我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锌含量分布的调查

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.015

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2002-2010.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.015

所属专题：畜禽饲料中矿物元素

• 专题：畜禽饲料中矿物元素 • 上一篇下一篇

我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锌含量分布的调查

邵玉新¹,张丽阳¹,马雪莲¹,王良治^1,²,刘东元³,吕林¹,廖秀冬¹(),罗绪刚¹()

¹ 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所矿物元素营养研究室,北京 100193
² 西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都 610041
³ 北京元创智汇生物技术有限公司,北京 100020

收稿日期:2019-02-18 接受日期:2019-04-23 出版日期:2019-06-01 发布日期:2019-06-11
通讯作者: 廖秀冬,罗绪刚
作者简介:邵玉新,E-mail：syu123@sina.com。
基金资助:
国家科技部科技基础性工作专项（2014FY111000）、中国农业科学院农科英才专项、中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项（ASTIP-IAS09）和国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位专家专项（CARS-41）

A Survey on Distribution of Zinc Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

SHAO YuXin¹,ZHANG LiYang¹,MA XueLian¹,WANG LiangZhi^1,²,LIU DongYuan³,LÜ Lin¹,LIAO XiuDong¹(),LUO XuGang¹()

¹ Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
² College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041
³ Beijing Yuanchuang Zhihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100020

Received:2019-02-18 Accepted:2019-04-23 Online:2019-06-01 Published:2019-06-11
Contact: XiuDong LIAO,XuGang LUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究我国不同地区间各种饲料原料中锌含量分布情况,以及我国畜禽基础饲粮中锌水平,为饲粮中合理添补锌提供科学依据。方法对采自全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的37种共3 919个主要畜禽饲料原料,经微波消解后,用IRIS Intrepid II等离子体发射光谱仪测定其锌含量。主要畜禽饲料原料可分为七大类,包括谷类籽实（玉米、小麦、稻谷及大麦）、谷物籽实加工副产品（碎米、次粉、小麦麸、米糠、玉米DDGS、小麦DDGS、玉米胚芽粕及玉米蛋白粉）、植物性蛋白饲料（膨化大豆、豆粕、菜籽粕、棉粕、花生粕、亚麻粕、葵花粕）、动物性蛋白饲料（鱼粉、肉粉、水解羽毛粉、肠系膜蛋白粉、血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉）、秸秆类饲料（玉米秸、甘薯藤、稻秸和小麦秸）、牧草类饲料（羊草、黑麦草、苜蓿和青贮玉米）和矿物质饲料（石粉、磷酸氢钙、贝壳粉和骨粉）。结果结果表明：这37种饲料原料的平均锌含量范围为5.5—268.2 mg·kg ^-1之间,而各类饲料原料锌含量分布规律是：矿物质饲料（107.8 mg·kg ^-1）＞动物性蛋白饲料（69.8 mg·kg ^-1）＞植物性蛋白饲料（54.9 mg·kg ^-1）＞谷类籽实加工副产品（43.0 mg·kg ^-1）＞牧草类饲料（26.4 mg·kg ^-1）＞谷类籽实（22.7 mg·kg ^-1）＞秸秆类饲料（18.8 mg·kg ^-1）。同一类饲料中,除牧草类饲料中的锌含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）外,其他类别的不同饲料中的锌含量均存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,其中矿物质饲料锌含量以磷酸氢钙最高（268.2 mg·kg ^-1）,石粉最低（7.3 mg·kg ^-1）;动物性蛋白饲料锌含量以水解羽毛粉最高（120.8 mg·kg ^-1）, 血球蛋白粉最低（19.6 mg·kg ^-1）;植物性蛋白饲料锌含量以亚麻粕最高（85.2 mg·kg ^-1）, 膨化大豆最低（38.9 mg·kg ^-1）;谷物籽实加工副产品锌含量以小麦麸最高（86.2 mg·kg ^-1）,碎米最低（12.5 mg·kg ^-1）;谷类籽实锌含量以小麦最高（30.4 mg·kg ^-1）,玉米最低（16.9 mg·kg ^-1）;秸秆类饲料锌含量以稻秸最高（27.6 mg·kg ^-1）, 小麦秸最低（5.5 m·kg ^-1）。通过比较不同省（区）玉米、小麦和豆粕的锌含量发现,不同省（区）同一种饲料原料的锌含量均存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,其中广东省玉米锌含量最高（20.6 mg·kg ^-1）,而吉林省最低（13.7 mg·kg ^-1）;四川省小麦锌含量最高（41.4 mg·kg ^-1）,甘肃省最低（22.4 mg·kg ^-1）;山西省豆粕锌含量最高（51.5 mg·kg ^-1）,江苏省最低（46.6 mg·kg ^-1）。根据全国各地猪、鸡常用的142个饲粮配方所计算出的基础饲粮中锌含量范围为21.3—31.0 mg·kg ^-1,如按我国猪、鸡饲养标准或美国NRC畜禽锌营养需要量的要求,基础饲粮中锌含量可提供猪、鸡前期约1/4的锌营养需要,可提供猪、鸡后期约1/2的锌营养需要结论不同种类和不同地区饲料原料中锌含量差异较大,全国各地猪、鸡常用的基础饲粮配方中锌含量可提供猪、鸡部分锌营养需要量。因此,在实际生产中,应充分考虑不同地区基础饲粮中的锌含量,精准配制饲粮,以满足畜禽高效生产的需要,同时减少锌的添加和排放对环境的污染。

