‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收果实类黄酮组分及含量差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (22): 4473-4486.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收果实类黄酮组分及含量差异分析

王博¹(),覃富强¹,邓凤莹¹,罗惠格¹,陈祥飞¹,成果²,白扬³,黄小云³,韩佳宇²,曹雄军²,白先进⁴()

¹广西大学农学院，南宁 530004
²广西农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所，南宁 530007
³广西真诚农业有限公司，南宁 530007
⁴广西农业科学院，南宁 530007

收稿日期:2022-02-21 接受日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2022-11-16 发布日期:2022-12-14
通讯作者: 白先进
作者简介:王博，Tel：15877190685；E-mail：wangbo0127@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960572);广西重点研发计划(桂科AB21196042);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(2021YT126)

Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation

WANG Bo¹(),QIN FuQiang¹,DENG FengYing¹,LUO HuiGe¹,CHEN XiangFei¹,CHENG Guo²,BAI Yang³,HUANG XiaoYun³,HAN JiaYu²,CAO XiongJun²,BAI XianJin⁴()

¹College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
²Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007
³Guangxi Zhencheng Agricultural Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007
⁴Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007

Received:2022-02-21 Accepted:2022-07-08 Online:2022-11-16 Published:2022-12-14
Contact: XianJin BAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 以3年生一年两收栽培‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试材，探究夏果与冬果基本理化指标、类黄酮物质组分及含量的差异，为‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收栽培的品质调控提供理论依据。【方法】 记录‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄全生育期日照时数、光照度、温度、降雨量等气候数据，在夏果与冬果的幼果期、膨大期、软化期、开始成熟期、成熟期测定果实基本理化指标，并利用高效液相色谱质谱（LC-MS/MS）联用技术检测各时期果皮中黄酮醇和黄烷醇的组分及含量。【结果】 气候因子方面，‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄夏果生长前期光照度弱、温度低，后期光照度强、温度高，而冬果与之相反；夏果生长期平均日照时数、平均温度、有效积温大于冬果，但降雨量低于冬果，开始成熟期至成熟期的夏果水热系数高于冬果。基本品质方面，成熟期夏果可溶性固形物含量显著高于冬果，果皮厚度显著低于冬果，果实单粒重、果实横纵径、可滴定酸含量在夏果与冬果中无显著差异。黄酮醇的组分及含量方面，夏果与冬果的总黄酮醇含量整体呈下降趋势，夏果各时期总黄酮醇含量均显著高于冬果，夏果中黄酮醇主要成分为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷，冬果中黄酮醇以山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷为主。黄烷醇的组分及含量方面，夏果与冬果的总黄烷醇含量也均呈下降趋势，夏果和冬果果皮中均检测到8种相同的黄烷醇物质，主要成分为儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素B₁。夏果果实发育各时期果皮中总黄烷醇含量以及儿茶素、表儿茶素、原花青素B₁含量均显著低于冬果，果实成熟期夏果没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素B₂含量显著高于冬果。主成分分析表明夏果与冬果的黄酮醇类物质组分有一定差异。回归分析表明，儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、原花青素B₁是区分夏果与冬果类黄酮物质组分的主要物质。【结论】 试验年份‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄夏果基本品质优于冬果。各时期夏果总黄酮醇类物质含量显著高于同期冬果，而总黄烷醇含量显著低于同期冬果。‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄夏果与冬果果皮中黄酮醇的主要成分不同，但二者黄烷醇的主要成分相同，均为儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素B₁。冬果中黄烷醇主要成分的含量显著高于夏果，因此其口感的涩味更强。生长期光照和温度差异可能是引起夏、冬果果皮类黄酮物质组分差异的重要因素。

关键词: ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄, 一年两收, 气候, 果皮, 黄酮醇, 黄烷醇

Abstract:

【Objective】 3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁ in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B₂at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B₁ were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】 In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.

Key words: Shine Muscat grape, two-crop-a-year, climate, skin, flavonols, flavanols

王博,覃富强,邓凤莹,罗惠格,陈祥飞,成果,白扬,黄小云,韩佳宇,曹雄军,白先进. ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收果实类黄酮组分及含量差异分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4473-4486.

