中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (17): 3479-3495.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.006
收稿日期:
2020-03-16
接受日期:
2020-06-09
出版日期:
2020-09-01
发布日期:
2020-09-11
作者简介:
王群,E-mail:基金资助:
WANG Qun(),ZHAO XiangYang,LIU DongYao,YAN ZhenHua,LI HongPing,DONG PengFei,LI Chaohai
Received:
2020-03-16
Accepted:
2020-06-09
Online:
2020-09-01
Published:
2020-09-11
摘要:
【目的】随着全球气候变化,玉米生长季气象灾害频发,阴雨寡照已成为黄淮南部地区玉米的主要非生物灾害之一。本研究通过比较2个敏感性不同玉米品种在花期淹水弱光复合胁迫的根系生长动态、结构特征和生理特性,以期探明玉米根系对花期阴雨寡照胁迫的响应特征。【方法】以郑单958和豫玉22为材料,设对照(CK)、淹水(W)、弱光(S)、淹水+弱光(WS)4个不同胁迫处理,采用盆栽试验比较不同胁迫处理下玉米根干重、长度、根表面积、根体积、节根层数的动态变化特征,探明根形态结构、根生理指标及产量对淹水、弱光及复合胁迫的响应特征。【结果】淹水、弱光及其复合胁迫下玉米根总干重、根总长度、根表面积和根体积均显著下降,3种逆境以淹水弱光复合胁迫降幅最大,其次是淹水、弱光单一胁迫,W、S、WS处理的单株根干重和根长度平均比CK降低15.21%、5.08%、21.07%和14.86%、5.52%、18.14%,根表面积和根体积则比CK平均降低9.83%、4.62%、12.72%和12.62%、6.61%、16.23%;WS处理的根干重、根长度、根表面积和根体积比W处理平均降低6.64%、3.84%、3.21%和4.12%,比S处理平均降低16.55%、13.10%、8.41%和10.32%,且WS与S处理间差异显著,与W处理之间差异不显著。淹水及复合胁迫下根通气组织发达,根气腔数量、面积、孔积率和节根层数明显增加,其中W、WS处理根单位面积上气腔数量比CK平均增加5.29和10.03倍,气腔面积较CK平均增加5.76和13.27倍,根孔积率较CK平均增加8.01和10.00倍,W和WS处理节根层数平均比CK增加1—2层,但S处理与CK无差异。淹水、弱光及复合胁迫使玉米根系生理指标和产量显著降低,尤其以复合胁迫下降幅度最大,各指标处理间变化趋势为WS
王群,赵向阳,刘东尧,闫振华,李鸿萍,董朋飞,李潮海. 淹水弱光复合胁迫对夏玉米根形态结构、生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(17): 3479-3495.
WANG Qun,ZHAO XiangYang,LIU DongYao,YAN ZhenHua,LI HongPing,DONG PengFei,LI Chaohai. Root Morphological, Physiological Traits and Yield of Maize Under Waterlogging and Low Light Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3479-3495.
表1
不同处理对玉米节根层数量的影响"
品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 节根层数Root layers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 d | 3 d | 5 d | 7 d | 9 d | ||
郑单958 Zhengdan958 | CK | 6.33±0.27a | 6.00±0.47a | 6.33±0.27a | 6.67±0.27b | 6.67±0.47b |
W | 6.33±0.27a | 7.00±0.47 a | 7.33±0.27a | 8.67±0.27a | 8.33±0.27a | |
S | 6.00±0.00a | 6.33±0.27a | 6.33±0.47a | 6.67±0.27b | 7.33±0.27b | |
WS | 6.67±0.47a | 7.67±0.47a | 7.33±0.27a | 7.33±0.27b | 8.00±0.00a | |
豫玉22 Yuyu22 | CK | 6.00±0.47a | 6.33±0.27a | 6.00±0.54a | 6.33±0.00b | 6.67±0.27b |
W | 6.00±0.00a | 6.67±0.27a | 7.00±0.47a | 7.67±0.54a | 7.00±0.47a | |
S | 6.33±0.27a | 6.67±0.54a | 6.33±0.27a | 6.33±0.27b | 6.67±0.27b | |
WS | 6.67±0.27a | 6.67±0.27a | 7.00±0.27a | 7.67±0.27a | 7.67±0.27a |
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