关键词: 饲料原料, 锌含量, 猪, 鸡

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the zinc (Zn) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces and the basal diets of pigs and chickens in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable addition of Zn in the livestock and poultry’s diets. 【Method】 A total of 37 kinds of 3 919 feed samples from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions were digested by microwave, and then the Zn contents were measured by IRIS IntrepidⅡplasma emission spectrometer. The feed samples fall into seven types: cereals (corn, wheat, rice and barley), cereal by-products (broken rice, wheat middling, wheat bran, rice bran, corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal), plant protein ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower seed meal), animal protein ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine solubles, plasma protein powder and dried blood cells), straw ingredients (corn straw, sweet potato vine, rice straw and wheat straw), pasture ingredients (Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) and mineral ingredients (limestone, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell meal and bone meal).【Result】 The results showed that the average Zn contents of these 37 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 5.5 to 268.2 mg·kg ^-1, and the distribution of Zn contents in different species of feed ingredients was as follows: mineral ingredients (107.8 mg·kg ^-1)＞animal protein ingredients (69.8 mg·kg ^-1)＞plant protein ingredients (54.9 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereal by-products (43.0 mg·kg ^-1)＞pasture ingredients (26.4 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereals (22.7 mg·kg ^-1)＞straw ingredients (18.8 mg·kg ^-1). Among the same kind of feed samples, there were significant differences (P＜0.05) in the Zn contents from other six types of feed ingredients except pasture ingredients. In the mineral ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the dicalcium phosphate (268.2 mg·kg ^-1) and limestone (7.3 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the animal protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the hydrolyzed feather meal (120.8 mg·kg ^-1) and dried blood cells (19.6 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the plant protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the linseed meal (85.2 mg·kg ^-1) and extruded soybean (38.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereal by-products, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the wheat bran (86.2 mg·kg ^-1) and broken rice (12.5 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereals, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the wheat (30.4 mg·kg ^-1) and corn (16.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the straw ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the rice straw (27.6 mg·kg ^-1) and wheat straw (5.5 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Regional comparison of Zn contents on a basis of provinces (regions) were made for Zn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal, showing a significant effect (P＜0.05) of regional environments on Zn contents of the same ingredient. The highest and lowest Zn contents of corn were observed in Guangdong (20.6 mg·kg ^-1) and Jilin (13.7 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively; the highest and lowest Zn contents of wheat were observed in Sichuan (41.4 mg·kg ^-1) and Gansu (22.4 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively; the highest and lowest Zn contents of soybean meal were observed in Shanxi (51.5 mg·kg ^-1) and Jiangsu (46.6 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively. Calculated Zn contents in basal diets from 142 common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country ranged from 21.3 to 31.0 mg·kg ^-1. According to Zn requirements of pigs and chicks from feeding standards of China and NRC of United States, the Zn contents in the basal diets could provide about one-fourth and one-second of the recommended Zn requirements for pigs and chickens in growing and finishing phase, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Results showed that the Zn contents in feed ingredients varied greatly among different kinds and regions, and the Zn contents in basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens could partly meet the nutrient requirements of pigs and chickens. Therefore, the Zn contents in basal diets from different regions should be considered in the preparation of diets, so as to meet the need of efficient production of livestock and poultry and to reduce supplemental Zn level and environmental pollution caused by Zn emission.

Key words: feedstuff, zinc contents, pig, chicken

邵玉新, 张丽阳, 马雪莲, 王良治, 刘东元, 吕林, 廖秀冬, 罗绪刚. 我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锌含量分布的调查[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(11): 2002-2010.

SHAO YuXin, ZHANG LiYang, MA XueLian, WANG LiangZhi, LIU DongYuan, LÜ Lin, LIAO XiuDong, LUO XuGang. A Survey on Distribution of Zinc Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 2002-2010.