WANG Bo,QIN FuQiang,DENG FengYing,LUO HuiGe,CHEN XiangFei,CHENG Guo,BAI Yang,HUANG XiaoYun,HAN JiaYu,CAO XiongJun,BAI XianJin. Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4473-4486.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I22/4473

图/表 10

表1

表2

表3

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄夏果与冬果不同物候期气象因子"

平均日照时数指每个物候期大于2 000 lx的光照时间；平均温度指每个物候期的日平均温度；有效积温=∑Ti(Ti≥10℃)，Ti指的是日平均温度；水热系数=∑P/(∑Ti*0.1)，∑P：降雨量，∑Ti：有效积温

Average sunshine duration is the sunshine duration greater than 2 000 lx per phenophase; Average temperature means the average temperature of each phenophase; Effective accumulated temperature calculated as T =∑Ti(Ti≥10℃), and Ti was average daily temperature; Hydrothermic coefficient calculated as K=∑P/(∑Ti×0.1), ∑P was total rainfall and ∑Ti was active accumulated temperature

物候期 Phenological period	季节 Season	平均日照时数Average sunshine hours (h)	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	有效积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	水热系数K Hydrothermal coefficient
Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18 )	夏果 Summer grape	10.73	23.15	71.00	757.20	0.94
Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18 )	冬果 Winter grape	11.58	28.34	102.20	637.03	1.60
Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	夏果 Summer grape	11.13	24.16	3.50	168.40	0.21
Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	冬果 Winter grape	11.22	25.94	52.20	145.57	3.59
Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	夏果 Summer grape	11.64	27.27	93.80	697.60	1.34
Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	冬果 Winter grape	11.21	23.55	7.00	593.91	0.12
Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	夏果 Summer grape	12.15	30.31	40.80	453.80	0.90
Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	冬果 Winter grape	10.14	23.32	141.20	457.97	3.08
Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	夏果 Summer grape	12.13	30.34	154.80	981.70	1.58
Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	冬果 Winter grape	9.51	17.13	84.60	869.57	0.97
Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	夏果 Summer grape	12.65	30.51	35.00	473.80	0.74
Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	冬果 Winter grape	9.02	15.46	34.60	379.06	0.91
Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	夏果 Summer grape	11.96	29.28	39.40	275.60	1.43
Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	冬果 Winter grape	8.65	14.22	4.60	144.87	0.32
Total (E-L4—E-L39)	夏果 Summer grape	11.70	27.67	438.30	3808.10	1.99
Total (E-L4—E-L39)	冬果 Winter grape	10.05	21.07	457.20	3227.99	1.45

表3

图1

图2

表4

表5

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同时期夏果与冬果黄烷醇组分及含量的变化"

代谢物 Metabolite	季节 Season	E-L31	E-L33	E-L35	E-L36	E-L38
儿茶素 Catechin	夏果 Summer grape	11.98±0.28a	11.79±0.28a	3.61±0.27b	2.02±0.17c	1.36±0.10d
儿茶素 Catechin	冬果 Winter grape	29.13±0.83a*	19.15±0.23b*	11.99±0.17c*	5.99±0.80d*	5.02±0.25e*
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.38±0.02c	0.64±0.01b	0.73±0.02a	0.77±0.05a	0.74±0.02a
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.89±0.02b*	0.80±0.02b*	1.25±0.06a*	1.20±0.19a*	1.12±0.07a*
没食子儿茶素 Gallocatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.28±0.01b	0.49±0.01a*	0.29±0.01b	0.22±0.01c	0.22±0.01c*
没食子儿茶素 Gallocatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.50±0.03a*	0.42±0.01b	0.29±0.01c	0.24±0.01d	0.19±0.01e
表没食子儿茶素 Epigallocatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.18±0.01c	0.29±0.01a*	0.20±0.01b	0.18±0.01c	0.18±0.01c*
表没食子儿茶素 Epigallocatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.17±0.01b	0.17±0.01b	0.19±0.01a	0.17±0.01b	0.15±0.01c
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	夏果 Summer grape	0.84±0.03a	0.66±0.01b	0.59±0.01c	0.60±0.01c	0.58±0.001c*
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	冬果 Winter grape	1.13±0.04a*	0.67±0.01b	0.65±0.01b*	0.66±0.01b*	0.57±0.001c
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epigallocatechin gallate	夏果 Summer grape	0.93±0.02a	0.83±0.01b*	0.79±0.01d	0.81±0.01c	0.79±0.01d*
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epigallocatechin gallate	冬果 Winter grape	1.09±0.03a*	0.77±0.01d	0.83±0.02c*	0.87±0.01b*	0.76±0.01d
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	夏果 Summer grape	4.75±0.54a	4.16±0.12a	3.18±0.23b	2.64±0.25bc	2.26±0.17c
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	冬果 Winter grape	12.43±0.71a*	7.92±0.28b*	6.57±0.06c*	3.95±0.30d*	3.44±0.05d*
原花青素B₂ Procyanidin B₂	夏果 Summer grape	0.19±0.03c	0.36±0.03a	0.27±0.02b	0.28±0.01b*	0.27±0.03b*
原花青素B₂ Procyanidin B₂	冬果 Winter grape	0.28±0.04b*	0.39±0.03a	0.19±0.05c	0.01±0.02d	0.01±0.002d
总量 Total content	夏果 Summer grape	19.51±0.73a	19.23±0.38a	9.63±0.54b	7.52±0.48c	6.40±0.28d
总量 Total content	冬果 Winter grape	45.6±1.54a*	30.29±0.35b*	21.96±0.30c*	13.09±1.82d	11.26±0.37e*

