不同用量风化煤腐殖酸对玉米根系的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】我国风化煤腐殖酸储量丰富,腐殖酸含有多种活性官能团,其对植物生长发育具有重要意义。当腐殖酸施于土壤时,根系对腐殖酸的响应是促进植物生长的最初动力。因此,研究腐殖酸对玉米根系生长发育的影响机制,可为风化煤腐殖酸资源的高效利用和作物的增产提质提供理论依据。【方法】采用霍格兰营养液溶液培养试验,供试玉米品种为郑单958,待玉米幼苗长至两叶一心时移到营养液培养盆钵中缓苗1 d,外源添加不同添加量（0、5、10、15和20 mg C·L ^-1）腐殖酸,研究其对玉米生物量、根冠比、根系形态以及根部养分状况的影响。【结果】（1）腐殖酸可显著增加玉米根系和地上部干物质量、根冠比、根系活力和根系TTC还原总量,较对照分别平均提高42.31%、19.33%、18.18%、46.54%和81.01%。（2）腐殖酸可改善玉米根系的形态,其处理玉米总根长、总根数量、根体积、根表面积和平均直径分别比对照平均提高13.51%、16.74%、69.62%、14.68%和49.28%。（3）添加腐殖酸可增加玉米根系的轴根数、轴根长度和侧根数,腐殖酸处理分别比对照提高16.28%、21.65%和16.80%。（4）随腐殖酸添加量的增加,对玉米根系生长的促进作用呈现先升高后降低的变化,以中等浓度（10 mg C·L ^-1）腐殖酸对玉米根系的作用效果最明显,其根干物质量和根系活力分别比对照提高了69.36%和69.07%。（5）腐殖酸处理（尤其是10 mg C·L ^-1）可有效增加玉米根系糖类、碳水化合物、脂类物质、蛋白质、多肽和氨基酸类物质等的含量。【结论】添加腐殖酸可明显增加玉米干物质量和根系活力,增加根冠比,改善根系形态,有效增加玉米根系主要化学组分的含量。本试验条件下,中等浓度（10 mg C·L ^-1）的腐殖酸对玉米根系的促进作用最好。

关键词: 腐殖酸, 玉米, 根系, 风化煤, 添加量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Weathered coal humic acid possesses abundant reserves in China, which has multiple active functional groups. The response of roots to humic acid, which acts as a humic acid acting on the first contact organ of plant, is the initial motive force to promote plant growth. Hence researching the effect of humic acid on the growth and development of maize roots is of significance for crops’ production increase and quality improvement, and can provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of weathered coal resource of China. 【Method】 Zhengdan958 maize cultivar was used as the tested cultivar, and Hogland nutrient solution hydroponics was adopted in this experiment. When maize seedlings grew to two leaves and one terminal bud, they were moved to the hydroponic basin for one day for readaption time. Then, the effect of applying different concentrations of humic acid (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg C·L ^-1) on the growth of maize biomass, root-shoot ratio, root systematic architecture and root nutrient were studied. 【Result】 (1) Humic acids could significantly increase the root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root activity, and root TTC reducing amount of maize roots. Compared with the control treatment (0 humic acid), the average value of the above indicators with humic acid treatment increased by 42.31%, 19.33%, 18.18%, 46.54%, and 81.01%, respectively. (2) Humic acid could improve the root morphology of maize roots by increasing root length, root number, root volume, root surface area, and average diameter of the maize roots. Compared with the control, the average value of the total root length, total root number, root volume, root surface area and average diameter of maize with humic acid treatment increased by 13.51%, 16.74%, 69.62%, 14.68%, and 49.28%, respectively. (3) The addition of humic acid increased the number of axial roots, length of axial roots and number of lateral roots in maize roots. The average value above of maize roots with the addition of humic acids increased by 16.28%, 21.65% and 16.80%, respectively, compared with the control treatments. (4) The promoting effect of humic acid on the growth of maize roots showed the tread of first increase and then decrease with the increasing additive amount of humic acid. When the medium concentration was 10 mg C/L, the promotion effect on maize roots was the most significant. Compared with the control, the root dry weight and root activity of maize roots increased by 69.36% and 69.07%, respectively. (5) The addition of humic acids (10 mg C·L ^-1) could increase the content of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, and nucleic acids in maize roots. 【Conclusion】 The addition of humic acid could significantly increase the biomass, root activity and root-shoot ratio of maize. In addition, it could also improve the root architecture of the maize and the content of main chemical components in maize roots. The medium concentration (10 mg C·L ^-1) of humic acid had the most significant effect on the promotion of maize roots.

