增温增CO2对间作玉米光合特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确增温增CO₂对玉米||花生体系中玉米光合特性的影响,以期为未来气候变化条件下玉米||花生绿色高产高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米||花生2﹕4模式为研究对象,2018年设常温常CO₂（TC）和增温增CO₂（+T+C）处理,2019年增设增温增CO₂（+TC）处理,在P₀（0）和P₁₈₀（180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）2个磷水平下,研究了增温增CO₂对间作玉米叶绿素含量、SPAD值、光合-光强、光合-CO₂响应曲线及其相关参数的影响。【结果】（1）与TC处理相比,+TC处理提高了间作玉米苗后34 d叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量,降低了叶绿素a/b值,苗后55 d施磷条件下,SPAD值、AQY、CE、A_max、V_c,max、J_max和TPU分别提高了7.80%、18.18%、18.86%、13.34%、13.33%和20.14%,产量提高了19.2%—28.1%;与+TC处理相比,+T+C处理提高了苗后55 d和65 d间作玉米AQY,降低了LCP,苗后55 d间作玉米CE、A_max、V_c,max、J_max和TPU分别提高13.58%—32.96%、21.31%—11.61%、9.35%—14.55%、9.52%—15.13%和8.82%—26.16%,产量提高5.25%—18.70%,均达到显著差异水平（P<0.05）。（2）与TC处理相比,+T+C处理间作玉米大喇叭口期和灌浆期SPAD值分别提高4.68%—12.91%和7.88%—18.37%,蜡熟期却降低8.63%—12.72%;间作玉米苗后35 d叶绿素a、b和a+b分别提高17.58%—19.54%、52.55%—59.55%和26.08%—28.47%,叶绿素a/b降低了23.04%—25.18%;间作玉米苗后55 d 的AQY和LSP_n分别提高了30.30%—75.76%和16.87%—19.44%;CE、A_max、V_c,max、J_max和TPU分别提高了15.72%—36.78%、24.91%—32.66%、20.77%—29.83%、20.93%—30.48%和27.16%—30.74%,产量提高了7.24%—52.0%,均达到显著差异水平（P<0.05）。（3）与不施磷相比,施磷提高了TC、+TC和+T+C处理苗后85 d时叶绿素b含量,增幅分别为24.15%、18.64%和22.04%;苗后34 d 的LSP_n分别提高了13.30%、17.0%和9.86%,产量分别提高了24.2%—67.2%、55.6%和27.8%—38.0%,均达到显著差异水平（P<0.05）。【结论】增温和增CO₂均能提高间作玉米生育前期叶绿素含量和净光合速率,两者表现出正向协同作用,而在其生育中后期增CO₂能缓解增温带来的负效应;增温增CO₂能提高间作玉米的产量,关键在于其生育前中期叶绿素含量、羧化效率、最大电子传递速率和磷酸丙糖利用率的提高。施磷具有明显的正效应。