表5

图3

图4

表6

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物候期 Phenological period	夏果Summer grape		冬果Winter grape
物候期 Phenological period	日期（月/日） Date (M/D)	天数 Number of days (d)	日期（月/日） Date (M/D)	天数 Number of days (d)
芽顶尖绿色至花帽褪绿期 Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18)	3/5-4/6	33	8/23-9/13	22
开始开花至花帽完全脱落期 Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	4/7-4/13	7	9/14-9/18	5
幼果直径>2 mm至直径约7 mm期 Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	4/14-5/10	27	9/19-10/10	22
浆果开始封穗至封穗期 Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	5/11-5/25	15	10/11-10/30	20
浆果开始变软至变色期 Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	5/26-6/27	33	10/31-12/10	41
浆果Brix°中等值至未完全成熟期 Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	6/28-7/12	15	12/11-1/7	28
浆果成熟至过熟期 Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	7/13-7/21	9	1/8-1/18	11
全生育期 Total (E-L4—E-L39)	3/5-7/21	139	8/23-1/18	149

代谢物Metabolite	回归方程Regression equation	相关系数Correlation coefficient (R²)
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	y=0.0119x+0.3877	0.9999
儿茶素Catechin	y=0.0006x-2.3247	0.9966
表儿茶素Epicatechin	y=1.00E-09x²+0.0003x+0.305	0.9998
没食子儿茶素Gallocatechin	y=0.0001x+0.2875	0.9997
表没食子儿茶素Epigallocatechin	y=0.0001x+0.2875	0.9997
表儿茶素没食子酸酯Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	y=1E-10x²+0.0001x+1.4108	0.9979
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯Epigallocatechin gallate	y=1E-11x²+6.00E-05x+1.9494	0.9981
原花青素B₁Procyanidin B₁	y=0.0004x-1.9582	0.9969
原花青素B₂Procyanidin B₂	y=0.0005x-1.3177	0.9992

代谢物Metabolite	季节 Season	E-L31	E-L33	E-L35	E-L36	E-L38
槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside	夏果Summer grape	—	—	—	—	—
槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside	冬果Winter grape	0.37±0.01a*	0.2±0.01b*	—	—	—
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	夏果Summer grape	18.23±1.34a*	6.27±0.30b*	4.25±0.19c*	3.27±0.10c*	3.37±0.07c*
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	冬果Winter grape	—	—	—	—	—
山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside	夏果Summer grape	0.25±0.01a	—	—	—	—
山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside	冬果Winter grape	2.64±0.16a*	1.46±0.08b*	0.69±0.01c*	0.84±0.08c*	0.71±0.03c*
总量 Total content	夏果Summer grape	18.48±1.34a*	6.27±0.30b*	4.25±0.19c*	3.27±0.10c*	3.37±0.07c*
总量 Total content	冬果Winter grape	3.01±0.18a	1.66±0.09b	0.69±0.01c	0.84±0.08c	0.71±0.03c

化合物 Compound	VIP值 VIP value
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	1.33
儿茶素 Catechin	1.83
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	1.32

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收果实类黄酮组分及含量差异分析

Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation

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