种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4084-4096.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响

程彬^1,²(),刘卫国¹(),王莉¹,许梅¹,覃思思¹,卢俊吉¹,高阳¹,李淑贤¹,AliRAZA¹,张熠¹,IrshanAHMAD¹,敬树忠²,刘然金²,杨文钰¹

¹四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都 611130
²成都大美种业有限责任公司,成都 610066

收稿日期:2020-11-23 接受日期:2021-04-28 出版日期:2021-10-01 发布日期:2021-10-12
通讯作者: 刘卫国
作者简介:程彬,E-mail： 2459894545@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000905);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2020-20);高原藏区油料产业扶贫开发示范基地建设/示范基地项目(2021ZHFP0010)

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System

CHENG Bin^1,²(),LIU WeiGuo¹(),WANG Li¹,XU Mei¹,QIN SiSi¹,LU JunJi¹,GAO Yang¹,LI ShuXian¹,Ali RAZA¹,ZHANG Yi¹,Irshan AHMAD¹,JING ShuZhong²,LIU RanJin²,YANG WenYu¹

¹College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130
²Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066

Received:2020-11-23 Accepted:2021-04-28 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-10-12
Contact: WeiGuo LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆植株冠层在不同种植密度下的光环境变化规律,明确种植密度对间作大豆叶片光合特性、产量形成及茎秆抗倒的影响,为构建寡日照地区间作大豆合理群体密度提供理论参考。【方法】本研究以大豆（川豆-16）和玉米（正红-505）为试验材料。采用双因素随机区组设计,主因素为种植方式,设玉米-大豆带状间作和大豆带状单作2个水平,副因素为大豆的3个种植密度（PD1=17株/m²,PD2=20株/m²,PD3=25株/m²),研究种植密度对间作大豆冠层内部光环境变化、叶片光合特性、植株生长动态、田间倒伏率及产量构成等的影响。【结果】2年结果表明,在玉米-大豆带状间作系统中,大豆生长中后期受高位作物玉米遮荫和自荫性增加的影响,其植株群体冠层内部的光合有效辐射（PAR）、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片光合能力、分枝数及产量显著降低,但受玉米影响的程度因大豆种植密度的不同而不同。在间作模式下,PD1和PD2处理的大豆植株群体冠层光合有效辐射比PD3处理分别增加了45.4%和24.8%,净光合速率分别增加了46.1%和12.3%,单株有效荚数分别增加了53.2%和27.2%,单株分枝数分别增加了270.4%和140.9%,田间倒伏率分别降低了50.3%和19.3%。相关性分析发现,间作大豆的田间倒伏率与冠层内部光合有效辐射、叶片净光合速率、茎秆抗折力、茎叶干物质比、单株分枝数及单株有效荚数呈显著负相关,与株高、叶面积指数和单株无效荚数呈显著正相关。【结论】在玉米-大豆带状间作模式下,20株/m²的大豆密度（PD2）有利于创造良好的群体冠层内部光环境,降低植株田间大豆倒伏率,增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量。

关键词: 叶面积指数, 光合有效辐射, 玉米-大豆带状间作, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to reveal the light environment change law of soybean canopy under different planting densities in maize-soybean strip intercropping, and to clarify the effects of density on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield and stem lodging resistance of soybean, so as to provide the theoretical reference for the construction of reasonable population density of intercropped soybean in low radiation area. 【Method】In this study, soybean genotype of Chuandou-16 and maize genotype of Zhenghong-505 were used as experimental materials. The two-factor random expulsion design was adopted, among which maize-soybean strip intercropping and monocropping were the main factors, and three planting densities of soybean (PD1 = 17 plants/m², PD2 = 20 plants/m², PD3 = 25 plants/m²) were the secondary factors. Effects of planting density on light environment of canopy, photosynthetic characteristics, growth dynamics, lodging percentage and yield composition of soybean were investigated. 【Result】Two-year data showed that the growth of soybean was affected by the shading of maize and self-shade at the middle and later stages in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the canopy of the plant population, leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthetic capacity, number of branches and yield were significantly decreased, while the degree of being affected by maize varied with soybean planting densities. In the strip intercropping, compared with PD3, the PAR in soybean population canopy of PD1 and PD2 increased by 45.4% and 24.8% respectively, the Pn of leaves increased by 46.1% and 12.3%, respectively, the Ep increased by 53.2% and 27.2%, respectively, the Bn increased by 270.4% and 140.9%, respectively, and the lodging percentage decreased by 50.3% and 19.3%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that lodging percentage was significantly negatively correlated with the PAR, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stem bending force (SBF), dry weight of stem / leaf ratio (S﹕L), number of branches per plant (Bn) and number of effective pods per plant (Ep), and positively correlated with plant height (PH), LAI and number of ineffective pods per plant (nEp). 【Conclusion】Therefore, in the maize-soybean strip intercropping, the appropriate planting density (20 plants/m²) was beneficial to create a better light environment of soybean population, reduce the lodging percentage, increase the accumulation of photosynthates, and thus improve the yield of soybean.