关键词: 气候变化, 增温增CO₂, 间作玉米, 羧化效率, 光化学效率, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify effects of elevated temperature and CO₂concentration on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize under intercropping with peanut, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the green high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of maize intercropping peanut (maize||peanut) under the condition of climate change in the future.【Method】In this study, maize intercropping peanut 2﹕4 pattern was taken as the research object. In 2018, ambient temperature ambient CO₂concentration (TC) and elevated temperature and CO₂(+T+C) were set up in the experiment, and elevated temperature ambient CO₂(+TC) was added in 2019 to conduct the experiment, under two phosphorus levels of P₀(0) and P₁₈₀(180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2), respectively. The effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ on photosynthetic pigment content, SPAD value, and photosynthetic response curves to light intensity and CO₂ concentration and the related parameters of intercropped maize were studied.【Result】 (1) Compared with TC, +TC increased the content of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b of intercropping maize at 34 days after seedlings, while this treatment reduced the chlorophyll a/b value. Under the condition of phosphorus application at 55 days after seedling, SPAD value, AQY, CE, A_max, V_c,max, J_max, and TPU of maize were increased by 7.80%, 18.18%, 18.86%, 13.34%, 13.33%, and 20.14%, respectively, and maize grain yield increased by 19.2% to 28.1%. Compared with +TC, +T+C improved the AQY, but reduced LCP of intercropping maize at 55 and 65 days after seedling; The CE, A_max, V_c,max, J_max, and TPU of intercropping maize were increased by 13.58%-32.96%, 21.31%-11.61%, 9.35%-14.5%, 9.52%-15.13% and 8.82%-26.16% at 55 days after seedling, respectively; The yield were increased by 5.25%-18.70%. All reached significant difference levels (P<0.05). (2) Compared with TC, +T+C increased the SPAD value of intercropping maize at big bell mouth and filling stages, which were increased by 4.68%-12.91% and 7.88%-18.37%, respectively, while decreased by 8.63%-12.72% at dough stage; chlorophyll a, b, and a+b of intercropping maize increased by 17.58%-19.54%, 52.55%-59.55%, and 26.08%-28.47%, respectively, at 35 days after seedlings; chlorophyll a/b were decreased by 23.04%-25.18%; AQY and LSP_n were increased by 30.30%-75.76% and 16.87%-19.44%, respectively, at 55 days after seedlings; CE, A_max, V_c,max, J_max and TPU increased by 15.72%-36.78%, 24.91%-32.66%, 20.77%-29.83%, 20.93%-30.48%, and 27.16%-30.74%, respectively; The yield increased by 7.24%-52.0%. All reached significant difference levels. (3) Compared with no phosphorus application, phosphorus application increased the content of chlorophyll b of intercropping maize under TC, +TC and +T+C by 24.15%, 18.64% and 22.04%, respectively, at 85 days after seedling; LSP_n was increased by 13.30%, 17.0% and 9.86%, respectively, at 34 days after seedling; and the yield was increased by 24.2%-67.2%, 55.6% and 27.8%-38.0%, respectively. All reached significant difference levels. 【Conclusion】 Elevated temperature or elevated temperature and CO₂ could increase chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of intercropping maize at early growth stage, showing a positive synergy, while elevated CO₂ could alleviate the negative effects of elevated temperature at the middle and late growth stage. Elevated temperature and CO₂ could increase the yield of intercropping maize, the key lies in the improvement of chlorophyll content, carboxylation efficiency, maximum electron transfer rate and triose phosphate utilization rate at the early and middle growth stage. The supply of phosphorus had an obvious positive effect.

Key words: climatic change, elevated temperature and CO₂concentration, intercropping maize, carboxylation efficiency, photochemical efficiency, yield

王飞,孙增光,尹飞,郭彬彬,刘领,焦念元. 增温增CO₂对间作玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(1): 58-70.

WANG Fei,SUN ZengGuang,YIN Fei,GUO BinBin,LIU Ling,JIAO NianYuan. Effects of Elevated Temperature and CO₂ on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Intercropping Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 58-70.

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参考文献 32

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	处理Treatment	2018	2019
相比于TC处理CO₂浓度差 CO₂ concentration elevated relative to CT treatment (μmol·mol^-1)	+TC	12 (2.7)	15 (3.2)
	+T+C	312 (50)	319 (38)
相比于TC处理温度差 Temperature elevated relative to CT treatment (℃)	+TC	1.8 (0.8)	1.9 (0.9)
	+T+C	1.9 (0.5)	2.1 (0.3)
日平均CO₂浓度Daily CO₂ concentration (μmol·mol^-1)	TC	376 (38)	389 (45)
日平均温度Daily air temperature (℃)	TC	22.9 (5.0)	22.86 (5.1)
日最高温度Daily maximum temperature (℃)	TC	37.1	36.4
日最低温度Daily minimum temperature (℃)	TC	20.0	17.5

苗后天数 Days after seedling (d)	磷水平 P level	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素a+b Chlorophyll a+b (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
35	P₀	TC	1.56b	0.442d	2.00c	3.53a
		+TC	1.64b	0.560c	2.20b	2.93bc
		+T+C	1.86a	0.707b	2.57a	2.64cd
	P₁₈₀	TC	1.62b	0.520c	2.14bc	3.12b
		+TC	1.65b	0.568c	2.18b	2.90bc
		+T+C	1.90a	0.794a	2.70a	2.40d
85	P₀	TC	1.23ab	0.530c	1.76bc	2.31b
		+TC	1.13c	0.413d	1.54e	2.74a
		+T+C	1.18abc	0.499c	1.68cd	2.37b
	P₁₈₀	TC	1.26a	0.658b	1.91a	1.91c
		+TC	1.15bc	0.490c	1.64de	2.35b
		+T+C	1.20abc	0.609a	1.81b	1.97c

