关键词: 饲料原料, 砷含量, 猪, 鸡

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this survey was to study the arsenic (As) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces in China, providing a scientific basis for controlling As contents in the feed ingredients, and even for guiding feed companies to establish a scientific process on As detection. 【Method】A total of 40 types of 4 054 feed samples were collected from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions, and then the As contents of them were measured by Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (IC-ICP-MS). 【Result】The results showed that the average As contents of these 40 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 5.21 to 13 292.0 μg·kg^-1, and the distribution of As contents in different species of feed ingredients was as follows: mineral ingredients (5 018.6 μg·kg^-1)>animal ingredients (1 704.8 μg·kg^-1)>straw ingredients (1 239.0 μg·kg^-1)>pasture ingredients (500.3 μg·kg^-1)>cereal by-products (329.24 μg·kg^-1)>plant protein ingredients (72.99 μg·kg^-1 )>cereals (38.07 μg·kg^-1 ). Meanwhile, the distribution of As contents of cereals, cereal by-products and straw ingredients was as follows: corn straw>corn by-products (corn gluten meal, spray corn cortex and corn DDGS)>corn; wheat straw>wheat by-products (wheat bran, wheat DDGS and wheat middling)>wheat; rice straw>rice by-products ( rice bran and defatted rice bran)>rice>broken rice, which concerned the capacities of different parts of cereals gathering As from soil and water, root>leaf>stem>chaff>grain . The results in comparison with As contents of corn, wheat or soybean meal from different provinces (regions) are extremely significant (P<0.01) respectively, demonstrating As contents among same type of samples from different regions are significant also. Moreover, the ratios of As contents exceeding the limit standard, based on hygienical standard for feeds, have been calculated among the 40 kinds of feed ingredients. As contents in cereals, plant protein ingredients and pasture ingredients were under the limit standard. Nevertheless, As contents of only defatted rice bran in cereal by-products presented the over-limit ratio of 2.8%; As contents of only fish meal in animal ingredients showed the over-limit ratio of 5.3%; The over-limit ratio of rice straw in straw ingredients was 27.4%; Both limestone and dicalcium phosphate in mineral ingredients were with high over-limit ratios 30.8% and 60%, respectively. Over-limit ratios of As contents in different kinds of feed ingredients were as follows: dicalcium phosphate>limestone>rice straw>fish meal>defatted rice bran.【Conclusion】 The above results showed that the As contents in feed ingredients varied greatly in different kinds and regions. The As contents of those cereals relatives ingredients presented a common rule, that is, As contents of straw ingredients were highest, successively, cereals by-products and cereals. Especially, As contents of dicalcium phosphate, limestone, rice straw, fish meal and defatted rice bran were above the limit standard sometimes, which could be considered as high risk feed ingredients. Therefore, the As content in basal diets from different types and regions should be considered in the preparation of diets. It is necessary to improve As detection frequency to make sure of the As contents in animal diets under the safe limits according to the GB 13078-2017 strictly.

Key words: feedstuff, arsenic contents, pig, chicken