外优良品种安格斯牛产肉性能及肉品质差异、体脂代谢相关基因及其产物表达的品种间的差异性。【方法】选择相同饲养管理条件下24月龄新疆褐牛和安格斯牛进行屠宰试验,测定其胴体性状和肉品质性状;采集背最长肌和皮下脂肪,采用石蜡切片技术观测脂肪组织和肌肉组织形态学差异;利用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthesase,FAS）、脂肪酸结合蛋白4（fatty acid-binding protein 4,FABP4）、激素敏感酯酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）、脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase,LPL）和瘦素（Leptin,LEP）基因mRNA表达量;采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）测定FAS、HSL、LPL蛋白表达水平。【结果】1）新疆褐牛净肉率极显著高于安格斯牛（P＜0.01）,而背膘厚度显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）。其余所测定的胴体性状相关指标均无品种间差异（P＞0.05）。2）新疆褐牛肉色L*显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛平均肌纤维直径和横截面积均显著大于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛皮下脂肪组织单位面积脂肪细胞个数极显著多于安格斯（P＜0.01）,其余所测定的肉品质性状相关指标均无品种间差异（P＞0.05）。3）新疆褐牛与安格斯牛背最长肌和皮下脂肪FAS、FABP4、HSL、LPL、LEP等5个基因mRNA表达量均差异不显著（P＞0.05）;新疆褐牛背最长肌组织中FAS蛋白表达量极显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.01）;HSL蛋白表达量显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛皮下脂肪组织中HSL蛋白表达量显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）。【结论】研究发现新疆褐牛产肉性能较好;但安格斯牛肉色较亮,且嫩度较好,体肪沉积能力较强。两品种间脂代谢相关基因产物FAS和HSL蛋白差异可能与安格斯肉牛背膘厚度差异有关。

关键词: 新疆褐牛, 安格斯牛, 屠宰性状, 肉品质, 脂代谢相关基因

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of carcass, meat quality traits, the expression of their lipid metabolism related genes and the products between Xinjiang brown cattle (XBC) and Angus beef cattle (ABC). 【Method】 Twenty-four-month-old XBC and ABC raised under the same condition were used to do the slaughter experiment with the measurement of carcass traits. Longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous fat tissue samples were collected to evaluate the meat quality traits. The expression of the gene’s mRNA of leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL), lipoprteinlipase (LPL) and their products were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot techniques. 【Result】 1. The net meat rate of XBC was significantly higher than that of ABC (P＜0.01), while the backfat thickness was significantly lower than that of ABC (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in other carcass traits (P＞0.05). 2. XBC beef color L* was significantly lower than ABC (P＜0.05); the average muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of XBC were significantly higher than that of ABC (P＜0.05); the number of fat cells per unit area of XBC was extremely higher than that of ABC (P＜0.01), and there was no significant difference in other meat quality traits (P＞0.05). 3. No significant differences in the expression levels of FAS, FABP4, HSL, LPL and LEP in longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous fat were found between XBC and ABC (P＞0.05). However, the protein expression of FAS in longissimus dorsi of XBC was extremely lower than that of ABC (P＜0.01), HSL protein was significantly lower than that of ABC (P＜0.05). And the protein expression of HSL in subcutaneous fat in XBC was significantly lower than that of ABC (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that the meat producibility of XBC was better than that of ABC, but ABC had brighter meat color and finer meat fiber with stronger fat depositing potential. The differences in the expression of lipid metabolism-related gene products FAS and HSL between the two breeds might have association with backfat thickness.

Key words: Xinjiang brown cattle, Angus beef cattle, slaughter traits, meat quality, lipid metabolism related genes

陈俐静,陈卓,李娜,孙亚伟,李红波,宋雯雯,张杨,姚刚. 新疆褐牛与安格斯牛胴体及肉质性状及脂代谢相关基因表达差异比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(22): 4700-4709.

CHEN LiJing,CHEN Zhuo,LI Na,SUN YaWei,LI HongBo,SONG WenWen,ZHANG Yang,YAO Gang. Comparison of the Carcass and Beef Quality Traits with the Expression of the Lipid Metabolism Related Genes Between Xinjiang Brown Cattle and Angus Beef Cattle[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4700-4709.

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基因名称 Gene name	序列5′-3′ Sequence	产物大小 Product size(bp)
LEP	F: CTTCAGTGGATGGTCCCTCG	148
LEP	R: AATGGCAGGTTGGTGGGAAA	148
FAS	F: TGAGACAGACCCGAAGTCCT	127
FAS	R: CTCCTCGGGCTTGTCTTGTT	127
FABF4	F: AGATGGTGCTGGAATGTGTCA	103
FABF4	R: GGAGTTCGATGCAAACGTCA	103
HSL	F: AGAGTGCTTCTATGCCTACTGC	117
HSL	R: GACACGGTGAAGCAGAGGTTC	117
LPL	F: CCCGGCTTTGATATTGGGAAG	142
LPL	R: TCAGGGACTTGTCATGGCATT	142
Beta-actin	F: CATGTACGTTGCTATCCAGGC	250
Beta-actin	R: CTCCTTAATGTCACGCACGAT	250

试剂 Reagent	剂量 Dose
Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix（2×）	5 μL
cDNA	0.5 μL
正向引物Forward primer	0.25 μL
反向引物Reverse primer	0.25 μL
无酶水RNase free dH₂O	4 μL
总容积Total volume	10 μL

性状 Traits	单位 Unit	XBC	ABC	P值 P value
活体重Body weight	kg	704.0±29.90	798.0±33.60	0.077
胴体重Carcass weight	kg	423.0±15.60	459.0±28.60	0.306
净肉重Net meat weight	kg	320.0±11.40	300.0±23.90	0.464
骨重Bone weight	kg	69.7±3.96	75.6±2.73	0.251
屠宰率Slaughter rate	%	60.3±2.28	59.4±0.41	0.735
净肉率Net meat rate	%	45.6±1.50A	39.9±0.60B	0.010
肉骨比Meat bone ratio	%	4.6±0.18	4.0±0.31	0.097
肌间脂肪Intermuscular fat	%	6.98±1.36	8.8±0.84	0.278
背膘厚度Backfat thickness	cm	1.0±0.10a	1.7±0.22b	0.021
眼肌面积Loin eye muscle area	cm²	92.7±3.09	98.1±3.35	0.261

性状 Traits	单位 Unit	XBC	ABC	P 值 P value
肉色L值 Meat Color-L	-	28.69±2.06a	31.43±2.15b	0.032
肉色a值 Meat Color-a	-	11.99±5.87	15.91±3.29	0.149
肉色b值 Meat Color-b	-	3.64±1.86	4.60±1.37	0.296
灰分Ash	%	1.56±0.78	1.05±0.27	0.131
水分Muscle moisture	%	74.20±2.61	73.2±2.69	0.505
肌内脂肪Intramuscular fat	%	1.80±0.37	1.81±0.17	0.993
嫩度Tenderness	N	5.65±1.52	5.78±1.91	0.922

	单位 Unit	XBC	ABC	P值 P value
肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter	μm	41.52±0.42a	32.86±0.24b	0.024
肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density	Number/mm2	236.95±45.34	291.21±24.66	0.260
单根肌纤维横截面积 Single muscle fiber cross-sectional area	μm2	1495.02±31.92a	921.81±14.14b	0.033