Key words: humic acid, maize, root, weathered coal, additive amount

周丽平,袁亮,赵秉强,李燕婷,林治安. 不同用量风化煤腐殖酸对玉米根系的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(2): 285-292.

ZHOU LiPing,YUAN Liang,ZHAO BingQiang,LI YanTing,LIN ZhiAn. Response of Maize Roots to Different Additive Amounts of Weathered Coal Humic Acids[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(2): 285-292.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.02.008

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2019/V52/I2/285

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

参考文献 36

[1]	郑平 . 煤炭腐植酸的生产和应用. 北京:化学工业出版社, 1991: 28.
	ZHENG P. Production and Application of Coal Humic Acid. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 1991: 28. (in Chinese)
[2]	韦良开, 李瑞, 潘杰, 黄兴国 . 腐植酸类物质的生物学功能及其在畜禽养殖中的应用. 中国饲料,2017(14):10-14.
	WEI L K, LI R, PAN J, HUANG X G . Biological function of humic acid substances and its application in livestock production.China Feed,2017(14):10-14. (in Chinese)
[3]	CANELLAS L P, PICCOLO A, DOBBSS L B, SPACCINI R, OLIVARES F L, ZANDONADI D B, FAÇANHA A R . Chemical composition and bioactivity properties of size fractions separated from a vermicompost humic acid. Chemosphere, 2010,78(4):457-466. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.018
[4]	李善祥 . 我国煤炭腐植酸资源及其利用. 腐植酸,2002(3):7-13.
	LI S X . China's coal humic acid resources and their utilization.Humic Acid,2002(3):7-13. (in Chinese)
[5]	文雅, 李东旭 . 风化煤腐殖酸在土壤改良中的应用. 科技情报开发与经济, 2010,20(33):148-150.
	WEN Y, LI D X . The applications of weathered coal humic acid in soil amelioration. Sci-Tech Information Development & Economy, 2010,20(33):148-150. (in Chinese)
[6]	TAO Z, YANG Y, SHENG F . Spectroscopic and structural characterization of a fulvic acid from weathered coal. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry Reviews, 2008,49(1/2):45-56.
[7]	MARINO G, RIGHI V, SIMONI A, SCHENETTI L, MUCCI A, TUGNOLI V, MUZZI E, FRANCIOSO O . Effect of a peat humic acid on morphogenesis in leaf explants of Pyrus communis and Cydonia oblonga. Metabolomic analysis at an early stage of regeneration. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2013,61(21):4979-4987.
[8]	CALVO P, NELSON L, KLOEPPER J W . Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant & Soil, 2014,383(1/2):3-41.
[9]	DOBBSS L B, CANELLAS L P, OLIVARES F L, AGUIAR N O, PERES L E P, AZEVEDO M, SPACCINI R, PICCOLO A, FAÇANHA A R . Bioactivity of chemically transformed humic matter from vermicompost on plant root growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010,58(6):3681-3688. doi: 10.1021/jf904385c
[10]	MAGGIONI A, VARANINI Z, NARDI S, PINTON R . Action of soil humic matter on plant roots: Stimulation of ion uptake and effects on (Mg²⁺+K⁺) ATPase activity . Science of the Total Environment, 1987,62(87):355-363. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(87)90522-5
[11]	AZCONA I, PASCUAL I, AGUIRREOLEA J, FUENTES M, GARCÍA-MINA J M, SÁNCHEZ-DÍAZ M . Growth and development of pepper are affected by humic substances derived from composted sludge. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2011,174(6):916-924. doi: 10.1002/jpln.v174.6
[12]	MORA V, BACAICOA E, ZAMARRENO A M, AGUIRRE E, GARNICA M, FUENTES M, GARCÍA-MINA J M . Action of humic acid on promotion of cucumber shoot growth involves nitrate-related changes associated with the root-to-shoot distribution of cytokinins, polyamines and mineral nutrients. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2012,167(8):633-642.
[13]	GARCIA-MINA J M . Stability, solubility and maximum metal binding capacity in metal-humic complexes involving humic substances extracted from peat and organic compost. Organic Geochemistry, 2006,37(12):1960-1972. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.07.027
[14]	毛达如, 申建波 . 植物营养研究方法. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2011.
	MAO D R, SHEN J B. Research Methods of Plant Nutrition. Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2011. ( in Chinese)
[15]	赵世杰, 刘华山, 董新纯 . 植物生理学实验指导. 北京:中国农业科技出版社, 1998.
	ZHAO S J, LIU H S, DONG X C. Experimental Instruction in Plant Physiology. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1998. ( in Chinese)
[16]	DZIUBA B, BABUCHOWSKI A, NAŁĘCZ D, NIKLEWICZ M . Identification of lactic acid bacteria using FTIR spectroscopy and cluster analysis. International Dairy Journal, 2007,17(3):183-189. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.02.013
[17]	JACKSON M . Biomembrane structure from FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Reviews, 1993,15:53-69.
