草地贪夜蛾在中国西北地区的迁飞路径

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.10.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 1949-1960.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.10.006

草地贪夜蛾在中国西北地区的迁飞路径

吴秋琳^1,²(),姜玉英³,刘媛⁴,刘杰³,马景⁴,胡高⁵,杨明进⁴,吴孔明²()

¹南京信息工程大学应用气象学院江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京 210044
²中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100193
³全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
⁴宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站,银川 750001
⁵南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京 210095

收稿日期:2021-11-10 接受日期:2021-12-28 出版日期:2022-05-16 发布日期:2022-06-02
通讯作者: 吴孔明
作者简介:吴秋琳,E-mail： wuqiulin89@126.com。
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2020BBF03004);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400702);国家自然科学基金(31727901);国家自然科学基金(31901873)

Migration Pathway of Spodoptera frugiperda in Northwestern China

WU QiuLin^1,²(),JIANG YuYing³,LIU Yuan⁴,LIU Jie³,MA Jing⁴,HU Gao⁵,YANG MingJin⁴,WU KongMing²()

¹Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
²State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
³National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125
⁴Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001
⁵College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095

Received:2021-11-10 Accepted:2021-12-28 Online:2022-05-16 Published:2022-06-02
Contact: KongMing WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）是联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）全球预警的重大迁飞性农业害虫,2018年底入侵中国后对玉米等农作物生产构成了严重威胁。远距离迁飞习性是草地贪夜蛾区域性转移危害的生物学基础,其在东亚季风和印度季风流行的气候环境下,可形成纵贯中国东部地区和西部地区的迁飞路线。据连续两年全国普查,草地贪夜蛾沿西线迁飞路线逐代北侵的终点位于我国西北地区的宁夏全境和内蒙古阿拉善左旗。但目前,入侵中国西北地区的草地贪夜蛾的虫源地尚未明确,该害虫在整个中国西部地区的迁飞路径研究也鲜有报道。【目的】阐释驱动草地贪夜蛾迁入中国西北地区的关键气象动力因子,明确该地区首次入侵种群的虫源地所在,精准解析亚洲季风气候背景下草地贪夜蛾的迁飞路径,为建设监测预警体系和指导区域性治理提供依据。【方法】利用2019—2020年草地贪夜蛾在西北地区宁夏的成虫种群动态监测数据和气象资料,采用中尺度气象数值模拟、昆虫迁飞轨迹模型、地理信息系统等技术手段,分析草地贪夜蛾远距离迁飞的大气动力背景场,模拟计算草地贪夜蛾在中国西北地区连续1—3个夜晚的迁飞路径和回推轨迹落点。【结果】7—9月份出现的偏南夏季风是影响宁夏等西北地区草地贪夜蛾不断迁入的关键气象因子,其虫源主要来自于甘肃东南部、四川东部,其次为陕西西部,此外,重庆西南部、云南东北部和山西西部局部也可为西北地区提供一定的虫源。【结论】在偏南夏季风的主导作用下,草地贪夜蛾经由多个夜晚的连续迁飞可构成其在中国西部地区的主要迁飞路径。该路径源自缅甸,自南向北依次经由中国“云南-四川和重庆-陕西和甘肃-宁夏”,最北可达内蒙古。在7—9月份偏南风盛行期提前和风速偏强的气候条件下要加强西北部玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾的监测预警与防治工作。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 中国西北地区, 迁飞路径, 夏季风, 监测预警

Abstract:

