中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1411-1422.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.012
收稿日期:
2021-07-01
接受日期:
2021-10-09
出版日期:
2022-04-01
发布日期:
2022-04-18
通讯作者:
姚玉新
作者简介:
吕馨宁,E-mail: 基金资助:
LÜ XinNing(),WANG Yue,JIA RunPu,WANG ShengNan,YAO YuXin(
)
Received:
2021-07-01
Accepted:
2021-10-09
Online:
2022-04-01
Published:
2022-04-18
Contact:
YuXin YAO
摘要:
【目的】冷藏是提高葡萄耐储性、延长货架期的有效方法,但低温会降低糖酸和香气含量等果实品质。本研究旨在测定不同温度条件下褪黑素处理对‘阳光玫瑰'葡萄储藏期品质的影响,并探讨其调控储藏品质的代谢基础。【方法】设置室温和1℃两个储藏温度,葡萄采后利用5和50 μmol∙L-1褪黑素浸果,于不同储藏期取样测定果实品质指标。利用HPLC-MS测定褪黑素含量,利用GC-MS测定香气组分及含量,利用毛细管电泳测定可溶性糖和有机酸含量,利用质构仪测定果实质地,利用广靶代谢组学分析褪黑素处理导致的差异代谢物。【结果】外源褪黑素处理能显著提高葡萄果实褪黑素含量;50 µmol∙L -1处理效果显著高于5 µmol∙L -1,并且低温能大幅提高褪黑素处理效果,低温、50 mol∙L-1褪黑素处理的果实中褪黑素含量为室温同浓度处理的2.6倍。低温下,果实失水率降低;在室温和低温储藏下,褪黑素对果实失水率、果皮硬度和果肉硬度未产生显著影响。室温条件下,5 µmol∙L -1褪黑素处理显著提高了葡萄糖和果糖含量,而50 µmol∙L -1褪黑素产生了相反的结果。与室温储藏相比,低温储藏显著降低了果实糖含量;低温条件下,与对照相比,5 µmol∙L -1和50 µmol∙L -1褪黑素处理均显著提高了可溶性糖含量,储藏40 d时增幅在19.2%以上。与室温相比,低温提高了可滴定酸尤其是苹果酸含量。低温条件下,两种浓度褪黑素处理较对照显著降低了可滴定酸尤其是苹果酸含量,苹果酸含量降幅超过53.5%,对酒石酸含量影响较小。与室温储藏相比,低温储藏大幅度降低了未经褪黑素处理的果实香气含量。但是,褪黑素处理能有效增加低温条件下果实香气总量及香气组分含量,且以5 µmol∙L -1褪黑素处理效果较好,在处理后30和40 d,较低温对照香气总量增幅分别达2.12和1.6倍;同时显著增加了反式-2-己烯醛、里那醇、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚等特征香气含量。低温下对照和5 µmol∙L -1褪黑素处理的果实代谢组学分析表明,232种代谢物含量存在差异,涉及的主要代谢途径包括氨基酸生化合成、氨酰基-tRNA生化合成、精氨酸生化合成、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢及苯丙胺代谢。【结论】与室温储藏相比,低温冷藏降低了部分糖和绝大多数香气物质的含量。褪黑素处理能够显著提高冷藏果实的可溶性糖含量,降低有机酸水平,大幅提高香气水平,能有效提高果实品质,其中5 µmol∙L -1褪黑素处理效果更明显。褪黑素主要通过影响氨基酸代谢提高香气含量。
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