芝麻不同抗旱基因型对花期干旱胁迫的生理响应机理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 1215-1226.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.009

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

芝麻不同抗旱基因型对花期干旱胁迫的生理响应机理

孙建,颜小文,乐美旺(),饶月亮,颜廷献,叶艳英,周红英

江西省农业科学院作物研究所/国家油料改良中心南昌分中心/江西省油料作物生物学重点实验室/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,南昌 330200

收稿日期:2018-11-01 接受日期:2019-02-18 出版日期:2019-04-01 发布日期:2019-04-04
通讯作者: 乐美旺
作者简介:孙建,E-mail： whsunjian@aliyun.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31560400);国家特色油料产业技术体系建设(CARS-14);江西省重点研发计划(20171BBF60034);江西省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金(2013CJJ004)

Physiological Response Mechanism of Drought Stress in Different Drought-Tolerance Genotypes of Sesame During Flowering Period

SUN Jian,YAN XiaoWen,LE MeiWang(),RAO YueLiang,YAN TingXian,YE YanYing,ZHOU HongYing

Institute of Crops, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200

Received:2018-11-01 Accepted:2019-02-18 Online:2019-04-01 Published:2019-04-04
Contact: MeiWang LE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对不同抗旱性芝麻品种叶片和根系生理生化特性的影响,分析不同基因型芝麻对花期干旱胁迫的生理响应差异,为芝麻抗旱性研究和改良提供理论参考。【方法】采用盆栽法,以抗旱品种金黄麻和干旱敏感品种竹山白为试验材料,在花期进行轻度（T1）、中度（T2）和重度（T3）干旱胁迫处理,以正常浇水为对照（CK）,分别测定植株叶片和根系的丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、游离氨基酸（AA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）等含量,超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性,分析干旱胁迫下2个基因型间生理响应机理的差异。【结果】干旱胁迫后,芝麻叶片中MDA、H₂O₂、Pro、SS、SP、GSH含量和SOD、POD、PAL酶活性以及根系中MDA、SS、SP、AA、GSH、AsA含量和CAT、PAL活性随着胁迫程度的不断加剧呈不断上升趋势,叶片中的AA、AsA含量和CAT活性以及根系中H₂O₂、Pro含量和SOD、POD活性随着胁迫程度的加剧呈先升后降趋势。相关分析结果显示,叶片中各项指标测定值与根系中指标值均呈正相关,品种抗旱性与膜脂过氧化伤害物质（MDA和H₂O₂）含量呈负相关,与部分渗透调节物质、防御系统物质含量和保护酶活性呈正相关。【结论】在花期干旱胁迫下,对2个不同基因型芝麻测定的12个生理生化指标均出现不同程度上升,响应差异较大,叶片大于根系。抗旱品种较干旱敏感品种表现为细胞膜脂过氧化伤害较轻,渗透调节物质积累量较多,保护酶（SOD和CAT）活性较强,抗氧化物质（GSH和AsA）含量较高。芝麻抗旱性生理机理表现为多方面的综合防御。

关键词: 芝麻, 花期, 干旱胁迫, 生理生化指标, 响应机理

Abstract:

【Objective】The aims of this study were to study the effects of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves and roots of different drought-tolerant sesame varieties, to analyze the physiological responses of sesame different genotypes under drought stress during flowering period, thus providing a theoretical reference for the studies of sesame drought-tolerant and its improvement. 【Method】This experiment adopted the method of potted to drought-tolerant varieties “Jinhuangma” and drought-sensitive varieties “Zhushanbai” as the experimental materials, and treatment with mild (T1), moderate (T2) and severe (T3) drought stress at the flowering period, with normal irrigation as the control (CK). The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H₂O₂, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), free amino acids (AA), reduced ascobate (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) in plant leaves and roots were determined, respectively. And then the differences of physiological response mechanism between two genotypes under drought stress were analyzed. 【Result】 After drought stress, the contents of MDA, H₂O₂, Pro, SS, SP, and GSH with the activities of SOD, POD and PAL in sesame leaves, as well as contents of MDA, SS, SP, AA, GSH, AsA and CAT and PAL activity in roots showed an increasing trend with the aggravation of stress degree, and AA, AsA content and CAT activity in leaves and contents of H₂O₂, Pro and SOD, POD activity in roots showed a trend of first rising and then falling with the aggravation of stress degree. The results of correlation analysis showed that the measured value of physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves were all positively correlated with them in roots, and the drought-tolerance of varieties was negatively correlated with the content of membrane lipid peroxidation damage substances (MDA and H₂O₂), and positively correlated with partial osmotic regulatory substances, defense system substances and protective enzyme activities. 【Conclusion】Under drought stress during the flowering period of sesame, 12 physiological and biochemical indexes of two different genotypes of sesame all showed different degree of increase, with great difference in response, and the effect on the leaves was greater than that of the roots. Drought-tolerant varieties showed less cell membrane lipid peroxidation damage, more accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances, stronger activity of protective enzymes (SOD and CAT) and higher content of antioxidant substances (GSH and AsA) than that in drought-sensitive varieties. Drought-tolerance of sesame showed comprehensive defense in many factors on physiological and biochemical indexes.

Key words: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), flowering period, drought stress, physiological and biochemical characteristics, physiological response mechanism

孙建,颜小文,乐美旺,饶月亮,颜廷献,叶艳英,周红英. 芝麻不同抗旱基因型对花期干旱胁迫的生理响应机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(7): 1215-1226.