【Background】As a major migratory insect pest putting the whole world on alert, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda warned by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) poses a serious threat to the agriculture production (including maize) of China from the end of 2018. Taking advantages of the long-distance transport of seasonal monsoons and its self-powered migratory capacity, S. frugiperda performs two migration pathways to fly across the eastern and western China separately, which has caused regional dispersal and severe infestation. According to 2-year systematic investigation in China, the west migration route of S. frugiperda ends in Northwestern China, especially in Ningxia and Alxa Left Banner of Inner Mongolia. However, little is known about the source areas of S. frugiperda population invading Northwestern China, and few reports explore the migration route of this devastating pest through the whole western China.【Objective】The objective of this study is to accurately analyze on the key atmospheric factors driving the immigration of S. frugiperda into the Northwestern China, source regions of the first populations to arrive, and Asian monsoon-induced migration pathways of S. frugiperda, which can provide fundamental evidence for the early warning and regional management and control of this invasive pest in China.【Method】Based on the invasion dynamics of S. frugiperda in Ningxia of the Northwestern China and meteorological data, a meso-scale numerical model, insect’s flight trajectory calculating program, and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to identify the atmospheric transport backgrounds, simulate the succussive 1-3 night migration routes and trace their source regions of S. frugiperda in the Northwestern China.【Result】The southerly summer monsoon from July to September each year was the key factor for the successive and successful immigration of S. frugiperda into Ningxia and other regions of Northwestern China, of which their major source populations of S. frugiperda were located in southeastern Gansu and eastern Sichuan, while some were from western Shaanxi. In addition, southwestern Chongqing, northeastern Yunnan and part of western Shanxi could possibly provide population source of S. frugiperda.【Conclusion】Under the influence of southerly Asian summer monsoons, S. frugiperda can fly towards the north for 1-3 successive nights via its west migration pathway “Yunnan-Sichuan and Chongqing-Shaanxi and Gansu-Ningxia” in China, which originates from Myanmar and ends in Inner Mongolia, China. In particular, the government should be vigilant against the occurrence and damage of this devastating pest in the maize-cropping regions of Northwestern China while the preponderance of early southerly wind is advanced and wind speed gets strong during July to September.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, Northwestern China, migration pathway, summer monsoon, monitoring and early warning

吴秋琳,姜玉英,刘媛,刘杰,马景,胡高,杨明进,吴孔明. 草地贪夜蛾在中国西北地区的迁飞路径[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(10): 1949-1960.

WU QiuLin,JIANG YuYing,LIU Yuan,LIU Jie,MA Jing,HU Gao,YANG MingJin,WU KongMing. Migration Pathway of Spodoptera frugiperda in Northwestern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1949-1960.

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2019年始见日期 First recorded date in 2019 (m-d)	2019年发生县（市、区） Distribution of reported moth in 2019	2019年发生虫态及数量（头） Pest status and number in 2019	2020年成虫始见日期 First recorded date in 2020 (m-d)	2020年发生县（市、区） Distribution of reported moth in 2020	2020年发生虫态及数量（头） Pest status and number in 2020
07-31	彭阳县Pengyang	成虫Adult (4)	07-09	原州区Yuanzhou	成虫Adult (5)
08-01	同心县Tongxin	成虫Adult (5)	07-10	同心县Tongxin	成虫Adult (4)
08-02	原州区Yuanzhou	成虫Adult (2)	07-13	海原县Haiyuan	成虫Adult (4)
08-02	西吉县Xiji	成虫Adult (12)	07-16	盐池县Yanchi	成虫Adult (1)
08-03	隆德县Longde	成虫Adult (1)	07-20	红寺堡区Hongsibao	成虫Adult (1)
08-04	泾源县Jingyuan	成虫Adult (5)	07-23	中宁县Zhongning	成虫Adult (1)
08-07	盐池县Yanchi	成虫Adult (1)	07-28	利通区Litong	成虫Adult (1)
08-07	海原县Haiyuan	成虫Adult (1)	08-03	彭阳县Pengyang	成虫Adult (1)
08-08	红寺堡区Hongsibao	成虫Adult (7)	08-07	西吉县Xiji	成虫Adult (2)
08-09	中宁县Zhongning	成虫Adult (1)	08-20	泾源县Jingyuan	成虫Adult (3)
08-11	利通区Litong	成虫Adult (1)
08-14	青铜峡市Qingtongxia	成虫Adult (1)
08-16	灵武市Lingwu	成虫Adult (3)
08-19	平罗县Pingluo	成虫Adult (2)
08-20	贺兰县Helan	成虫Adult (1)
09-05	沙坡头区Shapotou	成虫Adult (5)

草地贪夜蛾在中国西北地区的迁飞路径

Migration Pathway of Spodoptera frugiperda in Northwestern China

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