中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 795-801.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国茶园土壤酸化现状与分析

颜鹏,韩文炎(),李鑫,张丽平,张兰   

  1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/农业农村部茶叶质量安全控制重点实验室,杭州 310008
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-24 接受日期:2019-07-03 出版日期:2020-02-16 发布日期:2020-03-09
  • 联系方式: 颜鹏,E-mail:yanpengzn@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2017YFE0107500);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-XTCX2016015)

Present Situation and Analysis of Soil Acidification in Chinese Tea Garden

Peng YAN,WenYan HAN(),Xin LI,LiPing ZHANG,Lan ZHANG   

  1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008
  • Received:2019-05-24 Accepted:2019-07-03 Published:2020-02-16 Online:2020-03-09

摘要:

【目的】茶树是我国重要的经济作物,由于其较好的经济效益,近年来茶树种植面积不断扩大,但是土壤酸化问题也日益突出。对已发表的茶园土壤pH的文献进行整理和分析,明确我国主要产茶省份茶园土壤pH情况,为茶园土壤调控管理和茶园发展规划提供科学依据。【方法】以我国主要产茶区土壤酸化情况为研究对象,筛选收集中国知网和web of science上2000—2016年发表的相关文献,利用加权平均的方法计算全国以及各产茶省份茶园土壤平均pH,以及在各个区间的分布情况。利用文献数据,比较茶园和周边森林土壤pH的差异。同时利用测土配方施肥数据,对安溪县和松阳县两个典型产茶县不同作物类型下土壤pH进行比较分析。【结果】全国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,各省份间存在很大差异。山东和河南两省茶园土壤pH超过5.5,分别达到5.76和5.54,江西省茶园土壤pH最低,只有3.86。从土壤pH在各区间的分布来看,只有41%的茶园的土壤pH在4.5—5.5这一最适宜茶树生长的范围。高达52%的茶园的土壤pH在4.5以下,属于不适宜茶树生长的强酸性土壤。与森林相比较,种植茶树显著降低了土壤pH。种茶历史悠久的安溪县茶园土壤pH为4.2,远低于水稻土壤的5.2和果蔬等土壤的6.2。在种茶历史相对较短的松阳县,茶园土壤pH为5.1,也分别低于水稻和果蔬等土壤的5.2和5.4。【结论】我国茶园土壤酸化严重,全国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,超过52%的土壤的pH在4.5以下,属于不适宜茶树生长的强酸性土壤。后期应当加强茶园土壤酸化调控,以防止茶园土壤继续酸化,实现茶叶长期可持续发展。

关键词: 茶园, 土壤酸化, 土地利用方式, 中国

Abstract:

【Objective】Tea is an important economic crop in China. Because of its high economic value, its planting area has been expanding rapidly in the past years. However, the soil acidification is more and more serious. Understanding the soil acidification of tea gardens in the main tea planting provinces in China will be useful for guiding soil management and tea development in future.【Method】To achieve our objective, 99 papers published in Chinese magazine Network and web of science were collected and the data about soil pH and its distribution in there interval of <4.5,4.5-5.5 and >5.5 were analyzed by weighted average method. We further compared the soil pH between forest and tea garden to understand the effect of tea cultivation on soil acidification. And depending on the data from National Soil Testing and Formula Fertilizing Project, the soil pH with different crops were also analyzed in Songyang and Anxi countries, which were two representative tea planting countries.【Result】The averaged soil pH of the whole county was 4.73, while it was various among different provinces. The averaged soil pH of Shandong and Henan were above 5.5, which were 5.76 and 5.54, respectively. While the averaged soil pH of Jiangxi was as low as 3.86. As for the percentage of averaged soil pH distribution in the interval of <4.5, 4.5-5.5 and >5.5, only 41% soil pH were in the interval of 4.5-5.5, which was suitable for tea growth. 52% sites were in the interval of pH<4.5, which was too low for tea growth. Depending on the data from 22 literatures, the soil pH of tea garden was 4.28, which was significantly lower than that 5.17 of forest. In Anxi, the country with long history of tea plantation, the soil pH of tea garden was 4.2, which was lower than that 5.2 and 6.2 of rice and fruit or vegetable soil. In Songyang, the country started to growth tea in the last two decades, the soil pH of tea garden was 5.1, this was also lower than that 5.2 and 5.4 of rice and fruit or vegetable soil. 【Conclusion】 Soil acidification was serious in our tea garden, the averaged soil pH was 4.73, and 52% of the tea garden with soil pH below 4.5, which was the critical value for tea growth. It is important to pay more attention on developing various technologies to ameliorate soil acidity in tea garden, and achieve its sustainable development in China.

Key words: tea, soil acidification, land use patterns, whole country