关键词: 苹果, 柱状树型, 基因定位, 基因表达, 候选基因

Abstract:

【Objective】Columnar growth in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a special type of dwarf mutation. Due to short internodes and lateral branches, a limited canopy and minimal pruning, columnar apple trees are well adapted to high density plantings. Based on the fine mapping of Co, the genes in the localization interval were screened, which laid a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of columnar apple formation and breeding new varieties of columnar apples.【Method】Based on the latest apple genome data and transcriptome information, the buds, stem tips and leaves of columnar apple Wujia, Runtai No.1 and standard apple Fuji and Huashuo were used as test materials, and the genes between the fine mapping Co gene in interval from 27.66 Mb to 29.05 Mb were annotated and predicted. The coding sequence of the target gene was selected to detect primer specificity by RT-PCR, the real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression characteristics of target genes in different tissues and organs, and differential genes were screened out as candidate genes.【Result】The results showed that there were 67 genes between 27.66 Mb and 29.05 Mb in chromosome 10, 12 of which were non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and the rest were genes with encoding proteins. According to the columnar and standard apple RNA-seq, there were 25 genes with more than 1 fold difference, 13 of which were up-regulated, and 12 genes were down-regulated in columnar apples. Among the 14 predicted genes, there were significant differences in the relative expression of the four genes MD10G1184100, MD10G1185400, MD10G1185600 and MD10G1190500 between shoot tips and lateral shoot tips in columnar and standard apples. The relative expression levels of MD10G1184100 and MD10G1185600 in the tip of terminal bud of two columnar apples were significantly higher than those of both standard apples. The relative expression of MD10G1185400 and MD10G1190500 genes in the tip of lateral bud of two columnar apples was significantly higher than that of two standard apples, while the expression of MD10G1184100 gene in two columnar apples was significantly lower than that of standard apples. The gene expression patterns of different tissues or organs of four candidate genes were analyzed. The result showed that the expression of MD10G1184100 gene in the roots of columnar apples was significantly higher than that in other tissues. The MD10G1185400 and D10G1185600 genes were significantly expressed in lateral tips in columnar apples, while MD10G1190500 gene was prominently expressed in the terminal bud of columnar apples.【Conclusion】4 genes with significant differences in columnar and standard apple could be regarded as Co candidate genes, which laid a foundation for gene cloning and functional verification and apple tree-oriented genetic improvement.

Key words: apple, columnar trait, gene mapping, gene expression, candidate gene analysis