年份 Year	苗后天数 Days after seedling (d)	磷水平 P level	处理 Treatment	表观量子效率 AQY (μmol·mol^-1)	光饱和时净光合速率LSP_n (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	光饱和点 LSP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
2018	59	P₀	TC	0.036b	31.7b	1958b	80.5a
		P₀	+T+C	0.039ab	33.8b	2179ab	56.4b
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.039ab	36.8a	2138ab	89.9a
		P₁₈₀	+T+C	0.043a	38.4a	2236a	82.7a
2019	34	P₀	TC	0.047a	37.6c	1810a	97.5b
			+TC	0.048a	40.0bc	1865a	92.1c
			+T+C	0.050a	42.6abc	1880a	76.2d
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.048a	45.5ab	2007a	101a
			+TC	0.051a	46.8ab	2018a	93.8c
			+T+C	0.051a	49.3a	2123a	90.7c
	55	P₀	TC	0.033d	28.8c	2150a	96.4b
			+TC	0.036b	31.9bc	1941ab	68.7d
			+T+C	0.043b	34.4ab	2150a	65.4e
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.033d	33.2bc	2054ab	138a
			+TC	0.039bc	36.9ab	2353a	90.5c
			+T+C	0.058a	38.8a	2407b	70.6d
	65	P₀	TC	0.029cd	25.5bc	—	47.0d
			+TC	0.025d	23.3c	—	67c
			+T+C	0.045b	28.2b	—	47.2d
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.033c	28.7b	—	86.2a
			+TC	0.029cd	26.1bc	—	87.8a
			+T+C	0.053a	35.2a	—	83.0b
	82	P₀	TC	0.038b	24.9ab	—	62.3c
			+TC	0.031c	18.7c	—	66.2b
			+T+C	0.038b	22.9ab	—	85.6d
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.057a	26.8a	—	62.0c
			+TC	0.038b	21.4bc	—	46.8d
			+T+C	0.038b	23.7ab	—	48.9d

年份 Year	苗后天数 Days after seedling (d)	磷水平 P level	处理 Treatment	羧化效率 CE	CO₂饱和时净光合速率 A_max (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	Rubisco最大羧化速率 V_c,max (μmol·mol^-1)	最大电子传递速率 J_max (μmol·mol^-1)	磷酸丙糖利用率TPU (μmol·mol^-1)
2018	59	P₀	TC	0.133d	29.0d	80.0c	88.0c	8.40b
		P₀	+T+C	0.170c	30.9c	93.3b	103b	8.75b
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.198b	34.0b	101a	112a	9.85a
		P₁₈₀	+T+C	0.206a	35.4a	102a	113a	9.95a
2019	34	P₀	TC	0.145d	29.4e	88.2d	97.0d	8.52d
			+TC	0.153cd	32.1d	90.5d	99.6d	9.29d
			+T+C	0.196b	38.0b	113b	125b	10.9bc
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.149d	35.8c	101.4c	111c	10.3c
			+TC	0.163c	39.1b	99.9c	109c	11.5ab
			+T+C	0.220a	41.8a	127.8a	141a	11.8a
	55	P₀	TC	0.159d	26.9e	86.2d	95.1d	7.51d
			+TC	0.162c	27.7e	95.2c	105c	7.57d
			+T+C	0.184b	33.6c	104.1b	115b	9.55b
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.174bc	29.7d	95.2c	105c	8.49c
			+TC	0.179bc	35.3b	107.9b	119b	10.2b
			+T+C	0.238a	39.4a	123.6a	137a	11.1a
	65	P₀	TC	0.090c	22.7e	47.1d	51.1c	5.99cd
			+TC	0.078f	22.1e	37.1e	41.1d	5.50d
			+T+C	0.122b	24.6d	50.5d	54.9c	6.52c
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.095d	28.0b	84.6b	104a	7.86b
			+TC	0.087e	25.9c	60.2c	93.0b	7.52b
			+T+C	0.149a	30.4a	93.7a	105a	8.52a
	82	P₀	TC	0.090a	19.9d	48.2b	51.6a	5.42b
			+TC	0.069d	17.8e	36.5d	39.6c	4.94d
			+T+C	0.084c	18.5e	38.0cd	40.6c	4.98d
		P₁₈₀	TC	0.099b	27.0a	51.6a	54.4a	6.54a
			+TC	0.085bc	21.1c	40.0cd	42.3bc	5.67b
			+T+C	0.086bc	22.2b	41.6c	44.7b	5.79b

增温增CO₂对间作玉米光合特性的影响

Effects of Elevated Temperature and CO₂ on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Intercropping Maize

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