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米 Corn	29	1152	16.9±2.6D
小麦 Wheat	27	244	30.4±6.7A
稻谷 Rice	29	202	20.2±3.2C
大麦 Barley	14	29	24.8±5.3B
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			22.7
碎米 Broken rice	19	52	12.5±1.8de
次粉 Wheat middling	18	45	49.8±15.6bc
小麦麸 Wheat bran	24	110	86.2±14.0a
米糠 Rice bran	22	117	38.7±10.5c
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS	13	92	44.9±6.0bc
小麦 DDGS Wheat DDGS	4	16	35.1±8.6cd
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	7	49	45.2±8.5bc
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	17	88	14.3±4.7de
P值 P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			43.0

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	13	98	38.9±3.9d
豆粕 Soybean meal	23	336	49.1±1.6cd
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	20	55	61.2±7.9b
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	14	106	56.5±8.2bc
花生粕 Peanut meal	11	49	61.6±9.0b
亚麻粕 Linseed meal	3	19	85.2±46.2a
葵花粕 Sunflower seed meal	3	15	68.0±28.6b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			54.9

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
鱼粉 Fish meal	14	57	76.9±27.5b
肉粉 Meat meal	12	24	97.4±29.6ab
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal	16	34	120.8±28.4a
肠系膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine solubles	3	9	100.7±16.8ab
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder	11	23	21.1±23.0c
血球蛋白粉 Dried blood cells	16	28	19.6±3.0c
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			69.8

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米秸 Corn straw	29	83	19.0±9.7b
甘薯藤 Sweet potato vine	12	21	22.1±9.1ab
稻秸 Rice straw	28	82	27.6±13.0a
小麦秸 Wheat straw	22	53	5.5±4.4c
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			18.8

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
羊草 Leymus chinensis	7	34	24.7±14.7
黑麦草 Ryegrass	16	72	32.3±27.7
苜蓿 Alfalfa	25	93	25.9±15.0
青贮玉米 Corn silage	23	87	23.4±13.2
P值P value			0.493
总体平均值Total average			26.4

我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锌含量分布的调查

A Survey on Distribution of Zinc Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
石粉 Limestone	18	65	7.3±5.6c
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	13	45	268.2±170.0a
贝壳粉 Oyster shell meal	5	9	14.2±18.6c
骨粉 Bone meal	15	28	120.4±22.1b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			107.8

省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	玉米锌含量 Zn contents of corn	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	小麦锌含量 Zn contents of wheat	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	豆粕锌含量 Zn contents of soybean meal
广西 Guangxi	20.6±4.9(36)a	四川 Sichuan	41.4±6.3(8)a	山西 Shanxi	51.5±1.4(4)a
山东 Shandong	20.5±3.4(54)a	湖北 Hubei	30.5±4.6(8)b	吉林 Jilin	51.1±3.5(11)ab
河北 Hebei	20.2±4.9(55)a	江苏 Jiangsu	28.6±3.8(16)bc	河南 Henan	51.0±1.6(15)ab
贵州 Guizhou	19.8±1.2(39)a	安徽 Anhui	27.8±5.2(14)bcd	安徽 Anhui	50.1±2.3(18)abc
湖北 Hubei	18.5±2.5(38)b	河南 Henan	27.8±6.7(26)bcd	河北 Hebei	49.6±3.3(27)abcd
四川 Sichuan	18.2±2.3(44)b	陕西 Shaanxi	26.9±6.0(9)bcd	辽宁 Liaoning	49.5±1.1(22)abcd
云南 Yunan	17.7±4.1(27)bc	山西 Shanxi	26.8±8.3(14)bcd	湖北 Hubei	49.1±3.0(10)bcde
安徽 Anhui	17.6±3.6(44)bc	山东 Shandong	26.5±5.3(14)bcd	四川 Sichuan	49.0±1.8(8)bcde
河南 Henan	17.2±2.6(54)bcd	新疆 Xinjiang	24.9±7.4(10)bcd	山东 Shandong	48.4±2.5(20)cdef
山西 Shanxi	17.1±3.1(83)bcd	河北 Hebei	24.3±4.7(19)cd	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	47.6±2.2(50)def
陕西Shaanxi	16.6±4.3(41)cde	甘肃 Gansu	22.4±5.7(9)d	内蒙古Inner Mongolia	46.9±3.8(30)ef
江苏 Jiangsu	16.1±2.4(46)de			江苏 Jiangsu	46.6±0.6(15)f
辽宁 Liaoning	15.3±2.6(53)ef
甘肃 Gansu	14.4±3.6(42)fg
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	14.4±2.1(78)fg
新疆 Xinjiang	14.3±3.3(48)fg
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	13.8±1.1(52)g
吉林 Jilin	13.7±2.1(60)g
P值P value	<0.0001	P值P value	<0.0001	P值P value	<0.0001
总体平均值Total average	16.8	总体平均值 Total average	27.9	总体平均值Total average	48.7

饲料类型 Type of diet	猪Pigs		鸡Chickens
饲料类型 Type of diet	配方数 No. of formulas	含锌量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)	配方数 No. of formulas	含锌量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米-豆粕 Corn-soybean meal	25	24.9±3.9	22	21.3±1.1
玉米-油籽粕 Corn-oilseed meal	15	24.2±1.9	20	21.7±1.2
多谷-豆粕 Cereals-soybean meal	23	27.0±3.2	16	26.7±2.2
多谷-油籽粕 Cereals-oilseed meal	16	31.0±2.5	15	25.7±1.7

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