SUN Jian,YAN XiaoWen,LE MeiWang,RAO YueLiang,YAN TingXian,YE YanYing,ZHOU HongYing. Physiological Response Mechanism of Drought Stress in Different Drought-Tolerance Genotypes of Sesame During Flowering Period[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(7): 1215-1226.

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	丙二醛 MDA	过氧化氢 H₂O₂	脯氨酸 Pro	可溶性糖 SS	可溶性蛋白 SP	游离氨基酸 AA	超氧化歧化酶 SOD	过氧化物酶 POD	过氧化氢酶 CAT	还原型谷胱甘肽 GSH	抗坏血酸 AsA	苯丙氨酸解氨酶 PAL
MDA	1.000
H₂O₂	0.654**	1.000
Pro	0.518**	0.716**	1.000
SS	0.702**	0.640**	0.774**	1.000
SP	0.715**	0.649**	0.742**	0.936**	1.000
AA	0.712**	0.717**	0.654**	0.865**	0.889**	1.000
SOD	0.520**	0.622**	0.843**	0.911**	0.908**	0.867**	1.000
POD	0.374**	0.089	0.180	0.217	0.080	-0.011	0.026	1.000
CAT	0.573**	0.373**	0.558**	0.754**	0.743**	0.672**	0.649**	0.290**	1.000
GSH	0.671**	0.296*	0.500**	0.608**	0.511**	0.283	0.360*	0.639**	0.562**	1.000
AsA	0.622**	0.704**	0.723**	0.869**	0.894**	0.923**	0.903**	-0.048	0.626**	0.305*	1.000
PAL	0.790**	0.847**	0.745**	0.770**	0.756**	0.714**	0.637**	0.248	0.669**	0.639**	0.706**	1.000

项目 Item		叶片生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves
项目 Item		MDA	H₂O₂	Pro	SS	SP	AA	SOD	POD	CAT	GSH	AsA	PAL
根系生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes of roots	MDA	0.782**	0.761**	0.836**	0.636**	0.482*	0.367	0.519**	0.893**	0.600**	0.849**	0.418*	0.877**
	H₂O₂	0.775**	0.876**	0.331	0.333	0.229	0.211	0.103	0.725**	0.164	0.528**	-0.003	0.739**
	Pro	0.211	-0.075	0.274	0.574**	0.752**	0.327	0.528**	-0.054	0.484*	0.353	0.343	0.182
	SS	0.604**	0.333	0.678**	0.938**	0.934**	0.759**	0.914**	0.543**	0.748**	0.688**	0.710**	0.478*
	SP	0.627**	0.445*	0.879**	0.833**	0.759**	0.592**	0.850**	0.692**	0.699**	0.753**	0.716**	0.598**
	AA	0.679**	0.457*	0.884**	0.920**	0.834**	0.560**	0.865**	0.732**	0.750**	0.872**	0.641**	0.671**
	SOD	0.232	-0.079	0.339	0.789**	0.823**	0.772**	0.832**	0.217	0.601**	0.314	0.640**	0.023
	POD	0.786**	0.697**	0.424*	0.613**	0.482*	0.672**	0.515*	0.645**	0.120	0.494*	0.771**	0.568**
	CAT	0.320	0.059	0.745**	0.807**	0.741**	0.568**	0.902**	0.393	0.570**	0.593**	0.837**	0.254
	GSH	0.766**	0.587**	0.868**	0.809**	0.721**	0.553**	0.744**	0.735**	0.729**	0.836**	0.617**	0.764**
	AsA	0.413*	0.152	0.780**	0.779**	0.741**	0.602**	0.915**	0.480*	0.648**	0.561**	0.710**	0.247
	PAL	0.529**	0.359	0.895**	0.783**	0.718**	0.290	0.761**	0.567**	0.587**	0.854**	0.607**	0.600**

叶片生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves	相关系数1 Coefficient 1	相关系数2 Coefficient 2	根系生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes of roots	相关系数1 Coefficient 1	相关系数2 Coefficient 2
丙二醛MDA	-0.490*	-0.508*	丙二醛MDA	-0.322	-0.427
过氧化氢H₂O₂	-0.722**	-0.883**	过氧化氢H₂O₂	-0.640**	-0.699**
脯氨酸Pro	0.113	-0.361	脯氨酸Pro	0.285	0.664**
可溶性糖SS	0.183	0.835**	可溶性糖SS	0.253	-0.151
可溶性蛋白SP	0.296	0.852**	可溶性蛋白SP	0.168	-0.554*
游离氨基酸AA	0.239	-0.377	游离氨基酸AA	0.094	0.215
超氧化歧化酶SOD	0.481*	-0.236	超氧化歧化酶SOD	0.520**	0.649**
过氧化物酶POD	-0.330	-0.624**	过氧化物酶POD	-0.298	0.290
过氧化氢酶CAT	0.377	-0.216	过氧化氢酶CAT	0.479*	0.028
还原型谷胱甘肽GSH	-0.223	0.841**	还原型谷胱甘肽GSH	-0.030	-0.725**
抗坏血酸AsA	0.231	0.540*	抗坏血酸AsA	0.519**	-0.837**
苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL	-0.620**	0.441	苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL	0.138	0.338

芝麻不同抗旱基因型对花期干旱胁迫的生理响应机理

Physiological Response Mechanism of Drought Stress in Different Drought-Tolerance Genotypes of Sesame During Flowering Period

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