[18]	WILLIAMS D H, FLEMING I . Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry. 5th ed. London: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
[19]	SALZMANN D, HANDLEY R, MULLER-SCHARER H . Functional significance of triazine-herbicide resistance in defence of Senecio vulgaris against a rust fungus. Basic & Applied Ecology, 2008, 9(5):577-587.
[20]	孙素琴, 周群, 陈建波 . 中药红外光谱分析与鉴定. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2010.
	SUN S Q, ZHOU Q, CHEN J B. Infrared Spectrum Analysis and Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2010. ( in Chinese)
[21]	NELSON W H . Modern Techniques for Rapid Microbiological Analysis//Modern Techniques for Rapid Microbial Analysis. Wiley & Sons, 1991: 75-76.
[22]	ZEROUAL W, CHOISY C, DOGLIA S M, BOBICHON H, ANGIBOUST J F, MANFAIT M . Monitoring of bacterial growth and structural analysis as probed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1994,1222(2):171-178. doi: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90166-X
[23]	陆婉珍 . 现代近红外光谱分析技术. 北京:中国石化出版社, 2000.
	LU W Z. Modern Near Infrared Spectroscopic Techniques. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press, 2000. ( in Chinese)
[24]	WONG P T, WONG R K, CAPUTO T A, GODWIN T A, RIGAS B . Infrared spectroscopy of exfoliated human cervical cells: evidence of extensive structural changes during carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1991,88(24):10988-10992. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.10988
[25]	ZANDONADI D B, CANELLAS L P FAÃ§ANHA A R . Indolacetic and humic acids induce lateral root development through a concerted plasmalemma and tonoplast H⁺ pumps activation . Planta, 2007,225(6):1583-1595. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0454-2
[26]	RÜCK A, PALME K, VENIS M A, NAPIER R M, FELLE H H . Patch‐clamp analysis establishes a role for an auxin binding protein in the auxin stimulation of plasma membrane current in Zea mays protoplasts.The Plant Journal, 1993,4(1):41-46.
[27]	CANELLAS L P, OLIVARES F L, OKOROKOVAFAÇANHA A L, FAÇANHA A R . Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activity in maize roots . Plant Physiology, 2002,130(4):1951-1957. doi: 10.1104/pp.007088
[28]	MALCOLM R E, VAUGHAN D . Effects of humic acid fractions on invertase activities in plant tissues. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1979,11(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(79)90120-2
[29]	NARDI S, MUSCOLO A, VACCARO S, BAIANO S, SPACCINI R, PICCOLO A . Relationship between molecular characteristics of soil humic fractions and glycolytic pathway and krebs cycle in maize seedlings. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007,39(12):3138-3146. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.006
[30]	CANELLAS L P, BALMORI D M , MÉDICI L O, AGUIAR N O, CAMPOSTRINI E, ROSA R C, FAÇANHA A R , OLIVARES F L . A combination of humic substances and Herbaspirillum seropedicae inoculation enhances the growth of maize(Zea mays L.).Plant and Soil, 2013, 366(1/2):119-132.
[31]	ERTANI A, FRANCIOSO O, TUGNOLI V, RIGHI V, NARDI S . Effect of commercial lignosulfonate-humate on Zea mays L. metabolism.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011,59(22):11940-11948.
[32]	HAGER A . Role of the plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase in auxin-induced elongation growth: historical and new aspects . Journal of Plant Research, 2003,116(6):483-505. doi: 10.1007/s10265-003-0110-x
[33]	薛世川, 刘秀芬, 邓景华 . 施用腐植酸复合肥对小麦抗旱防衰能力的影响及其机理. 中国生态农业学报,2006(1):139-141.
	XUE S C, LIU X F, DENG J H . Effect and mechanism of humic acid compound fertilizer on the drought and senility-resistant ability of wheat.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006(1):139-141. (in Chinese)
[34]	GARCÍA A C, SOUZA L G A D, PEREIRA M G, CASTRO R N, GARCÍAMINA J M, ZONTA E, LISBOA F J G, BERBARA R L L . Structure-property-function relationship in humic substances to explain the biological activity in plants. Scientific Reports, 2016,6:20798. doi: 10.1038/srep20798
[35]	MATO M C, OLMEDO M G, MENDEZ J . Inhibition of indoleacetic acid-oxidase by soil humic acids fractionated on sephadex. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1972,4(4):469-473. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(72)90062-4
[36]	PFLUG W, ZIECHMANN W . Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase by humic acids. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1981,13(4):293-299. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(81)90065-1