Key words: LAI, PAR, maize-soybean strip intercropping, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

程彬,刘卫国,王莉,许梅,覃思思,卢俊吉,高阳,李淑贤,AliRAZA,张熠,IrshanAHMAD,敬树忠,刘然金,杨文钰. 种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4084-4096.

CHENG Bin,LIU WeiGuo,WANG Li,XU Mei,QIN SiSi,LU JunJi,GAO Yang,LI ShuXian,Ali RAZA,ZHANG Yi,Irshan AHMAD,JING ShuZhong,LIU RanJin,YANG WenYu. Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4084-4096.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment		叶绿素含量 Content (mg·g^-1)			Chl(a/b)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		Chla	Chlb	Chl(a+b)	Chl(a/b)
2019	单作 Monocropping	PD1	4.11±0.11f	1.32±0.03e	5.43±0.14e	3.11±0.14a
		PD2	4.81±0.14e	1.63±0.06d	6.44±0.17d	2.95±0.21b
		PD3	5.68±0.08d	1.98±0.08cd	7.66±0.25cd	2.86±0.17b
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	5.91±0.17c	2.08±0.05c	7.99±0.31c	2.84±0.23bc
		PD2	6.56±0.27b	2.48±0.12b	9.04±0.28b	2.64±0.16c
		PD3	6.80±0.32a	3.04±0.08a	9.84±0.24a	2.23±0.18d
F-value	密度 PD		238.03**	392.30**	213.16**	575.71**
	种植模式 PP		1168.70**	1543.48**	982.83**	1631.41**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		23.03**	19.78**	9.41**	125.41**
2020	单作 Monocropping	PD1	3.84±0.21e	1.18±0.18e	5.02±0.25e	3.24±0.28a
		PD2	4.96±0.45d	1.72±0.22d	6.68±0.14d	2.87±0.65b
		PD3	5.74±0.29c	2.08±0.32c	7.82±0.27c	2.75±0.24bc
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	6.08±0.32b	2.38±0.34b	8.46±0.62b	2.55±0.47c
		PD2	6.69±0.34ab	2.88±0.51ab	9.57±0.41ab	2.32±0.27d
		PD3	6.98±0.31a	3.02±0.20a	10±0.22a	2.31±0.34d
F-value	密度 PD		520.43**	174.84**	730.86**	458.24**
	种植模式 PP		2412.71**	935.43**	4132.46**	1543.26**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		60.63**	8.23*	65.48**	43.27**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		株高 PH (cm)	茎粗 SD (mm)	抗折力 SBF (N)	主茎干重 SW (g)	叶干重 LW (g)	茎叶比 S : L
2019	单作 Monocropping	PD1	41.17±1.74d	7.61±0.13a	119.95±5.99a	5.68±0.38a	15.87±0.98a	0.35±0.08d
		PD2	43.16±1.90cd	7.47±0.14a	106.24±5.47b	5.35±0.44ab	11.55±0.69ab	0.47±0.04cd
		PD3	45.02±0.98c	6.94±0.25ab	75.48±3.84c	4.74±0.54b	9.14±0.58c	0.52±0.02c
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	58.30±3.25bc	6.05±0.14b	71.72±4.22c	3.74±0.54c	6.81±0.98d	0.55±0.07b
		PD2	62.16±1.03b	5.86±0.32c	63.47±4.85d	3.26±0.22cd	4.85±0.78de	0.67±3.98ab
		PD3	68.02±3.83a	5.56±0.19d	51.34±2.68e	2.57±0.14d	3.625±0.46f	0.71±0.04a
F-value	密度 PD		99.05**	35.00**	120.82**	110.35**	61.90**	70.92**
	种植模式 PP		2609.56**	252.43**	640.95**	1427.39**	470.44**	267.70**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		30.46**	10.47*	18.50*	2.70*	14.85**	11.90*
2020	单作 Monocropping	PD1	43.25±0.65d	7.54±0.23a	108.54±6.84a	5.48±0.34a	16.11±1.24a	0.34±0.04c
		PD2	44.58±1.21cd	7.28±0.35ab	100.22±4.35b	5.22±0.25ab	11.34.62±1.15b	0.46±0.03c
		PD3	45.89±1.54c	6.87±0.65b	80.65±4.28c	4.73±0.38c	8.18±0.68c	0.58±0.04c
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	60.21±1.33b	5.24±0.65c	68.24±3.24d	3.89±0.24d	5.89±0.24d	0.66±0.02b
		PD2	63.98±2.14b	4.89±0.78d	54.23±2.46e	3.41±0.32de	4.94±0.33de	0.69±0.08b
		PD3	70.21±2.54a	4.48±0.27e	48.55±3.21f	3.10±0.25e	4.31±0.25e	0.72±0.03a
F-value	密度 PD		85.14**	116.78**	186.36**	194.57**	1948.71**	44.98**
	种植模式 PP		586.14**	3716.01**	1680.14**	2995.40**	309.78**	287.89**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		28.34**	3.98*	5.79*	4.99*	133.52**	10.18*

种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System

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