处理 Treatment	器官 Organs		总重 Total (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
处理 Treatment	根Root (g)	地上部Shoot (g)	总重 Total (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	0.26±0.02 c	1.19±0.14 b	1.45±0.14 c	0.22±0.03 a
HA1	0.31±0.05 bc	1.36±0.14 ab	1.67±0.16 bc	0.23±0.04 a
HA2	0.44±0.04 a	1.58±0.15 a	2.02±0.17 a	0.28±0.03 a
HA3	0.36±0.04 b	1.39±0.14 ab	1.74±0.15 b	0.26±0.04 a
HA4	0.38±0.04 ab	1.34±0.09 ab	1.72±0.08 bc	0.28±0.04 a
HA平均 Average	0.37	1.42	1.79	0.26
HA变异系数 CV	0.15	0.08	0.06	0.10

处理 Treatment	TTC还原强度 Root activity (mg·g^-1·h^-1)	TTC还原总量 Root TTC reducing amount (mg·h^-1)
CK	2.17±0.34 c	9.95±2.42 d
HA1	2.80±0.11 b	14.37±1.31 c
HA2	3.67±0.23 a	23.49±0.65 a
HA3	3.23±0.15 ab	17.46±1.62 b
HA4	3.03±0.31 b	16.72±0.43 bc
HA平均 Average	3.18	18.01
HA变异系数 CV	0.12	0.22

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total length (cm)	总根数量 Total root number	根体积 Root volume (cm³)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根平均直径 Root average diameter (mm)
CK	1418.40±52.42 c	759.00±42.53 c	2.32±0.10 d	88.75±1.66 c	2.18±0.18 c
HA1	1507.24±95.37 bc	832.33±61.44 bc	3.43±0.35 c	98.92±3.93 b	3.07±0.11 b
HA2	1769.85±100.90 a	993.67±71.16 a	4.50±0.16 a	112.03±7.17 a	3.53±0.13 a
HA3	1620.72±80.24 ab	877.33±60.53 b	4.01±0.40 ab	101.72±4.76 b	3.27±0.05 b
HA4	1542.45±83.97 bc	841.00±21.28 bc	3.80±0.24 bc	94.42±2.33 bc	3.16±0.15 b
HA平均 Average	1610.06	886.08	3.94	101.77	3.26
HA变异系数 CV	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.07	0.06